Phlaeothripinae, Uzel, 1895

Dang, Li-Hong, Mound, Laurence A. & Qiao, Ge-Xia, 2014, Conspectus of the Phlaeothripinae genera from China and Southeast Asia (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae), Zootaxa 3807 (1), pp. 1-82 : 10-14

Key to Phlaeothripinae genera from China and SE Asia

[excluding Austrothrips and Eothrips q.v.;*indicates no species studied]

1. Compound eyes holoptic, surrounding the ocelli ( Fig. 72 ); mouth cone extending across prosternum; body black with yellow, red and white markings when alive....................................................... Macrophthalmothrips

-. Compound eyes smaller, never fully surrounding ocellar region ( Figs 71, 73, 74 ); mouth cone various; body colour various, but never with yellow, red and white markings.................................................................. 2

2. Tube parallel-sided, long and slender with elongate anal setae, usually 2–4 times as long as tube ( Fig. 25 ); abdominal segment IX usually much longer than wide ( Fig. 25 ) [body with reticulate and tubercles on dorsal surface ( Figs 28, 29, 33 ); basantra absent; usually aptera].................................................................................. 3

-. Tube various, but anal setae usually as long as tube, if long, basantra well-developed; body surface various; abdominal segment IX wider than length ( Fig. 45 )....................................................................... 8

3. Antenna 5- or 6-segmented, morphological segments III–V united, VII–VIII sometimes fused without sutures ( Fig. 90 ) [head with 1–3 pairs of setae on anterior margin]....................................................... Stephanothrips

-. Antenna 7- or 8-segmented, segments III–V completely separated, VII–VIII sometimes fused without sutures............ 4

4. Anterior margin of head with 1–3 pairs of prominent setae ( Figs 28, 29 ).......................................... 5

-. Anterior margin of head with no prominent setae ( Fig. 33 )..................................................... 6

5. Anterior margin of head with one pair of prominent setae ( Fig. 29 )..................................... Bradythrips

-. Anterior margin of head with three pairs of prominent setae ( Fig. 28 ).................................... Baenothrips

6. Head projecting in front of eyes ( Fig. 43 ).......................................................... Habrothrips

-. Head not projecting in front of eyes, but sometimes produced as a hump.......................................... 7

7. Postocular setae well-developed with apex expanded, close together; anal setae 4 times as long as tube or more.. Alerothrips *

-. Head without distinct long postocular setae ( Fig. 33 ); anal setae about twice as long as tube.................... Urothrips

8. Antennal segment III much smaller than IV ( Figs 31 , 65 , 91 ), these segments either broadly joined or fused.............. 9

-. Antennal segments III and IV normal, distinctly separated from each other....................................... 11

9. Pronotal setae blunt to expanded at apex ( Fig. 91 ); antenna 8-segmented, segment III about 0.5 as long as IV, and widely joined to IV......................................................................................... Preeriella

-. At least pronotal posteroangular setae sickle-shaped at apex ( Figs 31 , 65 ); antenna usually 7-segmented, morphological segments III–IV fused with or without sutures................................................................ 10

10. Pronotal notopleural sutures absent; pm setae similar in size to pa setae................................. Crinitothrips

-. Pronotal notopleural sutures present, but incomplete; pm setae much smaller than pa setae................... Hyidiothrips

11. Antennal segment II with campaniform sensorium on median or basal half of segment ( Fig. 96 )...................... 12

-. Antennal segment II with campaniform sensorium on apical half of segment ( Figs 12, 13, 16 )........................ 17

12. Body with long barbed setae on elongate dorsal tubercles; tarsal tooth and hamus equally developed in all legs [tergite VIII with 2 pairs of wing-retaining setae]............................................................. Andrethrips *

-. Body with major setae simple; tarsal tooth and hamus not equally developed in any legs............................ 13

13. Antennal segment IV broad apically, with more than 4 prominent sensoria ( Fig. 96 ); female abdominal sternite VIII with row of stout posteromarginal setae................................................................... Streptothrips

-. Antennal segment IV narrowed at apex, with 3 (or 2) prominent sensoria; female abdominal sternite VIII without stout setae.. 14

14. Sternite VIII posterior margin with series of long teeth........................................... Chirothripoides *

-. Sternite VIII simple, without posteromarginal teeth.......................................................... 15

