Mymaridae

Huber, John T., Read, Jennifer D. & Triapitsyn, Serguei V., 2021, Illustrated key to the genera and catalogue of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera) in the Afrotropical region, Zootaxa 5036 (1), pp. 1-166 : 10-12

Key to Afrotropical genera of Mymaridae . Males

[Antenna without clava, the flagellar segments all about equal in width ( Figs 12 , 46 , 53 , 89 , 123 , 159 , 198, 199 , 208 )]. In the Afrotropical region, males are unknown for Dorya , Camptoptera (Eofoersteria) , Litus , Paranaphoidea , Platystethynium and Schizophragma . Except for Platystethynium , whose males are micropterous and otherwise quite modified, they likely resemble females except for the antennae, genitalia and wings. Only Litus and Schizophragma are included in this key.

1(2) Wings short, not extending beyond apex of mesosoma, or absent............................................... 2

- Wings fully developed, extending at least to apex of gaster.................................................... 3

2(1) Wings absent; flagellum 10-segmented; body minute............................................... Dicopus , part

- Wings present but short, extending about to base of gaster; flagellum 11-segmented; body larger..................................................................................................... Polynema (Polynema) , part

3(1) Tarsi 5-segmented.................................................................................... 4

- Tarsi 4-segmented................................................................................... 23

4(3) Fore wing venation (to apex of stigma) at most about 0.4× wing length; marginal vein absent so parastigma joined directly to stigmal vein at the distal macrochaeta; postmarginal vein absent................................................ 5

- Fore wing venation (to apex of stigma) at least 0.6× wing length ( Figs 48 , 62 ); marginal vein present and about as long as or longer than parastigma so stigma vein joined to apex of marginal vein distal to distal macrochaeta ( Fig. 48 ); postmarginal vein usually present...................................................................................... 21

5(4) Fore wing at most 5.0× as long as wide and usually almost completely covered beyond venation with many rows of microtrichia; face often with subantennal grooves extending from torulus to mouth margin ( Figs 103 , 150 , 170a , 186a , 261 )..... 6

- Fore wing at least 8.0× as long as wide, rarely completely covered with microtrichia but if so these arranged only in a few rows; face without subantennal grooves....................................................................... 14

6(5) Propodeum with diamond-like pattern of carinae ( Fig. 207 ); metasoma in lateral view with gt 1 distinctly longer than gt 2 ( Fig. 209 )........................................................................................ Ooctonus

- Propodeum not as above, either with 2 longitudinal, more or less parallel submedian grooves or carinae, these well separated ( Figs 161 , 172 , 189 , 264 , 270 ) or almost united ( Fig. 106 ), or carinae absent ( Fig. 153 ) and propodeum almost smooth; metasoma in lateral view with gt 1 only slightly longer than gt 2 ..................................................... 7

7(6) Head in posterior view with curved, transverse groove extending above foramen from eye to eye, separating occiput from gena......................................................................................... Zeyanus

- Head in posterior view without transverse groove........................................................... 8

8(7) Dorsellum strap-like, with anterior and posterior margins parallel ( Fig. 172 ) or almost so ( Fig. 106 ) and at least 7× as wide as its median length..................................................................................... 9

- Dorsellum rhomboidal, with anterior and posterior margins distinctly diverging and at most about 3× as wide as its median length............................................................................................. 10

9(8) Metasoma with petiole at most 2× as long as wide; pronotum with lateral lobes widely separated by membranous median area ( Fig. 172 ); propodeum with submedian lines well separated from each other ( Fig. 172 )..................... Lymaenon

- Metasoma with petiole at least 3× as long as wide ( Figs 102 , 106 ); pronotum with lateral lobes almost abutting ( Fig. 106 ); propodeum with submedian lines almost in contact with each other ( Fig. 106 )........................ Cosmocomopsis

