Notoalona globulosa ( Daday, 1898 ), 1987
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4615.3.5 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:290502EB-A15A-4699-B063-BDB7084A90C1 |
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https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4B4BC250-FF8B-377B-FF0D-02310FB7FD3E |
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Plazi |
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scientific name |
Notoalona globulosa ( Daday, 1898 ) |
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Notoalona globulosa ( Daday, 1898) View in CoL
( Figs. 1–5 View FIGURE 1 View FIGURE 2 View FIGURE 3 View FIGURE 4 View FIGURE 5 )
Alona globulosa Daday, 1898 in Daday 1898: p. 37 –38, figs. 16a–c.
Notoalona globulosa ( Daday, 1898) in Rajapaksa & Fernando 1987a: p. 132 View in CoL –138, figs. 1–40.
Indialona globulosa ( Daday, 1898) in Michael & Sharma 1988: p. 225 , figs. 78c–f.
Indialona globulosa ( Daday, 1898) in Venkataraman 1992: p. 142 , figs. 6–10.
Notoalona globulosa ( Daday, 1898) in Kotov et al. 2013: p. 28 View in CoL , figs. 12f–j.
Etymology. Species epithet means rounded, abrupt ( Daday 1898).
Type locality. Swamps near Kalawewa lakes, Sri Lanka ( Daday 1898).
Type material.
Lectotype. A parthenogenetic female marked by circle on slide, DAD II/P-674.
Paralectotypes. 3 females on the same slide with lectotype, DAD II/P-674; 4 females, DAD II/P-674; 3 females, DAD II/P-675; 10 females, DAD II/P-676, few females, DAD II/P-677; II/P-678. Lectotype and paralectotypes were selected by D.G. Frey ( Forró & Frey 1982).
Material studied from South East Asia.
Thailand: 3 parthenogenetic females from a big pond near Sisom village, Tambon Pakhai region, Thong Saen Khan District , Uttaradit Province, coll. 04.04.2003 by A.A. Kotov, S. Lekchan & N. Phukham, AAK 2003-054; 1 parthenogenetic female from a channel near the road, Muang District , Phitsanulok Province, coll. 04.04.2003 by A.A. Kotov, S. Lekchan & N. Phukham, AAK 2003-055; 10 parthenogenetic females from Paddy field, near Phitsanulok, floodplain of the River Nan, Phitsanulok Province, coll. 27.09.1996 by L. Sanoamuang, AAK 2004-050.
Laos: 3 parthenogenetic females from Vientiane Province, coll. by S. Siboualipha, AAK 2012-054; 3 parthenogenetic females from Vientiane Province, coll. by S. Siboualipha, AAK 2012-060.
Redescription. Parthenogenetic female. General. Body subglobular ( Figs. 1A View FIGURE 1 , 2 View FIGURE 2 A–C), without expressed dorsal keel, maximum height anterior to body middle (body height/length ratio about 0.85 for all investigated specimens). In dorsal and anterior view body compressed laterally ( Figs. 2 View FIGURE 2 D–H). In lateral view, dorsal margin uniformly curved, depression between head and rest of body absent, dorsal contour never broken near head pores ( Figs. 1A View FIGURE 1 , 2 View FIGURE 2 A–C). Posterodorsal angle of valve expressed, posterodorsal margin weakly convex or almost straight ( Figs. 1A, E View FIGURE 1 , 2 View FIGURE 2 A–C). A row of fine setules (different in size: alternating short and long setules) at inner face of posteroventral margin. Posteroventral angle broadly rounded, provided with 3–4 clusters of short reinforced setules ( Figs. 1E, F View FIGURE 1 ). Ventral margin convex, covered by setae of different size: setae long in anterior portion, then gradually decreasing in size to the middle of margin and then abruptly becoming longer again, decreasing in size to posterior end ( Figs. 1E, G View FIGURE 1 ). Anteroventral angle rounded ( Figs. 1E, H View FIGURE 1 ). Valve with moderately developed sculpture, consisting of diagonal lines ( Figs. 2 View FIGURE 2 A–E, G–H).