15. Head produced in front of eyes; prosternal ferna large, fused medially................................. Mastigothrips *

-. Head not produced in front of eyes ( Fig. 74 ); prosternal ferna of two distinct plates............................... 16

16. Antennal segment IV with 2 sensoria; fore femora inner margin with tooth............................... Menothrips *

-. Antennal segment IV with 3 sensoria; fore femora inner margin without tooth............................ Plectrothrips

17. Maxillary stylets short and V-shaped, usually scarcely retracted into head capsule ( Figs 8 , 84 , 95 )..................... 18

-. Maxillary stylets various, at least clearly visible in head anterior to postoccipital ridge.............................. 21

18. Antennal segment III with 3 sensoria, IV with 4 sensoria, segments VII–VIII broadly joined or fused ( Fig. 11 ); prosternal basantra present ( Fig. 8 ); fore wing constricted medially........................................... Akarethrips gen n.

-. Antennal segment III with 1–2 sensoria, IV with 2–3 sensoria, segments VII–VIII distinct from each other; prosternal basantra absent or weakly developed; fore wing without median constriction............................................. 19

19. Fore femora expanded, with at least one large tooth on inner margin ( Figs 92, 93 )....................... Veerabahuthrips

-. Fore femora without tooth on inner margin................................................................ 20

20. Metathoracic sternopleural sutures present; abdominal tergites III–VI each with one pair of wing-retaining setae in macropterae ( Fig. 94 ); living on dead branches..................................................... Sophiothrips

-. Metathoracic sternopleural sutures absent; abdominal tergites III–VI each with 2 pairs of wing-retaining setae in macropterae; living on Poaceae ........................................................................... Bamboosiella

21. Abdominal tergite VIII with 1 or 2 pairs of curved wing-retaining setae ( Figs 68 , 86 )............................... 22

-. Abdominal tergite VIII with no wing-retaining setae......................................................... 25

22. Pronotal aa absent; antennal segments III-IV each with 2 sensoria.................................... Solomonthrips

-. Pronotal aa developed; antennal segment III with 2 or 3 sensoria, IV with 3 or 4................................... 23

23. Eyes prolonged on ventral surface of head; tergite VIII with only one pair of curved wing-retaining setae...... Lizalothrips *

-. Eyes not longer ventrally than dorsally; tergite VIII with 2 pairs of curved wing-retaining setae....................... 24

24. Pronotal am setae minute ( Fig. 131 ); antennal segment III with 3 sensoria, IV with 4; fore wing parallel-sided... Phylladothrips

-. Pronotal am well developed, as long as aa ( Fig. 84 ); antennal segment III with 2 sensoria, IV with 3; fore wing slightly contricted medially........................................................................ Propesolomonthrips

25. Antenna 5-segmented, morphological segments III–VI joined ( Fig. 77 ) [body surface bearing numerous tubercles, most setae broadly expanded; meso- and metanotum fused; abdominal tergite I transverse, broadly fused to tergite II; tube encircled by a transverse furrow medially]................................................................... Murphythrips

-. Antenna 7- or 8-segmented............................................................................. 26

26. Fore wing with 3 brown bands, without duplicated cilia, sub-basal setae weak ( Fig. 21 ); abdominal tergites III–VI each with one pair of wing-retaining setae............................................................... Aleurodothrips

-. Fore wing rarely banded, duplicated cilia and sub-basal setae various; abdominal tergites III–VI usually with 2 pairs of wingretaining setae....................................................................................... 27

27. Antennae 7-segmented [body surface strongly reticulated].......................................... Strepterothrips

-. Antennae 8-segmented, but sometimes VII–VIII closely joined, with complete or incomplete suture................... 28

28. Antennal segment III usually with more than 6 stout sensoria ( Fig. 12 ), if with 4, fore femur with a median tubercle in both sexes ( Fig. 130 )........................................................................... Ecacanthothrips

-. Antennal segment III with no more than 4 sensoria.......................................................... 29

29. Tube elongate, usually more than 10 times as long as basal width, with numerous lateral setae ( Fig. 70 ); abdominal tergites II–V with 2 pairs of wing-retaining setae, usually fan-shaped; antennal segment IV with two sensoria........... Leeuwenia -. Tube less than 5 times as long as basal width; if tube elongate, then abdominal tergites II–V with numerous wing-retaining setae, or antennal segment IV with three sensoria........................................................... 30