10(8) Face with subantennal grooves almost meeting each other at mouth margin; head relatively wide, and thin in lateral view............................................................................................ Tanyxiphium

- Face with subantennal grooves, when present, wider apart at mouth margin, not meeting; head relatively narrow, and thicker in lateral view........................................................................................ 11

11(10) Face without subantennal grooves ( Fig. 150 )................................................ Heptagonatocerus

- Face with subantennal groove extending from each torulus to mouth margin..................................... 12

12(11) Propodeum without carinae or at most only with faint longitudinal submedian grooves; fore wing narrower, with apex rounded ( Fig. 153 )................................................................................. Gonatocerus

- Propodeum with longitudinal submedian carina extending almost to dorsellum and another carina between each submedian carina and metapleural suture; fore wing wider with apex somewhat truncate ( Fig. 188 )................ Octomicromeris

13(5) Metasoma joined to mesosoma by a short, usually distinct and visible, petiole usually much narrower than anterior width of gaster ( Figs 70 , 77 , 81 , 254 ) [in Callodicopus not much narrower than width of gaster ( Fig. 67 )]..................... 14

- Metasoma joined to mesosoma by an indistinct petiole barely narrower than anterior width of gaster, or apparently so joined [in Litus the narrow but distinct petiole is completely hidden by wide base of gt 1].................................... 17

14(13) Propodeum with large translucent reticulated structures submedially and laterally ( Fig. 253 ); petiole ventrally surrounded by translucent reticulated structure ( Fig. 254 ).................................................... Stephanocampta

- Propodeum almost always without translucent reticulated structures submedially and laterally, rarely with them submedially ( Fig. 75 ); petiole ventrally not surrounded by translucent reticulated structure.................................... 15

15(14) Fore wing slightly but usually distinctly curved (posterior margin concave) near apex ( Figs 74 , 77 ), sometimes almost straight ( Fig. 70 ); petiole visible ( Figs 70 , 77 ).................................................................... 16

- Fore wing straight (posterior margin straight or almost so) near apex ( Fig. 109 ); petiole hidden ( Figs 67 , 83 )........... 17

16(15) Flagellum with 8 segments (excluding the ring segment)............................... Camptoptera (Camptoptera)

- Flagellum with 7 segments (excluding the ring segment).................................................................................................. Camptoptera (Camptoptera) [former subgenus C. (Zemicamptoptera)]

17(15) Frenum and propodeum strongly reticulate ( Fig. 83 )............................................ Camptopteroides

- Frenum and propodeum smooth or almost so..................................................... Callodicopus

18(13) Head in anterior view distinctly narrowing ventrally; mandibles pointing ventrally and not crossing each other, each with 1 long and 1 short tooth ( Fig. 112 ); fore wing extremely narrow beyond venation then widening distinctly to apex ( Fig. 114 )............................................................................................... Dicopus , part

- Head in anterior view not narrowing ventrally so appearing more quadrate; mandibles pointing inwardly and crossing if long enough, each with 2 subequal teeth ( Figs 6 , 107 ); fore wing wider along its entire length ( Figs 8 , 109 )................ 19

19(18) Gaster compressed, slightly higher than wide and well sclerotized; gt 1 much longer than each remaining tergum ( Fig. 167a , 169 )........................................................................................... Litus

- Gaster slightly depressed, wider than high and weakly sclerotized; gt 1 about same length as each remaining tergum ( Figs 9, 111a )............................................................................................. 20

20(19) Fore wing with posterior margin behind venation distinctly notched ( Fig. 8 )................................ Alaptus

- Fore wing with posterior margin behind venation not or barely notched ( Fig. 109 )..................... Dicopomorpha

21(4) Head with ocellar triangle surrounded by pale lines, forming a stemmaticum ( Fig. 44 ); postmarginal vein at most as long as stigmal vein ( Fig. 48 )........................................................................... Arescon

- Head with ocelli not enclosed by stemmaticum; postmarginal vein much longer than stigmal vein ( Fig. 62 )............. 22