Head small, not keeled, triangular in the lateral view, with convex dorsal margin ( Figs. 1 View FIGURE 1 A–B, 2A–C, 3A–B). Rostrum well-expressed, relatively blunt ( Figs. 2 View FIGURE 2 A–H, 3A–D). Eye significantly larger than ocellus. Distance from tip of rostrum to ocellus slightly greater than distance between ocellus and eye ( Figs. 1 View FIGURE 1 A–B, 2A–C). No major median head pore(s). Two small head pores located on thickening bean-like hills ( Figs. 1C View FIGURE 1 , 2 View FIGURE 2 E–F, 3E–F).
Labrum broadly curved anteriorly with setulated labral plate. Apex of keel rounded with small denticles or notches ( Fig. 1D View FIGURE 1 ).
Thorax relatively long, abdomen short ( Fig. 1A View FIGURE 1 ).
Postabdomen moderately tapered distally in lateral view, postabdomen length/height ratio about 2.6 ( Figs. 1I View FIGURE 1 , 4A View FIGURE 4 , C–D). In dorsal view, postabdomen flat ( Fig. 4B View FIGURE 4 ). Ventral margin almost straight ( Figs. 1I View FIGURE 1 , 4A View FIGURE 4 ). Preanal margin short; length of anal margin almost equal to that of preanal margin, postanal margin about 1.8 times longer than anal margin ( Figs. 1I View FIGURE 1 , 4A View FIGURE 4 ). Preanal and postanal angles well-expressed ( Figs. 1I View FIGURE 1 , 4A View FIGURE 4 ). Basis of claw slightly inflated, bordered from distal margin by a clear incision ( Figs. 1I View FIGURE 1 , 4A View FIGURE 4 , C–D). Postanal part of postabdomen armed with groups of small marginal denticles, anal margin covered by 3 groups of such denticles ( Figs. 1I View FIGURE 1 , 4A View FIGURE 4 , C–D). Marginal denticles in these groups slightly decreasing in size from postanal to anal margin ( Figs. 1I View FIGURE 1 , 4A View FIGURE 4 , C–D). Groups of tiny setules on postanal and anal margins between groups of marginal denticles ( Figs. 1I View FIGURE 1 , 4A View FIGURE 4 , C–D). On postanal margin, the distalmost setule of each group the longest, the groups of setules form a row parallel to dorsal margin of postabdo- men ( Figs. 1I View FIGURE 1 , 4A View FIGURE 4 , C–E). This row continues on the anal margin, and setules in groups of this margin are subequal in length ( Figs. 1I View FIGURE 1 , 4A View FIGURE 4 ).
Postabdominal claw long and narrow (subequal in length to anal margin of postabdomen), and slightly curved ( Figs. 1 View FIGURE 1 I–K, 4A, C–E). External side of claw armed by a row of fine denticles, subequal in thickness and gradually decreasing in length distally ( Figs. 1J View FIGURE 1 , 4A View FIGURE 4 , C–E). Internal side of claw with a row of teeth more robust in the proximal part and decreasing in size distally ( Figs. 1K View FIGURE 1 , 4 View FIGURE 4 B–G). Basal spine short, almost subequal in size to bases of claws ( Figs. 1 View FIGURE 1 I–K, 4A, C–E). A bunch of short fine setules near basal spine ( Figs. 4B, G View FIGURE 4 ) (although in some specimens this bunch was not found probably due to problems with its preservation during dissection, or presence/ absence of this bunch is a kind of variability between individuals).
Antenna I relatively long and narrow (length/diameter at base about 3), fusiform, not reaching tip of rostrum ( Fig. 1L View FIGURE 1 ). Antennular sensory seta slender, longer than antennular body, arising subdistally. All aesthetasc tips project beyond the tip of the rostrum. Two aesthetascs slightly longer than others ( Fig. 1L View FIGURE 1 ).
