Augochlora (Augochlora) pyrgo (Schrottky, 1910)

Lepeco, Anderson & Gonçalves, Rodrigo Barbosa, 2020, A revision of the bee genus Augochlora Smith (Hymenoptera; Apoidea) in Southern South America, Zootaxa 4897 (1), pp. 1-97 : 70-73

Augochlora (Augochlora) pyrgo (Schrottky, 1910)

( Figures 38 A–D; 39A–D; 50F)

Oxystoglossa pyrgo Schrottky, 1910: 75 , holotype, ♀ (MZUSP) from Brazil, São Paulo, Avanhandava. Examined.

Halictus liotribes Vachal : 15, 1911, holotype, ♀ (MNHP) from Peru, Huánuco, Pachitea. Not examined.

Diagnosis. Augochlora pyrgo has the apex of T1 inflexed ( Fig. 2B ), females lack an elevation on S1 ( Fig. 1I ) and males have the mesoscutum disc sparsely punctate (I> PD). Both sexes can be separated from similar species by the mesoscutum with a median dark spot and the metapostnotum relatively longer, with the posterior surface slightly protuberant and with transversal carinae. Males are also remarkable by frequently having green reflections on the scape.

Comments. Although Moure & Hurd (1987) synonymized H. liotribes under Augochlora pyrgo , the former may not correspond to the species found in southeastern Brazil, as no Augochlora s. str. species exhibit such a wide distribution, but as we did not examine the type of H. liotribes , we decided to maintain the synonymy herein.

Redescription. ♀. Measurements. Maximum interocular distance: 1.36–1.67 (x‾ = 1.53, n = 10); head length: 1.88–2.24 (x‾ = 2.05, n = 10); clypeus width: 0.54–0.70 (x‾ = 0.61, n = 10); clypeus length: 0.48–0.60 (x‾ = 0.56, n = 10); clypeoantennal distance: 0.32–0.40 (x‾ = 0.36, n = 10); clypeus ocellar distance: 1.14–1.28 (x‾ = 1.22, n = 10); intertegular distance: 1.30–1.64 (x‾ = 1.50, n = 10); T1 width: 1.88–2.40 (x‾ = 2.18, n = 10); T2 width: 2.08–2.60 (x‾ = 2.35, n = 10); body length: 7.00–8.00 (x‾ = 7.25, n = 10).

Head. Labrum basal surface black; basal elevation transverse. Mandible mostly black, subapical region brown and with basal green spot; medial portion not strongly constricted, minimum width between 0.7x and 0.9x basal width; preapical tooth large and sharp, produced near mandible apex; distal part of adductor ridge weakly swollen. Clypeus mostly green with golden reflection, apical black band = OD; punctate, punctures large and weak, mostly smooth in between, loosely imbricate on basal margin; apex not prolonged over apical border. Epistomal angle acute, strongly protruding over clypeus. Supraclypeal area green with golden reflection; densely punctate, imbricate in between. Lower paraocular area with copper and golden reflections; contiguously punctate; setae <OD. Antennae: mostly black, flagellum ventrally brown. Frons with green and blue iridescences intermixed; crowded punctate; not protuberant above antennal sockets. Preoccipital area strongly lamellate, lamella expanded near post gena. Gena with golden reflection. Post gena mostly darkened with golden and purplish iridescences; microreticulate, some scattered weak punctures; setae length <3 OD. Hypostomal carina not projected anteriorly.

Mesosoma. Pronotum dorsolateral angle with a projected acute tip. Fore leg: coxa ventrally green; trochanter dark brown; femur dark brown with green reflection; ventral surface strongly rounded; long plumose setae (<3 OD); tibia and tarsus light brown; white to yellowish setae on both. Mesoscutum mostly green, medially darkened; sparsely punctate on disc, I> PD, sparser posterior to median line, microreticulate in between, contiguously punctate on lateral surfaces, anterior border punctate, microreticulate in between; setae length <0.5 OD. Scutellum medial furrow inconspicuous; green; mostly densely punctate, with sparser areas sublaterally; with dense tiny setae intermixed with longer dark setae (4 OD). Mesepisternum green; preepisternum densely punctate near pronotal lobe; hypoepimeral area densely punctate, I <0.5 PD, smooth in between; below scrobe punctate, I <PD, smooth in between, ventrally crowded punctate; with tiny setae becoming longer ventrally. Mid leg: coxa brown; trochanter brown; ventral margin not swollen, almost straight; femur brown, flattened, mesofemoral brush yellowish; tibia brown; tarsus light brown; white to yellowish setae on both. Tegula light brown with anterior green spot. Metanotum with dense tiny setae intermixed with longer white setae (= 3 OD). Metepisternum green; densely punctate, becoming crowded punctate to rugose above superior metapleural pit. Hind leg: coxa green, anterior and posterior surfaces ventrally separated by a smoothly curved area; trochanter brown; setae length = 4 OD; femur brown; tibia brown; tarsus light brown; outer surfaces without dark setae. Metapostnotum green; shorter than scutellum; basal area with radiating carinae, medioapical area with transversal carinae. Propodeum green with golden reflection; with tiny and long (2 OD) setae intermixed; posterior surface with tiny and larger punctures intermixed, smooth in between; lateral carinae ending below propodeum half; lateral surfaces imbricate among punctures.