30. Head with 2 pairs of prominent postocular setae ( Fig. 105 ); antennal segment IV with 2 sensoria; head of female with ocellar triangle prolonged conically over base of antennae ( Fig. 105 )....................................... Coryphothrips

-. Head usually with one pair of postocular setae; if with 2 pairs then antennal segment IV with 3 sensoria; head not prolonged into cone over base of antennae......................................................................... 31

31. Antennal segment VIII elongate ( Fig. 17 ); head constricted basally; maxillary stylets far apart from each other; pronotal am (and usually aa) setae minute, notopleural sutures incomplete; fore tarsal tooth absent in both sexes; fore wing parallel-sided...... 32

-. Not above combination of characters..................................................................... 34

32. Maxillary stylets parallel medially in head, about one third of head width apart; mouth cone pointed.......... Athlibothrips

-. Maxillary stylets wide apart and V-shaped in head; mouth cone broadly rounded................................... 33

33. Head about as long as wide ( Fig. 71 ); fore wing sub-basal setae reduced; leaf-feeding species............... Litotetothrips

-. Head longer than wide; fore wing sub-basal setae well-developed; gall-inducing species................... Thlibothrips *

34. Antennal segment II asymmetric, inner margin sharply angulate ( Fig. 104 ); head projecting over bases of antennae, first ocellus directed forwards ( Fig. 104 ); mesopresternum completely absent [antennal segment III with one sensorium, IV with two sensoria; pronotal epimera laterally strongly eroded]................................................ Chelaeothrips

-. Antennal segment II not sharply asymmetric; anterior margin of head different; mesopresternum various, transverse, or reduced to two lateral triangles, or rarely fused to anterior margin of mesoeusternum............................... 35

35. Antennal segment III with one sensorium, IV with 3 ( Fig. 89 ) [basantra usually absent]............................. 36

-. Sensorium number on antennal segments III and IV different from above........................................ 62

36. Basantra present; postocular setae minute......................................................... Jennythrips *

-. Basantra absent; postocular setae usually developed......................................................... 37

37. Eyes with posterior ommatidia enlarged ( Figs 81, 82 , 119, 120 )................................................ 38

-. Eyes without enlarged posterior ommatidia................................................................ 41

38. Mesonotum, metanotum and tergites II–VI yellow, head and abdominal segments VII–X dark brown [maxillary stylets retracted almost to compound eyes, close together medially in head].................................. Praeciputhrips

-. Body uniformly brown................................................................................ 39

39. Posteromarginal setae on abdominal segment IX 0.6 as long as tube..................................... Manothrips *

-. Posteromarginal setae on abdominal segment IX as long as tube, or a little shorter................................. 40

40. Pronotum with notopleural sutures incomplete ( Fig. 119 )............................................ Gemmathrips

-. Pronotum with notopleural sutures complete ( Fig. 120 ).............................................. Rosingothrips

41. Body strongly reticulate dorsally, usually with fine internal wrinkles; tube usually elongate, at least 5 times as long as basal width, and with fine lateral setae; head about twice as long as width across eyes, cheeks parallel ( Fig. 3 ); antennal segments III–V usually slender; pelta triangular.................................................................... 42

-. Not above combination of characters..................................................................... 44

42. Maxillary stylets elongate, retracted to just behind eyes, close together medially ( Fig. 3 ).................. Agynaikothrips

-. Maxillary stylets short and wide apart, retracted to basal third of head length...................................... 43

43. Abdominal tergites II–V with more than 4 pairs of sigmoid or straight wing-retaining setae ( Figs 39, 41, 42 )... Gigantothrips

-. Abdominal tergites II–V with 2 pairs of sigmoid wing-retaining setae, usually also with several pairs of accessory smaller wing-retaining setae........................................................................ Gynaikothrips

44. Postocellar setae elongate, much longer than diameter of posterior ocelli.............................. Chaetokarnyia *

-. Postocellar setae not elongate........................................................................... 45

45. Maxillary stylets retracted to compound eyes and close together medially in head ( Figs 66 , 124 )...................... 46

-. Maxillary stylets not reaching compound eyes, about one third of head width apart medially......................... 47

46. Metanotum strongly reticulate; pronotum clearly narrower than prothorax width; female with a large fore tarsal tooth................................................................................................. Horistothrips

