Calima embera, Moreno-González & Villarreal M, 2017

Moreno-González, Jairo A. & Villarreal M, Osvaldo, 2017, Two new species of Calima Moreno-González and Villarreal, 2012 (Arachnida: Schizomida: Hubbardiidae) from the Colombian Andes, with a discussion on the male flagellar microsetae of Hubbardiinae, Journal of Natural History 51 (45 - 46), pp. 2681-2700 : 2685-2691

Calima embera sp. nov.

( Figures 1 (a), 2–5, 8–9, Table 1)

Type material

Holotype (MUSENUV 27574): COLOMBIA: Risaralda department: One adult male from Santuario municipality, Natural Park San Rafael Plains ( Planes de San Rafael ), 2158 m asl, 5°7’34“N, 76°0’26.4“W, daylight manual capture, collected in a 2 m 2 area under a rotten log with humus, 17 October 2012, J. A. Moreno . Paratypes: one adult male (MUSENUV 24623) one subadult male (MUSENUV 27578) and seven adult females (MUSENUV 27575, MUSENUV 24624, MUSENUV 24625, MUSENUV 24626, MUSENUV 27576, MUSENUV 27577, MUSENUV 27579), same data as the holotype.

Etymology

This species is named after the Emberá, a native tribe that prevails in Panama and Colombia, in honour to its strength and to encourage them to keep their ancestral knowledge.

Diagnosis

This species shares with C. bremensis and C. valenciorum , a male flagellum sub-rhomboidal shaped ( Figure 3 (a,b,d,e)). It differs from them by having lateral margins of the male flagellum bulb abruptly narrowed distally in dorsal view ( Figure 3 (a, d)), whereas in those species the lateral margins of the bulbs are sub-parallel ( Moreno-González and Villarreal 2012: figs 4, 7, 24, 27). Calima embera shares with C. valenciorum the presence of a Dms before the seta Dm4 ( Figure 3 (f)), which is absent in C. bremensis ( Moreno-González and Villarreal 2012: figs 5, 8), but differs from C. valenciorum by having the setae Dl2 anterior to Vl1 ( Figure 3 (f)), a condition shared with C. bremensis , whereas C. valenciorum have Dl2 almost at the same level of Vl1. Females of C. embera share with C. bremensis the condition of spermathecal lobes with separated bases and rounded bulbs, but differ by having spermathecal lobes C-like shaped with short stalks, subequal in length to the bulb length ( Figure 5 (i)), whereas C. bremensis have spermathecal lobes comma-like shaped with long stalks, at least three times the length of the bulb length ( Moreno-González and Villarreal 2012: fig. 22).

Description

Male holotype (MUSENUV 27574) ( Figure 2 (a,b)). Coloration (in ethanol 70%): general pattern dark greenish-brown. Chelicerae reddish and flagellum light brownish.

Pedipalps: trochanter, femur, patella and tibia light reddish-brown; tarsus dark reddishbrown. Anterior and posterior sterna light greenish-brown. Legs: coxae and trochanters I–IV, light greenish-brown; femora and patellae I–IV, dark greenish-brown; tibiae II–IV dark greenish-brown, except for tibia I that is dark reddish-brown; tarsi II–IV light greenish-brown, except for tarsus I that is light reddish-brown. All body setation dark reddish-brown.

Prosoma ( Figure 2 (a)). Anterior process of propeltidium with two setae (one behind the other) followed by three pairs of dorsosubmedian setae; eyespot sub-oval; metapeltidium entire. Anterior sternum with 4 + 7 setae and posterior sternum with seven setae. Measurements are shown in Table 1.

Chelicerae ( Figure 3 (j,k)). Movable finger ( Figure 3 (j)) sharp and curved distally, serrula, composed of 19 hyaline teeth, increasing in size towards distal region, guard tooth and lamella present. Fixed finger ( Figure 3 (k)) with six similarly sized teeth between two large outer ones. Setation: G1 (setae group 1) with three spatulate setae, one (most dorsal) with basal surface almost smooth, two remaining with basal surface covered with almost four longitudinal rows of spinose spicules; G2 composed of five feathered setae, all subequal in length and longer than movable finger length; G3 with four setae subequal in length, each one consisting of dorsal feathered and ventral serrated surfaces; G4 consisting of two smooth, short and thick setae with thin apex; G5A with nine setae subequal in length, feathered apically and longer than the movable finger length; G5B with 10 setae, feathered apically and longer than G5A setae length; G6 with one smooth seta longer than half of movable finger length; G7 with six setae feathered from the middle to its apex, decreasing in size from proximal to distal. Setal group formula (G1:G2: G3:G4:G5A:G5B:G6:G7): 3-5-4-2-9-10-1-6.