Metasoma. T1 anterior surface punctate, smooth in between; mostly green with golden reflection, base dark-ened; only with long setae, tiny decumbent setae absent. T1 dorsal surface sparsely punctate on disc, I> 3 PD, smooth in between, coarser and denser punctation on lateral surfaces; dorsally darkened, lateral surfaces green; mostly glabrous, long setae (= OD) on lateral surfaces; apex inflexed, black. T2 mostly green, dorsally darkened; sparsely punctate on disc, punctures weak, coarser and denser punctation on lateral surfaces, mostly smooth, imbricate near base; marginal area with punctate portion shorter than apical black band on sublateral surfaces; tiny decumbent setae near base and on lateral surfaces, long setae (= OD) on lateral surfaces. T3 weakly punctate, imbricate in between; mostly green, apical band black; tiny setae apex not reaching apical margin sublaterally. T4 weakly punctate, imbricate in between; mostly green, apical band black; mostly with tiny decumbent setae, long setae (3 OD) scattered on disc and lateral surfaces. T5 black; pseudopygidial area not covered by scale-like setae, colliculate integument exposed. Pygidial plate black, apex rounded. S1 without elevation; black with weak green reflection; long setae (> 3 OD) medially, margin tiny decumbent setae. S2 mostly dark brown, apical band yellowish; medioapical margin sharp; punctate, microreticulate in between; long setae (> 3 OD). S3–4 as S2. S5 apical margin widely rounded; dark brown; long setae (> 3 OD). S6 dark brown; long dark setae on apex.

Description. Ƌ. Measurements. Maximum interocular distance: 1.21–1.39 (x‾ = 1.31, n = 6); head length: 1.72–2.00 (x‾ = 1.87, n = 6); clypeus width: 0.46–0.54 (x‾ = 0.51, n = 6); clypeus length: 0.48–0.56 (x‾ = 0.52, n = 6); clypeoantennal distance: 0.24–0.32 (x‾ = 0.29, n = 6); clypeus ocellar distance: 0.86–1.08 (x‾ = 1.01, n = 6); inter-tegular distance: 1.24–1.39 (x‾ = 1.33, n = 6); T1 width: 1.64–1.80 (x‾ = 1.70, n = 6); T2 width: 1.72–2.00 (x‾ = 1.86, n = 6); scape length: 0.50–0.56 (x‾ = 0.52, n = 6); body length: 6.50–7.00 (x‾ = 6.91, n = 6).

Head. Labrum basal surface yellowish. Mandible mostly yellowish, apex brown. Clypeus mostly golden with copper reflection, apex yellowish, apical border exposed, yellowish; densely punctate, I = 0.5 PD, punctures large, smooth in between; setae length = 2 OD. Epistomal angle acute, protruding over clypeus. Supraclypeal area green; densely punctate, imbricate in between. Paraocular area golden with copper reflection; densely punctate, smooth in between; long setae (3 OD) intermixed with tiny setae. Antennae: scape black with green reflection; pedicel as long as F1; mostly black, apex brownish; F1 ventrally yellow; shorter than F2; F3 as long as wide; remaining flagellomeres mostly dark brown, ventrally light brown. Frons with green and blue iridescences intermixed; contiguously to crowded punctate; setae length = 1–2 OD. Gena green. Post gena with golden and purplish iridescences, darkened near hypostoma; smooth, some scattered weak punctures; abundant long setae up to 5 OD.