-. Metanotum weakly reticulate; pronotum occupying full width of prothorax; female without a fore tarsal tooth..................................................................................................... Psephenothrips

47. Female with sharply recurved, pointed tooth on inner apex of fore tibia ( Fig. 142 ), and fore femora swollen but without tooth on inner margin.............................................................................. Myopothrips

-. Fore tibia of both sexes without a large recurved tooth at inner apex............................................. 48

48. Head strongly constricted basally, forming a neck with one or more stout setae just anterior to the constriction ( Fig. 83 ); fore tibia of male with small triangular tooth at inner apex ( Fig. 83 )....................................... Sphingothrips

-. Head not constricted to a basal neck with stout setae; fore tibiae of male with no tooth or tubercle at inner apex.......... 49

49. Head with two pairs of equally developed postocular setae ( Fig. 118 )................................... Adelphothrips

-. Head with no more than one pair of well-developed postocular setae............................................ 50

50. Pronotum with no long major setae, epim no longer than width of fore tibia ( Fig. 129 ); pronotum anterior angles with numerous stout setae ( Fig. 129 ); head much longer than wide, cheeks with numerous stout setae, postocular setae minute ( Fig. 129 ) [both sexes with large fore tarsal tooth].......................................................... Phasmothrips

-. Pronotum anterior angles without numerous stout setae, major setae usually elongate, head usually with postocular setae and cheeks without numerous stout setae..................................................................... 51

51. Postocular setae behind inner margin of compound eyes, and cheeks with numerous short stout setae ( Fig. 121 ) [antennal seg- ments III–IV sensoria 0.75 as long as their segments]................................................ Zelotothrips

-. Postocular setae arising further apart; cheeks without numerous setae........................................... 52

52. Head with one pair of stout setae on basal third of cheeks ( Fig. 80 ).................................. Ponticulothrips

-. Head without such stout cheek setae...................................................................... 53

53. Antennal sensoria on III and IV long and slender, at least 2/3 as long as segment.................................. 54

- Antennal sensoria scarcely half as long as segment.......................................................... 55

54. Male with fore tarsal tooth; head scarcely long than wide ( Fig. 126 ).................................... Eugynothrips

-. Male without fore tarsal tooth; head much longer than width ( Fig. 127 )................................. Phenicothrips

55. Postocular setae minute, not extending to posterior margin of eye ( Fig. 109 )...................................... 56

-. Postocular setae well-developed........................................................................ 57

56. Body surface strongly reticulate; fore tarsal tooth present in female; tergite IX setae much shorter than tube... Medogothrips

-. Body surface not reticulate, pronotum with transverse sculpture lines; fore tarsal tooth absent in both sexes; tergite IX setae longer than tube ( Fig. 109 ).................................................................... Pnigmothrips

57. Fore tarsal tooth present in both sexes.................................................................... 58

-. Fore tarsal tooth absent in females, rarely present in males.................................................... 59

58. Pronotal epimeral setae well developed, usually much longer than other major setae ( Fig. 32 ); metathoracic sternopleural sutures well developed....................................................................... Crotonothrips

-. Pronotal 5 pairs of major setae well developed, epimerals slightly longer ( Fig. 122 ); metathoracic sternopleural sutures present, but short................................................................................. Liophloeothrips

59. Male with fore femora enlarged and large fore tarsal tooth; fore tarsus of female without tooth............. Propealiothrips

-. Fore femora of male not enlarged; fore tarsal tooth absent in both sexes.......................................... 60

60. Antennal segment VIII long and slender, constricted basally, as long as VII, or a little longer ( Fig. 13 )..... Eurhynchothrips

-. Antennal segment VIII short and slightly constricted basally, distinctly shorter than VII............................. 61

61. Male tergite IX with setae S2 as long as setae S1.................................................. Isotrichothrips

-. Male tergite IX with setae S2 much shorter than setae S1............................................... Liothrips

62. Body surface strongly reticulate, many short sculpture lines inside each reticle ( Fig. 87 ); maxillary stylets long, retracted to eyes, close together medially ( Fig. 87 ); pronotal major setae and postocular setae short, broadly expanded at apex ( Fig. 87 ); postocular setae close together ( Fig. 87 ); metathoracic sternopleural sutures present; fore wing, if developed, weakly constricted medially, with duplicated cilia............................................................ Azaleothrips

