Vespa vivax Smith, 1870

Smith-Pardo, Allan H., Carpenter, James M. & Kimsey, Lynn, 2020, The Diversity of Hornets in the Genus Vespa (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Vespinae), Their Importance and Interceptions in the United States, Insect Systematics and Diversity 4 (3), No. 2, pp. 1-27 : 23

Vespa vivax Smith

Figs. 13d and 53

Vespa vivax Smith (in Horne and Smith), 1870: 190. Holotype female; India: Binsar , ‘ Binsur, Kumaon’ (LONDON-NHM).

Vespa velutina var. mediozonalis Pérez, 1910: 14 . Holotype female; India: Sikkim (PARIS).

Vespa wilemani Meade-Waldo, 1911: 104 . Holotype female; Taiwan: ‘ Formosa’ (LONDON-NHM).

Distribution. India, Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand, China (Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet), Taiwan.

Discussion. Little is known about this south Asian Vespa species. In Taiwan, nests have been found in montane regions at elevations between 1,500 and 2,500 m ( Archer 1994).

Figures

Figs. 13 and 14. Vespa morphology. (a, b) Dorsal view of scutum. (c, d) Lateral view of pronotal lobe. (e, f) Lateral view of anterior pronotal carina. (a) V. basalis. (b) V. ducalis. (c) V. vivax. (d) V. velutina. Fig. 14. V. affinis coloration. (a) Lateral view. (b) Dorsal view. (c) Front view of face.

Figs. 52 and 53. Vespa color forms, (a) Lateral view. (b) Dorsal view. (c) Front view of face.Fig. 53. V. velutina. Fig. 54. V. vivax.