Cyclocephala amazona amazona (Linnaeus, 1767)

Moore, Matthew R., Cave, Ronald D. & Branham, Marc A., 2018, Annotated catalog and bibliography of the cyclocephaline scarab beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae, Cyclocephalini), ZooKeys 745, pp. 101-378 : 135

Cyclocephala amazona amazona (Linnaeus, 1767)

Scarabaeus amazonus Linnaeus, 1767: 551 [original combination].

Melolontha amazona (Linnaeus) [new combination by Schönherr 1817: 188].

Cyclocephala amazona (Linnaeus) [new combination by Burmeister 1847: 45].

Cyclocephala amazona amazona (Linnaeus) [new subspecies status by Endrődi 1966: 147].

syn. Cyclocephala (Cyclocephala) auriculata Casey, 1915: 141 [original combination].

Cyclocephala detecta Bates [synonymy by Arrow 1937b: 10].

syn. Cyclocephala detecta Bates, 1888: 300 [original combination].

Cyclocephala (Cyclocephala) detecta Bates [new subgeneric classification by Casey 1915: 141].

Cyclocephala detecta Bates [removal of subgeneric classification by Arrow 1937b: 8, 10].

Cyclocephala amazona (Linnaeus) [synonymy by Endrődi 1964: 466].

syn. Cyclocephala (Cyclocephala) beaumonti Casey, 1915: 140 [original combination].

Cyclocephala detecta Bates [synonymy by Arrow 1937b: 10].

syn. Cyclocephala signata var. inconstans Burmeister, 1847: 45 [original combination].

Cyclocephala (Cyclocephala) inconstans Burmeister [new subgeneric classification and new species status by Casey 1915: 140].

Cyclocephala inconstans Burmeister [removal of subgeneric classification by Arrow 1937b: 8, 11].

Cyclocephala amazona ab. inconstans Burmeister [revised infrasubspecific status by Endrődi 1966: 147].

syn. Melolontha pallens Fabricius, 1798: 132 [original combination].

Cyclocephala pallens (Fabricius) [new combination by Burmeister 1847: 46].

Cyclocephala amazona ab. pallens (Fabricius) [new subspecific status by Endrődi 1964: 466].

syn. Melolontha uncinata Illiger, 1802b: 49 [original combination].

Cyclocephala signata (Fabricius) [synonymy by Arrow 1937b: 16].

syn. Melolontha signata Fabricius, 1781: 39 [original combination].

Cyclocephala signata (Fabricius) [new combination by Burmeister 1847: 43].

Cyclocephala (Cyclocephala) signata (Fabricius) [new subgeneric classification by Casey 1915: 137].

Cyclocephala signata (Fabricius) [removal of subgeneric classification by Arrow 1937b: 8, 16].

Cyclocephala amazona signata (Fabricius) [new subspecies status by Endrődi 1964: 466].

Cyclocephala amazona (Linnaeus) [synonymy by Ratcliffe 2003: 83].

syn. Scarabaeus nigrocephalus DeGeer, 1774: 321 [original combination].

Melolontha signata Fabricius [synonymy by Illiger 1802b: 49].

Types.

Invalid neotype of S. amazonus at HNHM ( Endrődi Collection) ( Endrődi 1966). Type of M. pallens deposited at ZMUK, now housed at ZMUC ( Endrődi 1966). Type of S. nigrocephalus at NHRS ( Endrődi 1966). Type of M. uncinata is missing ( Endrődi 1966). Type of C. inconstans at MLUH ( Endrődi 1966). Type of C. detecta at BMNH ( Endrődi 1966). Types of C. beaumonti at USNM ( Endrődi 1966). Type of C. auriculata at USNM ( Endrődi 1966).

Distribution.

BARBADOS. BOLIVIA: Beni, La Paz, Santa Cruz. BRAZIL: Amazonas, Paraná, Pernambuco, Piauí, Santa Catarina, São Paulo. CHILE. COLOMBIA: Amazonas, Antioquia, Bolívar, Boyacá, Caldas, Caquetá, Cauca, Cesar, Chocó, Córdoba, Cundinamarca, Guajira, Magdalena, Meta, Nariña, Quindío, Risaralda, Santander, Sucre, Tolima, Valle del Cauca. COSTA RICA: Alajuela, Cartago, Guanacaste, Heredia, Limón, Puntarenas. CUBA: Holguin. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Samana. ECUADOR: Cañar, Chimborazo, Los Ríos. FRENCH GUIANA: Cayenne, Sinnamary, St.-Laurent du Maroni. GRENADA: St. Andrew, St. George, St. John. GUYANA: Demerara-Mahaica. HAITI: Ouest. Panama: Bocas del Toro, Chiriquí, Coclé, Colón, Former Canal Zone, Panamá, San Blas. PARAGUAY. PERU: Lima, Loreto, San Martín. SURINAME: Paramaribo. ST. BARTHÉLEMY. ST. MARTIN. TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO: Trinidad, Tobago. VENEZUELA: Aragua, Capital District.

References.

Linnaeus 1767, DeGeer 1774, Fabricius 1781, 1798, Illiger 1802b, Schönherr 1817, Dejean 1821, 1833, 1836b, Drury 1770, 1837, Sturm 1843, Burmeister 1847, Gerstaecker 1866, Harold 1869b, Stahl 1882, Bates 1888, Gundlach 1891, Leng and Mutchler 1914, Casey 1915, Stahl and Scaramuzza 1929, Arrow 1900, 1937b, Martorell 1939, Martorell and Salas 1939, Blackwelder 1944, Gruner 1971, Martínez 1975b, Pike et al. 1976, Mora-Urpí and Solís 1980, Bullock 1981, Mora-Urpí 1982, Remillet et al. 1982, Pava-O. et al. 1983, Beach 1982, 1984, Henderson 1984, Gottsberger 1986, Endrődi 1963, 1964, 1966, 1979, 1985a, Villalta 1988, Posada Ochoa 1989, Rickson et al. 1990, Silberbauer-Gottsberger 1990, Murray 1993, Bernal and Ervik 1996, Woodruff et al. 1998, Dechambre 1999, Ervik et al. 1999, Johnson and Nicolson 2001, Peck et al. 2002, Ratcliffe 2002a, 2003, Restrepo et al. 2003, Bouchard and Bjorndal 2006, Fernández García 2006, Neita Moreno et al. 2006, Pardo-Locarno et al. 2005a, 2008, Útima and Vallejo 2008, Núñez-Avellaneda and Neita-Moreno 2009, Neita-Moreno 2011, Krajcik 2005, 2012, Breeschoten et al. 2013, Yepes-Rodriguez et al. 2013, López-García et al. 2015, Ratcliffe and Cave 2015, Ratcliffe et al. 2015, Ponchel 2006, 2011, 2015, Gasca-Álvarez and Deloya 2016, Peck 2016, Villalobos-Moreno et al. 2016, 2017.

Remarks.

The distribution of C. amazona amazona is obscured due to historical confusion of this species with C. multiplex . The data reported here follow Ratcliffe (2003), which hypothesized that C. amazona amazona occurs in South America north through Costa Rica and the West Indies.