-. Not above combination of characters..................................................................... 63

63. Mesopresternum fused to mesoeusternum medially ( Figs 24 , 116 ).............................................. 64

-. Mesopresternum transverse, or reduced to two lateral triangles, never fused to mesoeusternum ( Figs 50, 52, 54 ).......... 65

64. Antennal segment VIII clearly separate from VII, III with 3 sensoria; pronotal am, aa and ml setae not arising close together ( Fig. 19 ); fore wing constricted medially........................................................... Asianthrips

-. Antennal segment VIII fused to VII, III with 2 sensoria ( Fig. 114 ); pronotal am, aa and ml setae arising close together ( Fig. 113 ); fore wing parallel sided................................................................. Trichinothrips

65. Head strongly reticulate and with cheeks distinctly in-cut just behind eyes ( Fig. 78 )................................ 66

-. Head not strongly reticulate and with cheeks not in-cut behind eyes............................................. 68

66. Pronotum with 5 pairs of major setae with broadly expanded apices ( Fig. 78 ); postocular setae long and capitate. Mystrothrips

-. Pronotum with only epimeral setae developed; postocular setae minute.......................................... 67

67. Head with cheeks almost parallel-sided; antennal segment III with 3 sensoria; pronotal epimeral setae less than 20 microns long..................................................................................... Sagenothrips *

-. Head with cheeks swollen behind eyes ( Fig. 46 ); antennal segment III with 2 sensoria; pronotal epimeral setae more than 30 microns long ( Fig. 46 )...................................................................... Heliothripoides

68. Basantra present, usually well developed.................................................................. 69

-. Basantra absent or weak............................................................................... 86

69. Anterior margin of head produced into a prominent ensiform process overhanging base of antennae ( Fig. 57 )..... Sinuothrips

-. Anterior margin of the head without such a process.......................................................... 70

70. Postocular setae minute; only epimerals developed and expanded on pronotum; forewing without duplicated cilia [antennal segments III–IV with 2 and 4 sensoria respectively]........................................... Ananthakrishnana *

-. Postocular setae usually well developed, at least reaching posterior margin of eyes; all five pairs of pronotal setae developed, sometimes am, ml reduced; forewing with or without duplicated cilia........................................... 71

71. Metathoracic sternopleural sutures present................................................................. 72

-. Metathoracic sternopleural sutures absent................................................................. 75

72. Basantra well developed, longer than wide ( Fig. 59 )......................................................... 73

-. Basantra usually broader............................................................................... 74

73. Pronotal notopleural sutures complete ( Fig. 58 ); anal setae usually about twice as long as tube ( Fig. 141 ); fore wing constricted medially..................................................................................... Podothrips

-. Pronotal notopleural sutures incomplete ( Fig. 133 ); anal setae slightly longer than tube; fore wing parallel-sided Okajimathrips

74. Anal setae long, about 1.5 times as long as tube ( Fig. 140 ); pronotal am setae minute, ml setae as long as aa setae ( Fig. 125 ).......................................................................................... Praepodothrips

-. Anal setae as long as tube; pronotal am and ml setae minute ( Fig. 26 )................................... Bagnalliella 75. Pronotal notopleural sutures incomplete ( Fig. 60 ); antennal segment III with one sensorium, IV with 4........... Dyothrips

-. Pronotal notopleural sutures complete; antennal segments III–IV with different sensoria formula than above............ 76

76. Fore femur inner margin with small blunt tubercle either at base or medially ( Figs 5 , 110 )........................... 77

-. Fore femur without tubercle on inner margin............................................................... 78

77. Fore femur inner margin with small blunt tubercle at base ( Fig. 5 )...................................... Androthrips

-. Fore femur inner margin with small blunt tubercle medially ( Fig. 110 )................................. Sumatrothrips

78. Head sharply constricted basally, with several stout setae on cheeks ( Fig. 56 ); maxillary stylets short and V-shaped, not reaching postocular setae; stout fore tarsal tooth present in both sexes; antennal segment III with 3 sensoria, IV with 4.. Mesothrips

-. Not this combination of characters....................................................................... 79

79. Mouth cone straight, pointed, usually extending to mesothorax ( Fig. 35 )................................ Dolichothrips

-. Mouth cone usually short and rounded.................................................................... 80