22(21) Pronotum in dorsal view extremely short, barely or not visible; mesoscutum without notauli.............. Chrysoctonus

- Pronotum in dorsal view about 0.4× length of mesoscutum, clearly visible; mesoscutum with notauli ( Fig. 63 ) Borneomymar

23(3) Propodeum and gt 1 with translucent reticulated structures ( Fig. 243 ).................................... Ptilomymar

- Propodeum and gt 1 without translucent reticulated structures................................................. 24

24(23) Mandibles about as long as head height and not capable of crossing medially (mandibular movement is in anterior/posterior direction); head in lateral view triangular; face with a large truncate projection between toruli ( Fig. 138 )....... Eubroncus

- Mandibles much shorter than head height and crossing medially when closed; head in lateral view quadrate; face without projection between toruli................................................................................ 25

25(24) Petiole in dorsal view shorter than wide, and scarcely visible................................................. 26

- Petiole in dorsal view at least as long as wide but usually much longer, and clearly visible.......................... 34

26(25) Scape inner surface almost always with several thickened, peg-like setae ( Fig. 198 )......... Omyomymar (Omyomymar)

- Scape inner surface without setae or, if setae present, these thin, not peg-like..................................... 27

27(26) Frenum completely divided medially by longitudinal groove into paramedial plates ( Figs 29 , 36 )..................... 28

- Frenum entire or not clearly or only partially divided medially by longitudinal groove............................. 29

28(27) Frenum with each paramedial plate wider than long; second phragma with apex truncate or convex ( Figs 22 , 29 , 36 )................................................................................................... Anagrus

- Frenum with each paramedial plate longer than wide; second phragma with apex notched medially........ Schizophragma

29(27) Fore wing with venation at least 0.5 × wing length and with a distinct line of microtrichia extending from apex of venation obliquely towards posterior margin of wing ( Fig. 54 )............................................. Australomymar

- Fore wing with venation at most 0.4× wing length and without such a line of microtrichia.......................... 30

30(29) Mandible reduced to small stub without teeth ( Fig. 129 ); maxillae elongate, together longer than wide; gena in lateral view narrow, almost absent; dorsellum projecting slightly over propodeum ( Fig. 131 ), as best seen in lateral view; genitalia often considerably extruded in dead specimens......................................................... Erythmelus

- Mandible not reduced and with teeth; maxillae more quadrate, together as wide as long; gena in lateral view wider; dorsellum not projecting over propodeum; genitalia not or only slightly extruded in dead specimens........................... 31

31(30) Face in lateral view flat or only slightly curved, not bulging anterior to level of eye so head in lateral view more or less rectangular; most flagellomeres longer than wide; propodeum with median groove..................................... 32

- Face in lateral view angular and bulging anterior to level of eye so head in lateral view more or less triangular; all flagellomeres quadrate, as long as wide or only slightly rectangular; propodeum without median groove.......................... 33

32(31) Scutellum without a short seta at lateral margin ( Fig. 41 )............................................... Anaphes

- Scutellum with a short seta at lateral margin ( Fig. 19 )............................................... Allanagrus

33(31) Fore wing parallel-sided or almost so and without a distinct lobe behind apex of venation ( Fig. 96 ); subantennal grooves about same colour as remainder of head................................................................ Cleruchus

- Fore wing distinctly widening towards apex and with a distinct lobe behind apex of venation ( Fig. 90 ); subantennal grooves black contrasting sharply with light coloured remainder of head ( Fig. 87 ).............................. Cleruchoides

34(25) Fore wing extremely narrow and parallel-sided in basal half then widening abruptly and considerably in apical half ( Fig. 177 ); hind wing either filamentous, without membrane, or narrow with only about 10 long fringe setae along posterior margin beyond venation and at apex ( Fig. 177 ), or reduced to a short stub................................................ Mymar

