Picea sp. 2
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/10.37520/fi.2023.004 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4D2487A3-EF57-826B-FE08-FB6E6AFAFD39 |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe (2024-01-10 22:00:26, last updated 2024-01-10 22:17:14) |
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scientific name |
Picea sp. 2 |
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Text-fig. 3e View Text-fig
M a t e r i a l. USNM PAL 776565, 776566.
L o c a l i t y. Tunnel Creek.
D e s c r i p t i o n. Winged seed linear 13.5–14.7 mm long, 6.2–6.9 mm wide; widest point of wing just distal of the halfway mark; wing encompasses most of seed body; seed body with concave notch on the proximal medial side; seed body obovate to elliptical 3.2–4.6 mm long, 1.6– 2.0 mm wide.
Comments on fossil Picea
Picea seeds have a distinctive concave notch on the proximal medial side ( Wolfe and Schorn 1990). Picea sp. 2 differs from Picea sp. 1 in being larger, with its widest point only slightly past the midpoint of the wing instead of more distal. The wing also encompasses more of the seed body. Pollen of Picea is recognized from the early Eocene Green River Formation ( Wodehouse 1933, Nichols 2010), the Chuckanut Formation of Washington ( Griggs 1970) and the Quilchena flora of British Columbia ( Mathewes et al. 2016). Macrofossils are known from the early Eocene Republic flora (Klondike Mountain Formation of Republic, Washington) ( Pigg et al. 2011), McAbee and Falkland floras of British Columbia ( Dillhoff et al. 2005, Smith et al. 2012), late Eocene Beaverhead Basin of Montana ( DeVore and Pigg 2010) and Florissant Formation of Colorado ( MacGinitie 1953), the Oligocene Creede Flora of Colorado ( Wolfe and Schorn 1990) and Ruby River Basin of Montana ( Becker 1961) . Axelrod (1998) initially recognized Picea coloradensis AXELROD , Picea deweyensis AXELROD , and Picea magna AXELROD , from the mid-Eocene Thunder Mountain flora of Idaho. The specimens assigned to these species were subsequently identified as another genus, indeterminate, cf. Picea or Picea sp. by Erwin and Schorn (2005). The presence of Picea suggests microthermal conditions; these seeds may have come from the surrounding mountains around the basin ( Dawson and Constenius 2018).
Axelrod, D. I. (1998): The Eocene thunder mountain flora of Central Idaho. - University of California Publications Geological Sciences, 142: 1 - 193.
Becker, H. F. (1961): Oligocene plants from the upper Ruby River Basin, southwestern Montana. - Geological Society of America Memoir, 82: 1 - 127. https: // doi. org / 10.1130 / mem 82 - p 1
Dawson, M. R., Constenius, K. N. (2018): Mammalian fauna of the middle Eocene Kishenehn Formation, Middle Fork of the Flathead River, Montana. - Annals of Carnegie Museum, 85 (1): 25 - 60. https: // doi. org / 10.2992 / 007.085.0103
DeVore, M. L., Pigg, K. B. (2010): Floristic composition and comparison of middle Eocene to late Eocene and Oligocene floras in North America. - Bulletin of Geosciences, 85 (1): 111 - 134. https: // doi. org / 10.3140 / bull. geosci. 1135
Dillhoff, R. M., Leopold, E. B., Manchester, S. R. (2005): The McAbee flora of British Columbia and its relation to the early - middle Eocene Okanagan Highlands flora of the Pacific Northwest. - Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 42: 151 - 166. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 04 - 084
Erwin, D. M., Schorn, H. E. (2005): Revisions of the conifers from the Eocene Thunder Mountain flora, Idaho, U. S. A. - Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 137: 125 - 145. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. revpalbo. 2005.09.002
Griggs, P. H. (1970): Palynological interpretation of the type section, Chuckanut formation, Northwestern Washington. - In: Kosanke, R. M., Cross, A. T. (eds), GSA Special Papers 127: Symposium on palynology of the Late Cretaceous and Tertiary, pp. 169 - 112. https: // doi. org / 10.1130 / spe 127 - p 169
MacGinitie, H. D. (1953): Fossil plants of the Florissant Beds, Colorado. - Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication, 599, 198 pp.
Mathewes, R. W., Greenwood, D. R., Archibald, S. B. (2016): Paleoenvironment of the Quilchena flora, British Columbia, during the early Eocene Climatic Optimum. - Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 53: 1 - 17. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / cjes- 2015 - 0163
Nichols, D. J. (2010): Reevaluation of the holotypes of the Wodehouse pollen species from the Green River Formation (Eocene, Colorado and Utah). - American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Contribution Series, 44, 97 pp.
Pigg, K. B., DeVore, M. L., Volkman, K. E. (2011): Fossil Plants from Republic: A Guidebook. - Stonerose Interpretive Center, Republic, Washington, 86 pp.
Smith, R. Y., Basinger, J. F., Greenwood, D. R. (2012): Early Eocene plant diversity and dynamics in the Falkland flora, British Columbia, Canada. - Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments, 92: 309 - 328. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12549 - 011 - 0061 - 5
Wodehouse, R. P. (1933): The oil shales of the Eocene Green River formation. - Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 60 (7): 479 - 524. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2480586
Wolfe, J. A., Schorn, H. E. (1990): Taxonomic revision of the Spermatopsida of the Oligocene Creede flora, Southern Colorado. - U. S. Geological Survey Bulletin, 1923: 1 - 69. https: // doi. org / 10.3133 / b 1923
Text-fig. 3. Pinaceae from the Kishenehn Formation. a: USNM PAL 621424 Abies sp. seed. Scale bar 5mm. b: USNM PAL 621991 Larix sp. winged seed. Scale bar 2mm. c: USNM PAL 622093cf. Larix sp. ovuliferous cone. Scale bar 3mm. d: USNM PAL 776558 Picea sp. 1 winged seed. Scale bar 3mm. e: USNM PAL 776565 Picea sp. 2 seed. Scale bar 5mm. f: USNM PAL 619964 Pinaceae Cone 1. Scale bar 1cm. g: USNM PAL 776557 Pinaceae Cone 2. Scale bar 1cm. h: USNM PAL 620025 Pinaceae Cone 3. Scale bar 1cm. i: USNM PAL 776556 Pinus sp. C1. Scale bar 2cm. j: DMNH EPI. 48178 Pinus sp. L1 3-leaf fascicle. Scale bar 2cm. k: USNM PAL 776570 Pinus sp. C2 Pinus subg. Strobus female cone. Scale bar 1cm. l: USNM PAL 621980 Pinus subg. Strobus, Pinus sp. S1 winged seed. Scale bar 3mm. m: USNM PAL 622300 Pinus subg. Strobus, Pinus sp. S1 winged seed. Scale bar 5mm. n: USNM PAL 776567 Pinus subg. Strobus, Pinus sp. S2 seed. Scale bar 2mm. o: USNM PAL 620785 Pinus subg. Strobus, Pinus sp. S3 winged seed, with seed body disarticulated. Scale bar 2mm. p: USNM PAL 626064 Pinus subg. Pinus female cone scale Pinus sp. C3. Scale
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