Pedipalp ( Figure 3 (g)). All segments smooth, without armature. 1.8 times longer than propeltidium length. Trochanter: with mesal spur, two times longer than high, with an apical process rounded and not projected; with one ventral row of large setae, with an intermediate row of small setae over the external face; internal face with a row of three setae over the ventral edge, and two setae over the dorsal edge. Femur: subcylindrical, two times longer than high, dorsal edge two times longer than ventral edge, thinner at base and wider at apex; ventral edge on external surface with setae Fv1 and Fv2 well developed and near each other, external surface more laterally with Fe1 and Fe2, not near each other ( Figure 3 (g)); internal surface with a row of ventral setae Fvr1–3 and with two dorsal setae Fd1 and Fd2 ( Figure 3 (h)). Patella: cylindrical, 2.2 times longer than high, distal edge 1.3 times longer than basal edge of segment, ventral region with setae Pe3, Pe4 and Pe5, Pe4 small located medially at the same level as Pe5, also with setae Pm 1–5 in a row except for Pm3, which was located medially ( Figure 3 (i)), all feathered distally and not spiniform. Tibia: Cylindrical, three times longer than high, base as high as patella; thin and longer than patella, ventral region with setae Ter4–6, not feathered distally and not spiniform, with small Tm setae, and with setae Tmr3–5 and Tir2–5 ( Figure 3 (i)), all feathered distally and not spiniform. Tarsus: three times longer than high, approximately half the length of tibia; tarsal claw sharp and curved, length subequal to the length of tarsus; tarsal spurs asymmetrical.

Opisthosoma ( Figure 2 (a,b)). Setae: Tergite I with two pairs of microsetae; Tergite II with three pairs of microsetae. Tergites I–IX each with one pair of large Dm setae; tergites VIII–IX each with one pair of Dl2 setae. Sternites I–III each with a row of scatered microsetae; sternite IV with seta Vm1 and setae Vm2, Vl1A, Vl1B and Vl2; sternites V–VIII with setae Vm2, Vl1 and Vl2; sternite IX the same setae as for sternites V–VIII but with seta Vm1. Segment X with seta Vm1 and setae Vm2, Vl1 and Vl2; segment XI with seta Vm1 and setae Vm2, Vl1 and Dl1; segment XII with setae Dm, Dl1 and Dl2, Vm2, Vl2, Vl1A and Vl1B. Segment XII without posterodorsal process. Respiratory spiracles large and oval, slightly sclerotized and darker than sternites.

Flagellum ( Figure 3 (a–f)). Dorsoventrally flattened, sub-rhomboidal and short, with lateral margins of the bulb abruptly narrowed distally in dorsal view; 1.3 times longer than wide and 4.3 times longer than pedicel length. With one pair of shallow, wide and not marked dorso-submedian depressions between the level of Vm3 and Vm5; without any dorsal swelling, except for a single dorsomedian swelling (Dms) before the setae Dm4. Setation: Vm1 at same level as Dm1; pair Vm2 absent; pair Vm3 distal to Vm1 level; Dl2 positioned proximal to Vl1; Vm5 proximal to Dm4; Vl2 proximal to Dl3 level. With one irregular patch composed of seven or eight microsetae distal to Vl1 to same level as Dl3. With one pair of dorsosubmedian microsetae between Dm1 and Dl2, and one pair of lateral microsetae over the pedicel (see Discussion).

Female description

Paratype (MUSENUV 27579). General coloration ( Figure 4 (a,b)), setation, chelicerae ( Figure 5 (g,h)) and pedipalp, same as male.

Flagellum ( Figure 5 (a–f)). With four flagellomeres and three annuli, 5.8 times longer than wide. Flagellomere I without setation; flagellomere II with Dm1, Vm1 present and at the same level, Vm2 absent; flagellomere III with Dl1 (microsetae) proximal to Vm3; flagellomere IV with Vl1 proximal to Vm5 and Dl2, Dl2 between level of Vl1 and Vm5, Dm4 between Dl1 and Dl3; Vl2 proximal to Dl3 and distal to Dm4, Dl4 (microsetae) proximal to Dl3 and at the same level as Vl2.

