Sparianthis ravida ( Simon, 1898 ) Rheims, 2020

Rheims, Cristina A., 2020, Revision of the spider genus Sparianthis Simon, 1880 (Araneae, Sparassidae Sparianthinae), Zootaxa 4890 (2), pp. 151-191 : 184-187

Sparianthis ravida ( Simon, 1898) comb. nov.

Figs 1 , 8, 10 , 128–142 , 144

Pseudosparianthis ravida Simon, 1898: 887

(Syntypes 2³, 2♀, St. Vincent [13.0000, -61.0000], MNHN 18948 , examined). World Spider Catalog 2020.

Additional material examined. ECUADOR. Orellana: 1♀, Tiputini Biodiversity Station, near Yasuni National Park ( Erwin Transect T/1 Sta. 1) (-0.6319, -76.1442), 8 February 1999, T.L. Erwin et al. leg. ( USNM) ; 1♀, same collection data as previous specimen, 24 October 1998 ( USNM) ; 1♀, Reserva Etnica Waorani (Transect Ent. 1km S Onkone gare Camp ) (-0.6571, -76.4530), 21 June 1994, T. L. Erwin et al. leg. ( USNM) . GUYANA. Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo: 1♀, 4.42km S Gunn`s Strip, bank of Essequibo River (-2.4728, -56.2082), 6–15 July 1999, J.A. Coddington et al. leg. ( USNM) . BRAZIL. Amazonas: 1♀, São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Rio Tiqué, Igarapé Araça [-0.0833, -68.4167], 12–18 May 1982, B. Mascarenhas leg. ( IBSP 20791 ) ; 1³, Novo Airão / Moura, Parque Nacional do Jaú [-2.2833, -63.1000], 2 July 2000, E.M. Venticinque leg. ( IBSP 39862 ) . Pará: 1³, Santa Bárbara do Pará, Parque Ecológico do Guma (-1.2122, -48.2911), 16 February 2010, G.H.F. Azevedo et al. leg. ( UFMG 9555 ) ; 1♀, Belém, Universidade Federal do Pará, Mata Betina (-1.4667, -48.4500), 9 April 2007, N.C. Bastos leg. ( MPEG 30758 ) ; 1♀, Juruti, Platô do Rio Juruti, Vale do Igarapé Mutum (-1.6124, -56.1942), 5 June 2007, N.F. Lo Man Hung leg. ( MPEG 15043 ) ; 1♀, Juruti, Acampamento Mutum (-1.6124, -56.1942), 8 August 2008, N.C. Bastos leg. ( MPEG 30662 ) ; 1³, same locality as previous specimen, 6 August 2008, N.C. Bastos leg. ( MPEG 30663 ) ; 1♀, same locality as previous specimen, 6 August 2008, N.F. Lo Man Hung leg. ( MPEG 30664 ) ; 1♀, same locality as previous specimen, 7 August 2008, N.F. Lo Man Hung leg. ( MPEG 30665 ) ; 1³, 6 February 2007, N.F. Lo Man Hung & J.A.P. Barreiros leg. ( MPEG 30689 ) ; 1³, same locality as previous specimen, 7 February 2007, J. A.P. Bar-reiros leg. ( MPEG 30702 ) ; 1³, same locality as previous specimen, 5 June 2007, N.F. Lo Man Hung leg. ( MPEG 30704 ) ; 1♀, same locality as previous specimen, 26 May 2009, N.C. Bastos leg. ( MPEG 30707 ) ; 1♀, same locality as previous specimen, 19 August 2011, R. F. Saturnino leg. ( MPEG 30777 ) ; 1♀, same locality as previous speci-men, 19 August 2011, N.C. Bastos leg. ( MPEG 30841 ) ; 1♀, Melgaço, Estação Científica Ferreira Penna, Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã [-1.7227, -51.4309], 11 August 1996, A.A. Lise et al. leg. ( MCTP 9408 ) ; 1♀, same locality as previous specimen, 21 April 2006, J.A.P. Barreiros leg. ( MPEG 23862 ) ; 1♀, same locality as previous specimen, 24 April 2006, R. B. Lopes leg.,( MPEG 23863 ) ; 1♀, same locality as previous specimen, 29 April 2006, Clésio leg. ( MPEG 23864 ) ; 1³, same locality as previous specimen, 29 April 2006, N.S. Abrahim leg. ( MPEG 23865 ) ; 1³, same locality as previous specimen, 26 April 2006, Clésio leg. ( MPEG 23866 ) ; 1♀, same locality as previous specimen, 8 November 2005, B.C. Araújo leg. ( MPEG 23867 ) ; 1♀, same locality as previous specimen, 13 Feb-ruary 2002, A.B. Bonaldo