Stygophrynus dammermani Roewer, 1928

Rahmadi, Cahyo & Harvey, Mark S., 2008, A First Epigean Species Of Stygophrynus Kraepelin (Amblypygi: Charontidae) From Java And Adjacent Islands, Indonesia With Notes On S. Dammermani Roewer, 1928, Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 56 (2), pp. 281-288 : 284-286

Stygophrynus dammermani Roewer, 1928

( Figs. 2 , 13–20 )

Stygophrynus dammermani Roewer 1928: 15-21 , Figs. 1–6 ; Giltay 1931: 24–25; Mello-Leitao 1931: 54; Roewer 1932: Fig. 3 ; Werner 1935: Fig. 1 ; Dammerman 1948: 49; Dunn 1949: 11.

Stygophrynus (Stygophrynus) dammermani – Harvey 2003: 10–11.

Type locality. – Goeha [= Cave] Koeda, Buitenzorg [= Bogor].

Material examined. – INDONESIA: Jawa Barat: Syntypes – 1 female ( MZB. Ambl. 002). Labeled: “(Typus), Dammerman leg, 11.XI.1924 , Java: Panoembangan Djampang , Roewer det. 1928 No. 5499; 1 male ( MZB. Ambl. 032), Labeled: Guha Kuda by Loeloet, Btz. 20.XII.1923 , coll. Dammerman ( Original label is lost); 1 male ( MZB. Ambl. 001), Labeled: “1, Dammerman leg, Java: Tjiampea, Buitenzorg [= Bogor], 9. III.24, Roewer det 1928 No. 5499a”; three

Colouration black brown-yellowish brown Cheliceral external teeth two teeth with dorsal teeth Two teeth with dorsal teeth two teeth bicuspid bicuspid Dorsal surface of chelicera smooth Roughened with small Roughened with small tubercles tubercles Number of teeth on movable finger five teeth five teeth six teeth with two dorsal most about equal in size Spines between P1 and distal margin two spines three spines two spines Number of trichobotria on distibia 21 22 23 Leg IV Habitat caves and epigean caves epigean juveniles ( MZB.Ambl. 003–005) Labeled: “3 pulli, Eingeborener leg. I.24, Java: Goeha Gadjah, Kelapa Nunggal, Roewer det. 1928. No. 5499b”; 1 male ( MZB.Ambl. 006) Labeled: “1, 26.XII.23, Dammerman leg., Java: Goeha Koeda bei Loeloet (Buitenzorg) [= Bogor], Roewer det. 1928 No. 5497” .

Other material. – INDONESIA: Jawa Barat: 1 male ( MZB. Ambl. 017), 1 female ( MZB. Ambl. 018), Panoembangan Djampang Tengah, coll. M.A. Lieftnik, 28 Apr. 19??; 2 males ( MZB. Ambl. 49–50), Gua Cikaray, Bogor, coll. C. Rahmadi, 8 Sep.2004; 1 male ( MZB.Ambl.104), 1 female ( MZB.Ambl.105), Gua Garunggang, Bogor, coll. C. Rahmadi, 15 Oct.2005; 1 female ( MZB.Ambl. 118), Gua Buniayu, Nyalindung, Sukabumi, coll. C. Rahmadi, 18 Feb.2007; Banten: 1 male ( MZB.Ambl. 115), 2 females ( MZB. Ambl. 116–117), Gua Cilalay, Sawarna Village, Bayah, Lebak, coll. Sidiq Harjanto and C. Rahmadi, 25 Feb.2007; Jawa Tengah: 1 male ( MZB. Ambl. 038), 1 female ( MZB.Ambl. 039), 1 juvenile ( MZB.Ambl. 040), Petruk Cave, Karang Bolong, Gombong, coll. Yayuk R.S. et al., 18 Aug.2000; 2 males ( MZB.Ambl. 051–052), Petruk Cave , Gombong Selatan Karst, Kebumen, coll. C. Rahmadi, 12 Sep.2003; 1 male ( MZB.Ambl.054), Ratu Cave , Nusakambangan Island , coll. C. Rahmadi, 3 May 2003 1 female ( MZB. Ambl. 044), Merah Cave , Nusakambangan Island , coll. C. Rahmadi, 3 May 2003; 1 male ( MZB.Ambl. 046), Maria Cave , Nusakambangan Island , coll. C. Rahmadi, 08 May 2003, 1 juvenile ( MZB.Ambl.045), Lawa Cave , Nusakambangan Island , coll. C. Rahmadi, 6 May 2003; 2 males ( MZB. Ambl. 099–100), 3 females ( MZB. Ambl. 101– 103), Kiskendo Cave , Menoreh Karst, Yogyakarta, coll. Mufti S., 7 Jun.2005 ; INDONESIA: Lampung: 2 males ( WAM 247 -KA, WAM 247 -JA), 1 juvenile ( WAM 247 -IB), 1 juvenile ( WAM 247 -JA), Sertung Island , under logs, coll. M.S. Harvey, 6 juveniles ( WAM 121 -BP, 121-I, 121- SA, 121- SA, 121- SA), 2 male juveniles ( WAM 172 -AD, 172-E), Rakata, Zwarte Hoek, coll. M.S. Harvey.