Spermathecae ( Figure 5 (i)). One pair of C-like shaped lobes, whose bases are separated and its apex is directed to the median region; with short stalks subequal in length to the bulb length, stalks with distinct terminal large, rounded bulbs; bulbs with dorsal eminence (De) pronounced dorsally and covered with numerous duct openings over its surface; sclerotized duct (Sd) present.

Distribution

This species is only known from its type locality: Parque Natural Regional Planes de San Rafael (Natural Park San Rafael Plains), Santuario municipality, Risaralda department, located in the Western Colombian Andes ( Figures 8 , 9 ) .

Variation

Among adult males (n = 2): Total length 3.28–3.55 (mean = 3,41), length of propeltidium 1.48–1.58 (mean = 1.53), flagellum length/width ratio 1.12–1.22 (MUSENUV 24623, MUSENUV 27574). Among adult females (n = 7): Total length 3.00–4.00 (mean = 3.42), length of propeltidium 1.38–1.75 (mean = 1.23), posterior sternum with five setae (n = 2) and with six setae (n = 5) (MUSENUV 24624, MUSENUV 24625, MUSENUV 24626, MUSENUV 27576, MUSENUV 27577, MUSENUV 27575, MUSENUV 27579).

Natural history

All specimens were collected within a Wet Forest ecosystem (Holdrigde, 1947) between

2000 and 2500 m asl ( Figure 9 (a)), under humus and rotten logs in the forest edge, within an area of approximately 2 m 2 ( Figure 9 (b–d)), to 20 cm under the surface. The specimens were observed in sympatry with springtails ( Entomobryidae and Paronellidae ), thysanurans ( Nicoletiidae ) and diplurans (Anajapyjidae and Campodeidae ), some of which are potential primary prey. Two females were collected with brooding attached to the opisthosoma (six juveniles each one); a juvenile male was observed inside a circular mud chamber (3 mm); however it was not possible to determine if it was a construction by the specimen or a product of the soil architecture. No individuals were observed in a secondary forest next to the road, the collected individuals were observed within a less impacted habitat 250–300 m inside the forest. A female was collected under a rock, where nests of Pachycondila sp. ( Formicidae : Ponerinae) and Pheidole sp. ( Formicidae : Myrmicinae) were found.

Figures

Figure 1. Genital sternites showing the size of the spermathecae among different species. (a) Calima embera sp. nov. (b) Calima bremensis. (c) Piaroa bacata. (d) Piaroa escalerete. Scale bars = 0.20 mm.

Figure 2. Calima embera sp. nov., male holotype. Habitus (a) Dorsal view. (b) Lateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Figure 3. Calima embera sp. nov., male holotype. (a–f) Flagellum. (a, d) Dorsal view. (b, e) Ventral view. Scale bars = 0.25 mm.(c,f) Lateral view.Scale bar = 0.20 mm. (g–i) Pedipalp.(g) Lateral view.(h) Femur and trochanter, mesal view. (i) Patella and tibia, ventral view. Scale bars = 0.25 mm. (j, k) Chelicerae (J) Movable finger,mesal view.(K) Fixed finger,mesal view.The previously named ‘Dm3’ macrosetae,now is under ‘NA’.

Figure 4. Calima embera sp. nov., female paratype (MUSENUV 27575). Habitus (a) Dorsal view. (b) Lateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Figure 5. Calima embera sp. nov., Female paratype (MUSENUV 27575). (a–f) Flagellum. (a, d) Dorsal view. (b, e) Ventral view. Scale bars = 0.25 mm. (c, f) Lateral view. Scale bar = 0.20 mm. (g, h) Chelicerae. (g) Movable finger, mesal view. (h) Fixed finger, mesal view. (i) Spermathecae. Scale bar = 0.10 mm. Abbreviations = (B) bulb; (De) dorsal eminence; (Do) duct openings; (Sd) sclerotized duct; (S) stalk.

Figure 8. Distribution records of the genus Calima Moreno-González and Villarreal, 2012.

Figure 9. Habitat of Calima embera sp. nov. in San Rafael Plains Natural Park, Risaralda, Colombia. (a) Montane wet forest. (b) Pathway through the forest. (c) Microhabitat, under rotten log with humus. (d) Live adult female.