80. Wings and tergal wing-retaining setae usually absent; antennal III with 1 sensorium, segment IV with 2 or 3; pronotum with 5 well developed setae........................................................................ Apterygothrips

-. Not above combination of characters..................................................................... 81

81. Abdominal segments II–VI with 1 pair of wing-retaining setae ( Fig. 69 ).................................. Plicothrips

-. Abdominal segments II–VI with 2 pairs of wing-retaining setae................................................ 82

82. Anal setae elongate, usually twice as long as tube or more, if shorter then pronotum notopleural sutures incomplete; basantra sometimes as long as wide; pronotal am setae usually minute ( Fig. 55 )................................. Karnyothrips

-. Anal setae shorter, no more than 1.5 times as long as tube; pronotal am setae usually developed...................... 83

83. Fore tibia with small tooth at inner apex in both sexes ( Fig. 112 )....................................... Glenothrips

-. Fore tibia with no small tooth at inner apex................................................................ 84

84. Antennal segment III with 1 or 2 prominent sensoria................................................. Haplothrips

-. Antennal segment III with 3 sensoria..................................................................... 85

85. Pronotum with 3 pairs of major setae, am and aa minute ( Fig. 108 ).................................... Logadothrips

-. Pronotum usually with 5 pairs of major setae (am rarely small)....................................... Xylaplothrips

86. Maxillary stylets long, retracted to eyes, close together medially for full length of head ( Figs 61 , 66 )................... 87

-. Maxillary stylets never close together medially for full length of head........................................... 90

87. Antennal segments III and IV each with 3 sensoria ( Fig. 88 )......................................... Pygmaeothrips

-. Antennal segment IV with 4 sensoria..................................................................... 88

88. Antennal segment III with 4 sensoria............................................................ Oidanothrips

-. Antennal segment III with 2 or 3 sensoria................................................................. 89

89. Fore tarsal tooth present in both sexes............................................................. Holothrips

-. Fore tarsal tooth absent in both sexes ( Fig. 1 )...................................................... Ablemothrips

90. Female sternite VIII with pair of stout or leaf-like posteromarginal setae ( Fig. 102 ); major setae strongly expanded at apex ( Figs 97, 98 )............................................................................... Terthrothrips

-. Female sternite VIII without pair of stout posteromarginal setae............................................... 91

91. Wingless; pronotal am, aa and ml setae no larger than discal setae, pa setae often also small or scarcely 0.5 as long as epimeral setae; postocular setae not reaching posterior margin of eyes ( Fig. 123 )................................ Cephalothrips

-. Usually macropterous; at least pronotal ml, pa and epimeral setae long, also postocular setae extending to posterior margin of eyes............................................................................................... 92

92. Apex of fore femora at inner margin with tooth in both sexes ( Fig. 2 ); head without pair of stout setae on cheeks ( Fig. 2 ).............................................................................................. Acanthothrips

-. Fore femora of female without tooth, male sometimes with tooth; head with pair of stout setae on basal third of cheeks.... 93

93. Maxillary stylets short, wide apart, usually V- or U-shaped.................................................... 94

-. Maxillary stylets long, close together medially............................................................. 97

94. Pronotum with 3 pairs of major setae, am and aa minute ( Fig. 73 )..................................... Psalidothrips

-. Pronotum with 4 or 5 pairs of major setae, sometimes am minute............................................... 95

95. Antennal segment III with 2 sensoria........................................................... Prosantothrips

-. Antennal segment III with 3 sensoria..................................................................... 96

96. Abdominal tergites with one pair of wing-retaining setae; pronotum with 5 pairs of major setae; antennal segment IV with 3 sensoria................................................................................ Margaritothrips *

-. Abdominal tergites with two pairs of wing-retaining setae; pronotum usually with 4 pairs of major setae, am usually minute; antennal segment IV usually with 4 sensoria...................................................... Deplorothrips

97. Maxillary stylets relatively broad, usually 4–6 microns wide ( Fig. 20 ); pronotal aa and ml setae relatively close together ( Fig. 20 )...................................................................................... Apelaunothrips

-. Maxillary stylets slender, usually 2–3 microns in diameter; pronotal aa and ml setae well separated.................... 98

98. Postocular setae behind inner margin of eyes ( Fig. 4 ); metathoracic sternopleural sutures absent............ Adraneothrips