Antenna II relatively short ( Fig. 1A View FIGURE 1 ). Antennal formula: setae 0-0-3/1-1-3, spines 1-0-1/0-0-1. Coxal part fold- ed, with two sensory setae significantly different in size ( Fig. 1M View FIGURE 1 ). Basal segment robust, weakly setulated with very short spine on anterior surface of segment between branches of antenna II. Branches elongated, subequal in size, all their segments cylindrical, with rows of fine setules. Apical setae long for a chydorid (three times longer than antennal branch), setulated ( Fig. 1M View FIGURE 1 ). Seta arising from basal segment of endopod thin and short (not reaching tip of endopod). Seta from middle endopod segment shorter than apical setae. Spine on basal segment of exopod very short. Spines of both apical segments short, each slightly longer than spine on exopod basal segment ( Fig. 1M View FIGURE 1 ).
Thoracic limbs: five pairs ( Figs. 5 View FIGURE 5 A–I).
Limb I large ( Figs. 5 View FIGURE 5 A–B). Accessory seta was not found. Outer distal lobe conical and relatively large, bearing a small hillock near base and a single long bisegmented seta with distal segment finely setulated ( Fig. 5A View FIGURE 5 ). Inner distal lobe with three bisegmented setae differing in length, distal segments of each seta armed unilaterally by robust denticles ( Figs. 5 View FIGURE 5 A–B). Near the base of smallest IDL seta a sensillum is located, a group of setules on IDL outer face ( Figs. 5 View FIGURE 5 A–B). Limb corm almost rectangular in lateral view, setulated ( Fig. 5A View FIGURE 5 ). Endite 4 with three posterior setae (two of them, seta a and seta b subequal in size and covered by fine setules, seta 3 shorter and covered by more robust setules) and a single anterior seta 1 (feathered by long fine setules) ( Fig. 5A View FIGURE 5 ). Endite 3 with three posterior setae (among them seta d short, setae e and f relatively long, subequal in size) and a single anterior seta 2, represented by a small bisegmented sensillum ( Fig. 5A View FIGURE 5 ). Endite 2 with two posterior seta subequal in length and single short and bifurcated anterior seta 3 ( Fig. 5A View FIGURE 5 ). Endite 1 (maxillar process) with a single, relatively long bisegmented seta ( Fig. 5A View FIGURE 5 ). Two ejector hooks small, setulated, unequal in size ( Fig. 5A View FIGURE 5 ).
Limb II triangular-rounded ( Fig. 5C View FIGURE 5 ). Exopodite ovoid, densely setulated, without setae. Inner portion of limb II with eight scrapers, decreasing in size proximally (towards gnathobase). Deep incision present between endite 2 and endite 1. Gnathobase (= endite 1) portion bordering endite 2 somewhat inflated and setulated ( Fig. 5C View FIGURE 5 ). Distal armature of gnathobase includes four elements: seta 1 represented by a small sensillum, seta 2 relatively long and setae 3 and 4 short and subequal in size. Filter plate with seven setae, increasing in length proximally ( Fig. 5C View FIGURE 5 ).
Limb III ( Figs. 5 View FIGURE 5 D–F) with an ovoid epipodite, exopodite subrectangular, with two bilaterally setulated lateral setae and five distal setae, one of them the longest ( Fig. 5D View FIGURE 5 ). Distal endite (in terms of Kotov 2013) with three anterior setae (1, 2, 3) and a small sensillum near base of seta 1 ( Fig. 5E View FIGURE 5 ). Under light microscope, armature of these setae are not distinguishable. Proximal endite with four soft anterior setae, a single posterior sensillum and four posterior setae. Distal armature of gnathobase with a thick sensillum, two relatively long setae and a very small sensillum ( Fig. 5F View FIGURE 5 ). Filter plate with seven setae, distalmost seta shorter than others ( Fig. 5D View FIGURE 5 ).
Limb IV ( Figs. 5 View FIGURE 5 G–H) with ovoid densely setulated preepipodite and ovoid epipodite supplied by a long fingerlike projection. Exopodite rounded, with three distal and three lateral setae ( Fig. 5G View FIGURE 5 ). Inner distal portion with four anterior setae, among them distalmost seta 1 stout, three other setae with inflated basal segments and long setules; three posterior setae relatively long ( Fig. 5G View FIGURE 5 ). Distal armature of gnathobase with three elements: a thick sensillum and two small reduced setae ( Fig. 5H View FIGURE 5 ). Filter plate with five setae, distalmost seta shorter than others ( Fig. 5G View FIGURE 5 ).