leg. ( MPEG 9596 ) ; 1♀, same locality as previous specimen, 4 November 2002, J.A.P. Barreiros & A.B. Bonaldo leg. ( MPEG 9647 ) ; 1♀, same locality as previous specimen, 18 November 2005, J.H.C. Cordeiro leg. ( MPEG 23868 ) ; 1³, Moju, Campo Experimental EMBRAPA (-2.1697, -48.7966), 17 September 2011, M.B. Aguiar-Neto leg. ( MPEG 30675 ) ; 1♀, Juruti, Ferrovia Km 22 [-2.2167, -56.0833], 7 February 2007, A. Lima & F. Pimenta leg. ( MPEG 30698 ) ; 1♀, Juruti, Sítio Barroso (-2.4616, -56.0032), 6 June 2007, D.F Candiani leg. ( MPEG 15042 ) ; 1♀, same locality as previous specimen, 7 June 2007, N.F. Lo Man Hung leg. ( MPEG 15047 ) ; 1♀, 16 November 2007, N.F. Lo Man Hung leg. ( MPEG 15048 ) ; 1³, same locality as previous specimen, 6 June 2007, D.F Candiani leg. ( MPEG 30703 ) ; 1³, same locality as previous specimen, 12 August 2008, L. T. Miglio leg. ( MPEG 30659 ) ; 1³, same locality as previous specimen, 8 February 2007, J.A.P. Barreiros leg. ( MPEG 30691 ) ; 2³, same locality as previous specimen, 11 February 2007, N.F. Lo Man Hung leg. ( MPEG 30692 , 30694 ) ; 1♀, same locality as previous specimen, 8 February 2007, J.A.P. Barreiros leg. ( MPEG 30695 ) ; 1³, same locality as previous specimen, 8 February 2007, J.A.P. Barreiros leg. ( MPEG 30699 ) ; 1♀, same locality as previous speci-men, 11 February 2007, J.A.P. Barreiros leg. ( MPEG 30697 ) ; 1³, Juruti, Platô Capiranga, Linha 168E (-2.4728, -56.2082), 17 November 2007, C.M. Souza leg. ( MPEG 15041 ) ; 1♀, same locality as previous specimen, 9 June 2007, N.F. Lo Man Hung leg. ( MPEG 15044 ) ; 2♀, same locality as previous specimen, 8 June 2007, N.F. Lo Man Hung leg. ( MPEG 15045 , 15046 ) ; 2♀, same locality as previous specimen, 10 August 2008, N.F. Lo Man Hung leg. ( MPEG 30660 , 30661 ) ; 1³, same locality as previous specimen, 10 February 2007, N.F. Lo Man Hung leg. ( MPEG 30700 ) ; 1♀, same locality as previous specimen, 10 February 2007, J.A.P. Barreiros leg. ( MPEG 30701 ) ; 1♀, same locality as previous specimen, 9 August 2006, D.F Candiani leg. ( MPEG 8565 ) ; 1³, Juruti, Platô Capiranga, Linha 168E (-2.5071, -56.1847), 10 February 2007, N.F. Lo Man Hung leg. ( MPEG 30696 ) ; 1♀, Juruti, Beneficiamento, Ponto 1 (-2.5076, -56.1776), 20 February 2011, N.C. Bastos leg. ( MPEG 30804 ) ; 2♀, Juruti, Acampamento Mu-tum (-2.5550, -56.2229), 19 February 2011, N.F. Lo Man Hung leg. ( MPEG 30812 ) ; 1³, same locality as previous specimen, 5 January 2012, R. F. Saturnino leg. ( MPEG 30835 ) ; 1♀, same locality as previous specimen, 6 Janu-ary 2012, N.C. Bastos leg. ( MPEG 30842 ) ; 1♀, same locality as previous specimen, 11 August 2010, N.C. Bastos leg. ( MPEG 30850 ) ; 1♀, same locality as previous specimen, 20 February 2011, B. V. B. Rodrigues leg. ( MPEG 30851 ) ; 1♀, Juruti, Platô do Rio Juruti, Vale do Igarapé Mutum (-2.6031, -56.2101), 5 August 2004, D.F Candiani leg. ( MPEG 8664 ) ; 1♀, Juruti, Acampamento Mutum (-2.6127, -56.1939), 12 February 2007, J.A.P. Barreiros leg. ( MPEG 30690 ) ; 1³, Juruti, Acampamento Mutum (-2.6127, -56.1939), 12 February 2007, N.F. Lo Man Hung leg. ( MPEG 30693 ) ; Maranhão: 1³, Cândido Mendes, Fazenda Sete Irmãos (-1.8609, -45.7471), 11 May 2014, M.B. Aguiar-Neto leg. ( MPEG 30671 ) . PERU. Loreto: 2³, 2 juv., Requena, Jenaro Herera, Centro de Investigaciones Jenaro Herrera (-4.8667, -73.6500), 2 April 2013, C.A. Rheims & R. P. Indicatti leg. ( IBSP 165052 ) .

