Coprinopsis vermiculifer (Joss. ex Dennis) Redhead, Vilgalys & Moncalvo

Melo, Roger Fagner Ribeiro, Chikowski, Renata Dos Santos, Miller, Andrew Nicholas & Maia, Leonor Costa, 2016, Coprophilous Agaricales (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota) from Brazil, Phytotaxa 266 (1), pp. 1-14 : 10

9. Coprinopsis vermiculifer (Joss. ex Dennis) Redhead, Vilgalys & Moncalvo , Taxon 50(1): 232 (2001)

( Figure 5 , a–e)

Closed pileus initially ellipsoid to subcylindrical, 5–6 × 3–4 mm, covered along its entire length by fibrillose velar fragments, giving it a cottony texture, whitish, greyish near the center. Expanded pileus conical to campanulate, 7–13 mm in diameter, becoming flattened, with revolute margin, initially whitish, becoming gray to dark gray with maturation. Lamellae free, initially white, becoming brownish to black, poorly distinguishable. Stipe central, cylindrical to slightly clavate at the base, hollow, finely fibrillose, whitish, 25–32 mm long, 0.5–1 mm in diameter. Ring absent. Volva absent. Pileipellis comprises hyphal elements, hyaline, from where emerges filaments of veil remnants, mainly on their center, spreading radially towards the edge, grouped into small scales in the center, giving a brownish appearance, plicate-sulcate, with sulcate margin. Veil composed of filamentous elements in chains, 5–7.5 mm in diameter, gradually decreasing towards the apex, with terminal elements with a thickened wall, hyaline, smooth. Cheilocystidia 30–40 × 20–25 μm, subglobose to ellipsoid, thin-walled, smooth. Pleurocystidia not observed. Clamp connections present. Basidia 4-spored, interspersed with hyphidial elements. Basidiospores broadly ellipsoid to ovoid in frontal view, reddish-brown to brown, 8.4–12 × 6–7.2 μm, flat, with a central germ pore.

Material examined: — BRAZIL. Pernambuco, Instituto Agronômico de Pernambuco ( IPA), Caruaru , on horse dung, 27 Sep 2011, R.F. R. Melo ( URM86804 !) ; Instituto Agronômico de Pernambuco ( IPA), Serra Talhada, on horse dung, 14 Oct 2011, R.F. R. Melo ( URM86805 !), 24 Oct 2011, R.F. R. Melo ( URM86806 a!, 86806b!, 86806c!) .

Distribution: —Africa ( Namibia), Europe ( England, Norway) and Oceania ( Australia). This is the first record from Brazil.

Notes: — Coprinopsis vermiculifer is a relatively rare species with few records in the literature. It is distinguished by its veil remnants composed of filamentous elements, whose last cell has thick walls.

Figures

FIGURE 5. Coprinopsis vermiculifer a. Habit of basidiomata on dung. b. Basidiomata. c. Filamentous elements of veil remnants. d. Cheilocystidia. e. Basidiospores. C. foetidellus f. Habit of basidiomata on dung. g. Basidiomata. h. Lamellae and lamellulae, showing the stipe insertion.i.Globular elements of veilremnants,ornamented with nipple-shapedcrystal projections.j. Cheilocystidia.k. Basidiospores. Scale bars: a, f=100 mm. b=2.5 mm. c=10 μm. d, j=7.5 μm. e, k=5 μm. g=2 mm. h=5 mm. i=25 μm. Figure: R.F.R. Melo.