Limb V ( Fig. 5I View FIGURE 5 ) with ovoid densely setulated preepipodite and ovoid epipodite supplied by a finger-like projection. Exopodite ovoid, with three lateral setae, distal seta was not found (similar to the situation described by Van Damme et al. (2013a) in N. pseudomacronyx ). Inner portion of limb with wide, oval inner lobe densely covered by setules ( Fig. 5I View FIGURE 5 ). Two setae unequal in length near base of this lobe. Filter plate was not found, but some protuberances were distinguishable, representing a distal armature of gnathobase ( Fig. 5I View FIGURE 5 ).
Ephippial female, male. No ephippial females and males were found in our material; their descriptions are in Rajapaksa & Fernando (1987a). Size. In our material, adult parthenogenetic females were up to 0.42 mm in length and 0.38 mm in height. Variability. No significant variability was found between investigated South East Asian populations. The shape of the labral apex may be slightly variable due to different number of notches, as this was pointed for other species of Notoalona (e.g. Rajapaksa & Fernando 1987a). Some minor variability could be noted concerning the degree of development of the setules bunch near the postabdominal basal spine, but this feature is on the resolution limit for dissection of a restricted number of specimens from natural populations. This fine feature requires more close investigation, probably, in a monoclonal culture on abundant material.
Differential diagnosis. N. globulosa in the Old World tropics could be confused with N. pseudomacronyx , but it could be reliably distinguished from N. pseudomacronyx by the short postabdominal basal spine (for detailed comparison see Table 1 View TABLE 1 ).
Taxonomic remarks. Rajapaksa & Fernando (1987a) proposed to distinguish two subspecies of N. globulosa . In their opinion, N. globulosa globulosa is distributed in the tropics of the Old World, including Africa (but see below our analysis of the African populations). Australia according to aforementioned authors is inhabited by an- other subspecies, N. globulosa australiensis Rajapaksa & Fernando, 1987 . The morphological differences between parthenogenetic females of all listed taxa are exclusively fine and mainly related to the armature of the postabdominal claw (see here in Table 1 View TABLE 1 and in Rajapaksa & Fernando (1987a)), but they may be easily confused under light microscope. At the same time, morphology of ephippial females and males of both subspecies are basically similar (see here in Table 1 View TABLE 1 and in Rajapaksa & Fernando (1987a)). In our opinion, there is no need to subdivide N. globulosa into two subspecies, although type material of N. globulosa australiensis was not reexamined here and we have to consider this taxon as N. globulosa s.l. In any case, discrimination between populations from tropical Asia and Australia seems problematic based on morphology of parthenogenetic, gamogenetic females and males, therefore genetic methods are urgently needed.
Distribution and ecology. N. globulosa s.l. is known from tropical Asia to Australia, although the number of records (supported by figures of the postabdominal claws) is not large ( Rajapaksa & Fernando 1987a; Michael & Sharma 1988; Venkataraman 1992; Kotov et al. 2013). Due to its small size, N. globulosa could be confused or misidentified with some other chydorids during the rapid routine sample analysis under binocular stereoscopic microscopes. According to our observation and literature ( Daday 1898; Rajapaksa & Fernando 1987a; Michael & Sharma 1988; Venkataraman 1992; Kotov et al. 2013), this taxon is associated with temporary large pools covered by vegetation, wet vicinities of lakes and rivers, but its ecology must be clarified in the future.
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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Notoalona globulosa ( Daday, 1898 )
| Neretina, Anna N., Kotov, Alexey A. & Damme, Kay Van 2019 |
Notoalona globulosa ( Daday, 1898 )
| in Kotov et al. 2013: 28 |
Indialona globulosa ( Daday, 1898 )
| in Venkataraman 1992: 142 |
Indialona globulosa ( Daday, 1898 )
| in Michael & Sharma 1988: 225 |
Notoalona globulosa ( Daday, 1898 )
| in Rajapaksa & Fernando 1987: 132 |
Alona globulosa
| Daday, 1898 in Daday 1898 |