Diagnosis. Males of S. ravida resemble those of S. caracarai sp. nov. and S. chickeringi by the palp with mRTA represented by small, short, blunt projection, arising from tibia, close to vRTA ( Figs 34 , 50 , 139 ). They are distinguished from those of S. caracarai sp. nov. by slender embolus, with small sub-apical tooth (widened with subapical keel-like projection in S. caracarai sp. nov.) and from those of S. chickeringi by TBE with distal projection short and laminar and TBC wide, keel-like, covering base of conductor (TBC with distal projection gutter-shaped and TBC reduced to short keel, not covering base of conductor in S. chickeringi ) ( Fig. 138 ). Females resemble those of S. boraris sp. nov. and S. caracarai sp. nov. by the epigyne with anterior atrium smooth, as long as wide, or slightly longer than wide ( Figs 29 , 36 , 140 ). They are distinguished from S. boraris sp. nov. by median septum, widest posteriorly, with posterior margin straight or slightly sinuous and rounded spermathecae (median septum widest anteriorly, with posterior margin rounded and elongate spermathecae in S. boraris sp. nov.), and from S. caracarai sp. nov. by the anterior atrium larger than median septum and first turn anteriad (anterior atrium smaller than median septum and first turn mediad in S. caracarai sp. nov.) ( Figs 140–142 ).

Redescription. Male (MPEG 30696): Prosoma brown with thin dark brown lines along thoracic striae; fovea dark brown; eye borders black. Chelicerae brown, as prosoma. Legs and pedipalps lighter than prosoma. Labium and endites brown, distally pale brown. Sternum pale yellowish brown with slightly darker margins. Opisthosoma grayish brown; dorsally with dense pattern of elongate marks laterally, irregular marks around cardiac mark and four median chevrons down posterior half; ventrally with few scattered spots laterally and v-shaped lines of muscle sigilla down most opisthosoma length ( Figs 128–129 ). Total length 9.0. Prosoma: 4.5 long, 3.7 wide. Opisthosoma: 4.4 long, 2.9 wide. Eyes: diameters: 0.31, 0.25, 0.14, 0.23; interdistances: 0.25, 0.10, 0.49, 0.33, 0.13, 0.05. Legs (1243): I: 15.5 (4.3, 2.1, 4.1, 40, 1.0); II: 15.1 (4.5, 2.1, 3.7, 3.9, 0.9); III: 11.5 (3.6, 1.8, 2.5, 2.8, 0.8); IV: 14.2 (4.2, 1.5, 3.3, 4.0, 1.2). Spination follows the generic pattern. Metatarsus III with single ventral distal spine, metatarsus IV with ventral distal preening comb. Palp: tibia with prolateral spines short; tegulum with retro-proximal protrusion; TBC wide, keel-like; TBE with distal projection short and laminar; embolus running distally and curving ventral-proximally at the distal margin of the alveolus ( Figs 132–134 , 137–139 ).

Redescription. Female (MPEG 15045): Coloration pattern lighter than male; opisthosoma dorsally with median upside down trident-shaped mark on anterior half and five median chevrons down posterior half; ventrally with scattered spots laterally and V-shaped lines of muscle sigilla reaching middle of opisthosoma ( Figs 130–131 ). Total length: 10.1. Prosoma: 4.7 long, 3.9 wide. Opisthosoma: 5.2 long, 3.3 wide. Eyes: diameters 0.32, 0.25, 0.18, 0.24; interdistances: 0.26, 0.17, 0.47, 0.38, 0.16, 0.07. Legs (12/43): I: 14.0 (4.1, 2.2, 3.7, 3.3, 0.7); II: 13.5 (4.2, 2.0,.3.3, 3.3, 0.7); III: 10.7 (3.5, 1.8, 2.2, 2.5, 0.7); IV: 13.5 (4.0, 1.7, 3.0, 3.7, 1.1). Spination follows the generic pattern. Metatarsus III–IV with ventral distal preening combs. Epigyne: epigynal field squared, as wide as long; median septum longer than wide ( Figs 135 , 140 ). Vulva: internal ducts slender, half spermathecae width; glandular projection arising from ducts at first turn ( Figs 136 , 141–142 ).

Variation. Males (n = 10): total length 7.7–9.6; prosoma length 3.8–4.5; femur I length 3.6–4.3. Females (n = 10): total length 9.1–12.4; prosoma length 3.9–4.8; femur I length 3.3–4.1.

