Gallerucida sauteri Chujo

Lee, Chi-Feng, 2017, The genus Gallerucida Motschulsky in Taiwan (Insecta, Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae), ZooKeys 723, pp. 121-151 : 136-141

Gallerucida sauteri Chujo Figs 6 D–F, 9, 10, 11

Gallerucida sauteri Chûjô, 1938: 141; Chûjô 1962: 152 (redescription); Kimoto 1966: 35 (Taiwan); Wilcox 1971: 206 (catalogue); Kimoto and Chu 1996: 92 (catalogue); Kimoto and Takizawa 1997: 392 (catalogue); Beenen 2010: 460 (catalogue); Lee and Cheng 2010, 92 (biology); Yang et al. 2015: 176 (catalogue).

Gallerucida quadraticollis Takizawa, 1978: 127; Kimoto and Chu 1996: 92 (as synonym of G. sauteri , synonym confirmed).

Type material.

Gallerucida sauteri . Lectotype ♂ (TARI), here designated, labeled: "Kankau (Koshun [= Henchu, 恆春]) / Formosa / H. Sauter V. 1912 [p, w] // CO / Type [p, w, yellow letters, circular label with yellow border] // Galerucida / sauteri / Chûjô [h] / M. CHUJO [p, g] // 1936 [p, w]". Paralectotypes. 1♂ (TARI), same as lectotype but with “1368”; 1♂ (SDEI): "Kankau (Koshun) / Formosa / H. Sauter V. 1912 [p, w] // Syntypus [p, r] // Galerucida / sauteri / Chûjô [h] / M. CHUJO [p, g] // DEI Müncheberg / Col-09173 [p, g]"; 1♂ (SDEI): "VIII [h] Koshun / Formosa / H. Sauter [p] 18 [h, w] // Syntypus [p, r] // Galerucida / sauteri / Chûjô [h] / M. CHUJO [p, g] // DEI Müncheberg / Col-09172[p, g]"; 1♀ (TARI): "Formosa. / Taito [= Taitung, 台東], 1919. / II 25-III 27. / S. Inamura [p, w] // CO / Type [p, w, yellow letters, circular label with yellow border] // Galerucida / sauteri / Chûjô [h] / M. CHUJO [p, g]"; 1♀ (TARI): "CHIPON [h] [= Chihpen, 知本] / FORMOSA [p] / 25.III.1935 [h] / COL. M. CHUJO [p, w] // CO / Type [p, w, yellow letters, circular label with yellow border] // Galerucida / sauteri / Chûjô [h] / M. CHUJO [p, g] // No. 1358 [p, w]".

Gallerucida quadraticollis . Holotype ♂ (EIHU): "Tungpu [東埔] / Chiayi Taiwan / 14-17.VII.1976 / H. Takizawa [p, w] // Holo [h] type [p] / Gallerucida / quadraticollis / Takizawa [h, r] // HOLOTYPE / Appended label by ÔHARA, IMRAI, KANBE / SUZUKI and HIRONAGA / 2007 [p, w, with red band along right margin] // 0000003056 / Sys. Ent / Hokkaido Univ. / Japan [SEHU] [p, w]".

Diagnosis.

Gallerucida sauteri adults may be recognized by the white elytra possessing black transverse stripes.

Redescription.

Length 5.8-7.8 mm, width 3.3-4.3 mm. General color (Fig. 6 D–E) yellowish brown; antenna black except three basal antennomeres; elytra pale yellow or white, with wide transverse black band from base to basal 1/4, extending posterior at middle and truncate; sometimes median area of base reddish brown (Fig. 11E), with one pair of transverse black bands at apical 1/3, interrupted by suture; legs yellow but tibiae and tarsi partly or entirely dark brown to black. Antenna slightly serrate in male (Fig. 9A), length ratios of antennomeres I–XI 1.0: 0.4: 0.3: 1.2: 1.0: 1.0: 0.9: 0.8: 0.8: 0.8: 1.0, length to width ratios of antennomeres I–IX 3.2: 1.4: 1.2: 3.5: 2.4: 2.6: 2.5: 2.2: 2.5: 2.5: 3.3; filiform and shorter in female (Fig. 9B), length ratios of antennomeres I–XI 1.0: 0.4: 0.4: 0.9: 0.8: 0.8: 0.8: 0.7: 0.6: 0.6: 0.7, length to width ratios of antennomeres I–IX 3.3: 1.6: 2.1: 3.1: 3.2: 3.1: 3.2: 2.8: 2.6: 2.3: 2.6. Pronotum transverse, 2.1 × wider than long, disc convex, with oblique depressions at sides, medially abbreviated, disc with micro-reticulation but lacking punctures; lateral margin straight or slightly rounded; apical margin concave; basal margin convex. Elytra parallel from base to basal 1/3, gradually widened towards basal 1/3; 1.4 × longer than wide, disc without micro-reticulation but with coarse punctures; dorso-ventrally flattened. Penis (Fig. 9 C–D) elongate, 5.2 × longer than wide; parallel-sided; apex widely lanceolate; curved at lateral view; ventral surface well sclerotized; endophallic sclerite complex (Fig. 9H) large, about 0.5 × as long as penis, composed of one median sclerite and one pair of lateral sclerites, median sclerite longitudinal, strongly curved near apex, lateral sclerites longitudinal but slightly shorter, about 0.8 × as long as median sclerite, strongly and apically curved, apices truncate or concave. Gonocoxae (Fig. 9F) elongate, connected from near base to basal 3/5, apices rounded, with dense long setae; base wide. Ventrite VIII (Fig. 9E) longitudinal, apical margin truncate but medially depressed; with dense short setae along lateral and apical margin; spiculum extremely slender. Receptacle of spermatheca (Fig. 9G) strongly swollen; pump short but strongly curved; proximal spermathecal duct slender and deeply inserted into receptacle.