-. Postocular setae wider apart; metathoracic sternopleural sutures usually present................................... 99

99. Major setae usually expanded at apex ( Figs 63, 64 ); fore wings usually weakly constricted medially....... Hoplandrothrips

-. Major setae usually acute at apex ( Fig. 62 ); fore wings, if developed, parallel-sided........................ Hoplothrips

Figures

FIGURES 71–75. Phlaeothripinae genera. Heads 71–73: (71) Litotetothrips sp.; (72) Macrophthalmothrips flavafemora; (73) Psalidothrips sp. Plectrothrips australis 74–75: (74) Head & pronotum; (75) Metanotum & tergites I–III.

FIGURES 21–27. Phlaeothripinae genera. Aleurodothrips sp. 21–22: (21) female; (22) male. Ventral view of thorax 23–24: (23) Apterygothrips viretum; (24) Asianthrips orientalis. (25) Baenothrips moundi, tergites III–X. Head & pronotum 26–27: (26) Bagnalliella sp.; (27) Bamboosiella cingulata.

FIGURES 28–33. Phlaeothripinae genera. Head & pronotum 28–33: (28) Baenothrips moundi; (29) Bradythrips hesperus; (30) Asianthrips orientalis; (31) Crinitothrips setosus; (32) Crotonothrips dentifer; (33) Urothrips junctus.

FIGURES 43–48. Phlaeothripinae genera. Habrothrips curiosus 43–44: (43) Head & pronotum; (44) Tergites I–III. Heliothripoides boltoni 45–48: (45) Tergites VII–X; (46) Head & pronotum; (47) Metanotum & tergites I–III; (48) Ventralview of head & prototum.

FIGURES 84–91. Phlaeothrips-lineage. Propesolomonthrips mindorensis 84–86: (84) Head & pronotum; (85) meso- & metanotum; (86) tergites VII–X. (87) Azaleothrips lepidus, head, pronotum & foreleg; (88) Pygmaeothrips angusticeps, antenna; (89) Rosingothrips ommatus, antenna; (90) Stephanothrips yaeyamensis, antenna; (91) Preeriella armigera, female.

FIGURES 61–65. Phlaeothrips-lineage. Heads 61–64: (61) Holothrips; (62) Hoplothrips; (63) Hoplandrothrips hylaius, small male; (64) Hoplandrothrips hylaius, large male. (65) Hyidiothrips brunneus, female.

FIGURES 92–96. Phlaeothrips-lineage. Veerabahuthrips spp. 92–93 head, pronotum & foreleg: (92) crassipes; (93) simplex. Sophiothrips annulatus 94–95: (94) head, thorax & tergites I–II; (95) ventral view of thorax. (96) Streptothrips tribulatius, antenna.

FIGURES 11–20. Phlaeothripinae genera. Antennae 11–18: (11) Akarethrips iotus; (12) Ecacanthothrips tibialis; (13) Eurhynchothrips messuicola; (14) Eugynothrips sumatranus; (15) Heliothripoides boltoni; (16) Isotrichothrips longirostris; (17) Litotetothrips sp.; (18) Phenicothrips daetymon. Head & pronotum 19–20: (19) Asianthrips orientalis; (20) Apelaunothrips aokii.

FIGURES 1–10. Phlaeothripinae genera. (1) Ablemothrips maxillatus, antenna, head, pronotum & fore leg; (2) Acanthothrips nodicornis, head & fore leg; (3) Agynaikothrips sp., head; (4) Adraneothrips coloratus, head & pronotum; (5) Androthrips ramachandrai, head, pronotum & for legs. Akarethrips iotus 6–10: (6) Head, pronotum & fore legs; (7) Forewing; (8) Basantra & mesopresternum; (9) Metanotum & Pelta; (10) Tergites VIII–IX.

FIGURES 66–70. Phlaeothripinae genera. Head & pronotum 66–67: (66) Horistothrips australiae; (67) Liothrips vaneeckei. (68) Phylladothrips pictus, tergites VII–X; (69) Plicothrips apicalis, tergites III–VI; (70) Leeuwenia karnyiana, male tegites VI–X.

FIGURES 130–133. Phlaeothripinae genera. Head & pronotum: (130) Ecacanthothrips claricornis, male; (131) Phylladothrips pictus; (132) Glenothrips biuncinatus; (133) Okajimathrips kentingensis.