Mesosoma. Pronotum lateral angle with a projected acute tip. Fore leg: coxa ventrally green; trochanter and femur dark brown with weak green reflection; slightly swollen; tibia and tarsus yellow; white to yellowish setae on both. Mesoscutum mostly green, medially darkened; sparsely punctate on disc, I> PD, contiguously punctate on lateral surfaces, microreticulate in between, anterior border punctate, microreticulate in between; setae length = 0.5–1 OD. Scutellum medial furrow inconspicuous; green; mostly punctate, punctures coarse, denser punctation medially; longer setae (3 OD) near apex. Mesepisternum green; preepisternum densely punctate near pronotal lobe; hypoepimeral area densely punctate, I <0.5 PD, smooth in between; below scrobe densely punctate, I <0.5 PD, smooth in between. Mid leg: coxa dark brown; trochanter dark brown with weak green reflection; setae length 4 OD; femur brown with weak green reflection; not swollen; tibia and basitarsus light brown; white to yellowish setae on both. Tegula light brown with anterior green spot. Metanotum with dense tiny setae intermixed with longer white setae (= 3 OD). Metepisternum green; punctate, smooth in between, crowded punctate to striate near hind wing. Hind leg: coxa and trochanter green; femur dark brown with green reflection; tibia light brown, anterior surface without abundant tiny setae among long setae; basitarsus more than 6.5x longer than maximum width, parallel sided; dark brown. Metapostnotum green; as long as metanotum; slightly concave; basal area with radiating carinae, medioapical area with transversal carinae. Propodeum green; with tiny and long (2 OD) setae intermixed; posterior surface contiguously punctate; lateral carinae lamellate, ending below propodeum half; lateral surfaces imbricate among punctures.

Metasoma. T1 anterior surface sparsely punctate, I = 2 PD, smooth in between; mostly green, base darkened; only with long setae, tiny decumbent setae absent. T1 dorsal surface sparsely punctate, I> PD, coarser and denser punctation on lateral surfaces, with an impunctate area near apical margin medially; mostly green, dorsally darkened; very few tiny setae on disc, lateral surfaces with longer setae (2 OD); apex inflexed, black. T2 mostly green, dorsally darkened; punctate on disc, I = PD, densely punctate near base, denser punctation on lateral surfaces, smooth in between; marginal area with punctate portion shorter than apical black band on sublateral surfaces; mostly with tiny setae, long setae (= OD) near margin and lateral surfaces, pre-marginal setae ending far from apical margin on sub-lateral surfaces. T3 punctate, imbricate in between; mostly blue with green reflection, apical band black; mostly with tiny setae, long setae (2 OD) near margin and lateral surfaces. T4 weakly punctate, imbricate in between; mostly blue with green reflection, apical band black; mostly with tiny setae, long setae (2 OD) scattered on disc and lateral surfaces. T5 darkened with weak green reflection; long setae (2 OD) intermixed with tiny setae. T6 brown; mostly with long setae (<3 OD). T7 light brown. S1 without elevation; mostly green, apex brown; with long plumose setae (2 OD) medially, margin with tiny decumbent setae. S2 mostly dark brown, apical band yellowish; medioapical margin sharp; punctate, microreticulate in between; with long plumose setae (2 OD), tiny setae on apex. S3 as S2, although with blue iridescence. S4 mostly dark brown with weak green reflection, apical band yellowish; medioapical margin slightly rounded; punctate, microreticulate in between; with long plumose setae (2 OD), tiny setae on apex. S5 brown; not depressed transversally on median surface; homogeneously pilose, without glabrous patch medially. S6 brown; setae length = OD, tiny setae on apex. S7 lateral apodemes shorter than half S8 width. S8 anterior projection more than four times longer than apical width; posterior margin acuminate.

Genitalia: gonobase 2 times wider than long; gonobase ventral arms slightly curved on apex. Gonocoxite about 1.5 times longer than wide. Gonostylus, dorsal surface glabrous. Ventral process of gonostylus: inner lobe spatulate, slightly expanded; with short setae and tiny bristles intermixed; outer lobe with short setae with length = 0.4x inner lobe size. Gonapophysis ventral prong poorly produced; dorsal bridge margin weakly projected; ventral bridge absent; apodeme narrow and weakly hooked.

Distribution. This species is found in the Brazilian states of Espírito Santo, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina, and S„o Paulo. There are also records in Paraguay. The holotype of H. liotribes is from Peru.

Figures

FIGURE 1. A–C) Female mandible, anterior view. A) Augochlora aurinasis (Vachal); B) Augochlora daphnis Smith; C) Augochlora genalis sp. nov. Scale bar: 0.2 mm. D–G) Female mid trochanter, anterior view. D) Augochlora nausicaa (Schrottky); E) Augochlora francisca (Schrottky); F) Augochlora phoemonoe (Schrottky); G) Augochlora mulleri Cockerell. H–L) Female metasoma, anterior portion (T1 and S1), lateral view. H) Augochlora thusnelda (Schrottky); I) Augochlora nausicaa (Schrottky); J) Augochlora braziliensis (Vachal); K) Augochlora francisca Schrottky; L) Augochlora phoemonoe (Schrottky). D–L not in scale.

FIGURE 2. Male T1. A) Augochlora braziliensis Vachal; B) Augochlora thusnelda (Schrottky). Scale bar: 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 38. Female of Augochlora pyrgo (Schrottky). A) habitus, B) frontal view of head, C) dorsal view of mesosoma, D) dorsal view of metasoma. Scale bar: 1.0 mm, all at same scale.\