Variation.

The typical adult color pattern occurs in southern Taiwan (Fig. 10). Populations in central Taiwan have a black band at the elytral base extending posterior and acute apically; black spots at apices well developed, widened and connected with each other. The latter forms were described as G. quadraticollis by Takizawa (1978) (Figs 6F, 11F). Intermediate individuals were collected from Meiling [梅嶺] having anterior spots at the elytra similar to the typical form but posterior ones similar those of G. quadraticollis .

Host plants.

Vitaceae : Tetrastigma formosanum (Hemsl.) Gagnep (Fig. 11A) ( Lee and Cheng 2010).

Biology.

Gallerucida sauteri populations are presumably multivoltine. The following life cycle information is based on our (TCRT) observations ( Lee and Cheng 2010). Females began to deposit an average of 20 eggs in single egg masses (Fig. 11B) during late March. Eggs hatched in seven days. The larvae (Fig. 11C) fed on leaves and the larval duration was 13 days. Mature larvae (Fig. 11D) burrowed into soil and built underground chambers for pupation. Duration of the pupal stage was 10-11 days. Newly emerged adults appeared during spring and were active (Fig. 11E, 11F) during summer and autumn.

Other material examined.

TAIWAN. Nantou: 1♀ (NMNS), Lienhuachih [蓮華池], 9.IV.-2.V.2001, leg. C, S, Lin & W. T. Yang; 1♀ (NMNS), same but with “12.VI.-19.VII.2001”; 1♀ (NMNS), same but with “17.X.-14.XI.2001”; 1♀ (NMNS), same but with “1.VIII.-7.IX.2005”; 1♂ (TARI), Tungpu [東埔], 23-27.VII.1984, leg. K. C. Chou & C. H. Yang; Pingtung: 1♀ (TARI), Lilungshan [里龍山], 5.XI.2009, leg. M.-H. Tsou; 1♀ (TARI), Nanjenshan [南仁山], 1.III.2010, leg. J.-L. Jeng; 1♀ (TARI), Ouluanpi [鵝鑾鼻], 24.II.1982, leg. T. Lin & S. C. Lin; 2♂♂, 1♀ (TARI), Sheting [社頂], 15.VIII.2009, leg. M.-H. Tsou; 1♂ (TARI), same locality, 17.VIII.2010, leg. J.-C. Chen; 1♀ (TARI), Shouka [壽卡], 23.II.2013, leg. W.-C. Liao; 1♂, 3♀♀ (TARI), Tahanshan [大漢山], 20.VII.2007, leg. S.-F. Yu; 3♂♂, 3♀♀ (TARI), same but with "leg. C.-F. Lee"; 2♂♂ (TARI), same locality, 15.XII.2015, leg. W.-C. Liao; Taichung: 1♂ (TARI), Wushihkeng [烏石坑], 13.VII.2008, leg. C.-F. Lee; 98 exs. (TARI), same locality, 15-19.V.2013, leg. C.-F. Lee; Tainan: 3♂♂ (TARI), Meiling [梅嶺], 12.III.2011, leg. M. L. Jeng; Taitung: 2♂♂ (TARI), Chinlun trail [金崙林道], 11.I.2016, leg. J.-C. Chen; 1♂ (TARI), Liyuan [栗園], 19.VI.2013, leg. B.-X. Guo; 1♀ (TARI), Tienlung trail [天龍古道], 20.III.2015, leg. J.-C. Chen.

Distribution.

Endemic to Taiwan.