FIGURES 76–79. Phlaeothripinae genera. Head & pronotum 76–79: (76) Isotrichothrips longirostris; (77) Murphythrips legalis; (78) Mystrothrips dammermani; (79) Strepterothrips uenoi.

FIGURES 104–107. Liothrips-lineage. (104) Chelaeothrips annamensis, antenna, head & pronotum; (105) Coryphothrips trochiceps, head & foreleg; (106) Zelotothrips fuscipennis, metanotum & pelta; (107) Coryphothrips trochiceps, thorax.

FIGURES 80–83. Phlaeothripinae genera. Head & pronotum 80–83: (80) Ponticulothrips diospyrosi; (81) Praeciputhrips balli; (82) Rosingothrips ommatus; (83) Sphingothrips trachypogon.

FIGURES 118–121. Liothrips-lineage. Head & pronotum: (118) Adelphothrips longisetosus; (119) Gemmathrips brevis; (120) Rosingothrips ommatus; (121) Zelotothrips fuscipennis.

FIGURES 38–42. Phlaeothripinae genera. (38) Gynaikothrips uzeli, head & pronotum. Gigantothrips spp. 39–42: (39) pontis, tergite III; (40) elegans, pronotum; (41) xynos; (42) elegans, tergites III–IV.

FIGURES 122–125. Phlaeothripinae genera. Head & pronotum: (122) Liophlaeothrips ablusus; (123) Cephalothrips monilicornis; (124) Psephenothrips leptoceras; (125) Praepodothrips causiapeltus.

FIGURES 134–142. Phlaeothripinae genera. Antennae 134–138: (134) Acanthothrips nodicornis; (135) Propealiothrips moundi; (136) Haplothrips ganlbaueri; (137) Haplothrips clarisetis; (138) Xylaplothrips inquilinus; Tergites IX–X 139–141: (139) Xylaplothrips inquilinus; (140) Praepodothrips causiapeltus; (141) Podothrips ferruginenus. (142) Myopothrips symplocobius, fore tibiae.

FIGURES 126–129. Liothrips-lineage. Head & pronotum: (126) Eugynothrips brevisetis; (127) Phenicothrips siamensis; (128) Leeuwenia caelatrix; (129) Phasmothrips asperatus.

FIGURES 108–112. Phlaeothripinae genera. Head & pronotum 108–109: (108) Logadothrips karnyellus; (109) Pnigmothrips medanensis. Sumatrothrips filiceps 110–111:(110) head; (111) pronotum. (112) Glenothrips biuncinatus, fore tibiae.

FIGURES 113–117. Phlaeothripinae genera. Trichinothrips breviceps 113, 114, 116: (113) head, pronotum & foreleg; (114) antenna; (116) ventral view of thorax. (115) Xylaplothrips bogoriensis, antenna; (117) Eothrips crassicornis, head & pronotum.

FIGURES 49–54. Phlaeothripinae genera. Haplothrips 49–51: (49) subgenus Haplothrips, forewing; (50) Ventral view of thorax; (51) subgenus Trybomiella, forewing. Liothrips vaneeckei 52–53: (52) Ventral view of thorax; (53) Forewing. (54) Mesothrips jordani, ventral view of thorax.

FIGURES 55–60. Haplothripini. (55) Karnyothrips melaleucus, head, pronotum & foreleg; (56) Mesothrips jordani, head; (57) Sinuothrips hasta, head; (58) Podothrips ferrugineus, head, pronotum & foreleg; (59) Podothrips sasacola, ventral view of thorax; (60) Dyothrips pallescens, head & pronotum.

FIGURES 34–37. Phlaeothripinae genera. Dolichothrips longicollis 34–35: (34) Head & pronotum; (35) Ventral view of thorax. Eurhynchothrips messuicola 36–37: (36) Ventral view of thorax; (37) Head & pronotum.

FIGURES 97–103. Terthrothrips spp. Head, pronotum & fore leg 97–98: (97) ananthakrishnani; (98) strasseni. Antennal segments 99–101: (99) ananthakrishnani, VII–VIII; (100) ananthakrishnani, III–VIII; (101) strasseni, III–VIII. Abdominal segments 102–103: (102) strasseni, sternites V–VIII; (103) strasseni, tergites VI–VIII.