Diagnosis. – Can be distinguished from S. sunda by the dentition of the external margin of the basal segment of the chelicera: S. sunda has two teeth on the external margin ( Fig. 4 ), whereas S. dammermani has two teeth with dorsal teeth bicuspid ( Table 1; Figs. 13–14 ). It also differs from S. cerberus by the presence of four spines on the dorsal margin of the pedipalpal femur, whereas S. cerberus has five such spines (see Gravely 1915; Roewer 1928). Stygophrynus dammermani also differs from S. longispina , S. berkeleyi and S. cavernicola by the presence two small spines on the pedipalpal patella between P1 and the distal margin; S. longispina , S. berkeleyi and S. cavernicola bear 3 small spines (see Gravely, 1915;). Stygophrynus dammermani differs from males S. brevispina by the number of pedipalpal patella: males S. brevispina have two major spines pedipalpal patella with the P3 reduce to a tubercle during postembryonic growth (see Weygoldt, 2002: Fig.1 ), external margin of chelicerae equipped with one blunt-tooth and S. dammermani has three major spines on pedipalpal patella. Stygophrynus dammermani differs from S. moultoni by the number of spines on pedipalpal tibia: S. moultoni have two spines on antero dorsal and one spine opposite the distal of dorsal one (see Gravely, 1915, Pl. XXXI: 9) and S. forsteri have only one ventral pedipalpal tibia spinelet distal of the large ventral spine (See Dunn, 1949: Fig. 6 ; Weygoldt, 2002), whereas S. dammermani have four pedipalpal tibia spinelets on both dorsally and ventrally ( Fig. 15 ). Stygophrynus moultoni and S. forsteri have dorsal bicuspid tooth on internal margin of chelicera with the upper cusp larger than the lower-cusp (see Dunn, 1949: Fig. 5 ), and S. dammermani with the upper cusp smaller than the lower ( Figs. 13–14 ).

Remarks. – We provided new illustrations for S. dammermani to facilitate the new diagnostic characters and to add new illustrations that not provided by Roewer (1928) such as male and female genitalia, distibia of leg IV and pedipalpal tibia. We make a correction on illustration of tarsus leg IV that Roewer (1928) showed five segments (see Roewer 1928: Fig.6 ) that actually only four segments ( Fig. 17 ). The left distibial segment on leg IV with 21 trichobothria ( Fig. 16 ) and the tarsus of left leg IV with 4 segments, segment 2 with light transverse line, fourth segment without oblique slit; pulvilli present ( Fig.17 ). The male genitalia with black striation on dorsal view and some setae on genital operculum margin ( Figs. 18–19 ). The female genitalia with gonopods tube-like ( Fig. 20 ).

Natural history. – Stygophrynus dammermani was first described from caves in the Bogor region of western Java ( Roewer, 1928) and was later found in epigean habitats in the Krakatau Islands by Dammerman (1948). The species was also found to be eaten by monitor lizards ( Varanus salvator ) based on specimens found amongst stomach contents ( Dammerman, 1948). This species is found in the Krakatau Islands, caves in western Java, Nusakambangan Island, caves in Gombong Selatan (Central Java) and a small karst area in Menoreh (Central Java) ( Fig. 21 ). Stygophrynus dammermani has not been found in eastern Java and may be restricted to the western and central portions of the island. Lives in caves and also found on epigean habitat in Krakatau Islands.

Figures

Figs. 1–2. Stygophrynus from Java: 1, Male holotype of Stygophrynus sunda new species collected from Ujung Kulon National Park. 2, Stygophrynus dammermani, female from Buniayu Cave (MZB.Ambl.118). (Photo. C. Rahmadi). Scale bars: 1 = 4 mm; 2 = 7 mm.

Figs. 13–20. Stygophrynus dammermani, male (MZB.Ambl. 052): 13, cheliceral dentition, internal view; 14, cheliceral dentition, external view. Syntype female (MZB.Ambl.002): 15, pedipalpal tibia of left pedipalp. Male (MZB.Ambl.104): 16, left leg IV showing trichobothria; 17, left tarsus IV; 18, ventral view of male genitalia; 19, dorsal view. Female (MZB.Ambl.101): 20, dorsal view female genitalia. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Figs. 3–12. Stygophrynus sunda, paratype male (MZB.Ambl.021): 3, left chelicera, internal view; 4, left chelicera, external view. Holotype male (MZB.Ambl.109):5, left pedipalp, dorsal view; 6, left pedipalp, ventral view; 7, left pedipalpal tibia; 8, left leg IV showing trichobothria; 9, left leg IV, tarsal segments; 10, male genitalia, ventral view; 11, male genitalia, dorsal view. Paratype female (MZB.Ambl.022): 12, female genitalia. Scale bars = 1mm.

Fig. 21. Distributions of Stygophrynus species in Java and the Sunda Strait. (Note: circles: Stygophrynus dammermani, triangles = Stygophrynus sunda).