Distribution. Known from northern South America ( Brazil, Ecuador and Guyana) and from the Isle of St. Vincent ( Fig. 144 ).

Figures

FIGURES 1–6. 1 Sparianthis ravida (Simon) (IBSP 165052, female); 2–6 Sparianthis juruti sp. nov. (MPEG 30645, female). 1 left chelicera, ventral view (arrow points to retrolateral escort seta); 2 left endite, serrula, ventral dorsal view; 3 left leg I, metatarsus, trilobate membrane, dorsal view; 4 left leg IV, metatarsus, preening comb (arrow points to preening comb spines), ventral view; 5 left leg I, tarsus, tricobothrium, dorsal view (arrow points to basal bulb of setae); 6 left leg II, tarsus, tarsal organ, dorsal view. DP = distal plate; PP = proximal plate.

FIGURES 7–10. 7, 9 Sparianthis juruti sp. nov. (MPEG 30645, female); 8, 10 Sparianthis ravida (Simon) (MPEG 30835, male). 7 left leg I, tarsus, claws, prolateral view; 8 epiandrium, ventral view; 9 palp, tarsus, claw; 10 palp, cymbium, sensory scopula, detail of sensory seta.

FIGURES 128–131. Sparianthis ravida (Simon), habitus. 128–129 male (MPEG 30835) (128 dorsal, 129 ventral); 130–131 female (MPEG 30707) (130 dorsal, 131 ventral). Scale lines: 2 mm.

FIGURES 132–136. Sparianthis ravida (Simon). 132–134 male (MPEG 30835), left palp (132 prolateral, 133 ventral, 134 retrolateral); 135–136 female (MPEG 23862) (135 epigyne, 136 vulva). Scale lines: 1 mm.

FIGURES 137–142. Sparianthis ravida (Simon). 137–139 male (MPEG 15041), left palp (137 prolateral, 138 ventral, 139 retrolateral); 140–142 female (MPEG 30701) (140 epigyne, 141 vulva, 142 schematic course of internal duct system). Scale lines: 1 mm. af = anterior furrow; ap = apical projection; dRTA = dorsal branch of RTA; lf = lateral furrow; mRTA = median branch of RTA; TBC = tegular projection at conductor base; TBE = tegular projection at embolus base; vRTA = ventral branch of RTA.

FIGURES 143–144. Distribution maps for Sparianthis spp. 143 S. beebei sp nov., S. caracarai sp. nov., S. granadensis (Keyserling), S. juruti sp. nov., S. magalopalpa (Caporiacco) and S. picta (Simon); 144 S. boraris sp. nov., S. chickeringi (Gertsch), S. crulsi (Mello-Leitão), S. humaita sp. nov., S. juazeiro sp. nov. and S. ravida (Simon).

FIGURES 32–38. Sparianthis caracarai sp.nov. 32–34 male, holotype (IBSP 166272), left palp (32 prolateral, 33 ventral, 34 retrolateral); 36–38 female, paratype (IBSP 166267) (36 epigyne, 37 vulva, 38 schematic course of internal duct system). Scale lines: 1 mm. af = anterior furrow; dRTA = dorsal brach of RTA; lf = lateral furrow; mRTA = medial branch of RTA; pt = retroproximal protrusion; TBC = tegular projection at conductor base; TBE = tegular projection at embolus base; vRTA = ventral branch of RTA.

FIGURES 48–53. Sparianthis chickeringi (Gertsch). 40–50 male (MCZ 69094), left palp (48 prolateral, 49 ventral 40 retrolateral); 51–53 female (MCZ 69094) (51 epigyne, 52 vulva, 53 schematic course of internal duct system). Scale lines: 1 mm. af = anterior furrow; ap = apical projection; dRTA = dorsal branch of RTA; lf = furrow fold; mRTA = median branch of RTA; pt = retro-proximal protrusion; sf = secondary furrow; TBC = tegular projection at conductor base; TBE = tegular projection at embolus base; vRTA = ventral branch of RTA.

FIGURES 26–31. Sparianthis boraris sp. nov. 26–28 male, paratype (MPEG 30638), left palp (26 prolateral, 27 ventral, 28 retrolateral); 29–31 female, paratype (MPEG 30636) (29 epigyne, 30 vulva, 31 schematic course of internal duct system). Scale lines: 1 mm. AA = anterior atrium; af = anterior furrow; ap = apical projection; dRTA = dorsal brach of RTA; lf = lateral furrow; mRTA = medial branch of RTA; MS = median septum; pt = retro-proximal protrusion; TBC = tegular projection at conductor base; TBE = tegular projection at embolus base; vRTA = ventral branch of RTA.