- Fore wing gradually widening from base towards apex; hind wing with wider membrane and fringe setae along both anterior and posterior margins and at apex....................................................................... 35

35(34) Fore wing cigar-like, with anterior and posterior margins strongly inrolled; pronotum slightly longer than length of mesoscutum + scutellum ( Fig. 184 ); mesoscutum about 0.6× as long as scutellum.................................... Mymarilla

- Fore wing flat, with anterior and posterior margins in same plane; pronotum much shorter than length of mesoscutum + scutellum ( Figs 147 , 213, 234, 259); mesoscutum about as long as scutellum ( Figs 147 , 213, 234, 259).................... 36

36(35) Mesothoracic spiracle closer to anterior apex of notaulus than to tegula ( Fig. 259 ); mesosoma smooth and shiny.................................................................................................... Stephanodes

- Mesothoracic spiracle closer to tegula than to anterior apex of notaulus (Figs 213, 234); mesosoma with at least some faint, usually engraved sculpture, and dull..................................................................... 37

37(35) Propodeum with V-shaped carinae medially ( Fig. 4 )............................................. Acmopolynema

- Propodeum either smooth or with 1 or 2 parallel median/submedian carinae..................................... 38

38(37) Petiole attached to gastral sternum posteriorly.................................................... Ganomymar

- Petiole attached to gastral tergum posteriorly.............................................................. 39

39(38) Face with small pit medially next to each torulus.......................................... Polynema (Doriclytus)

- Face without pit medially next to each torulus............................................................. 40

40(39) Propleura abutting medially anterior to prosternum (Fig. 215)........................................ Palaeoneura

- Propleura not abutting medially anterior to prosternum ( Fig. 238 ).............................................. 41

41(40) Fore wing without discal microtrichia only beyond apex of venation ( Fig. 236 ); scape with numerous thick setae on inner surface ( Fig. 235 )................................................................. Polynema (Dorypolynema)

- Fore wing with discal microtrichia also behind apex of venation; scape smooth or with cross-ridges................................................................................................. Polynema (Polynema) , part

Figures

FIGURES 10–12. Allanagrus sp. 10, head, anterior (inset, mouthparts); 11, antenna; 12, male antenna. Scale bars = 100 μm; mouthparts = 50 μm.

FIGURES 43–47. Arescon sp. 43, head, anterior; 44, head, dorsal; 45, antenna; 46, male antenna; 47, metasoma, lateral. Scale bars: 43–46 = 100 μm; 47 = 200 μm.

FIGURES 51–54. Australomymar sp. 51, male head, anterior; 52, antenna; 53, male antenna; 54, male wings. Scale bars: 51 = 100 μm; 52–54 = 200 μm.

FIGURES 87–89. Cleruchoides noackae Lin & Huber. 87, male head, anterior; 88, antenna; 89, male antenna. Scale bars = 100 μm.

FIGURES 120–123. Dorya sp. (Queensland, Brisbane Forest Park or Mt. Glorious). 120, head, anterior; 121, head dorsal; 122, antenna; 123, male antenna. Scale bars: 120, 121, 123 = 100 μm; 122 = 200 μm.

FIGURES 157–160. Heptagonatocerus madagascarensis Huber, holotype. 157, head, anterior; 158, antenna; 159, male antenna; 160, wings. Scale bars: 157 = 100 μm; 158–160 = 200 μm.

FIGURES 196–199. O. (Omyomymar) spp. 196, antenna; 197, male antenna; 198, male antenna with scape lateral (inner surface); 199, wings. Scale bars: 196–198 = 100 μm; 199 = 200 μm.

FIGURES 207–209. Ooctonus spp. 207, O. albiclavus Huber, holotype mesosoma, dorsal; 208, O. capensis Huber, male antenna, paratype; 209, O. capensis Huber, male metasoma with genitalia seen through gaster. Scale bars: 207 = 200 μm; 208 = 300 μm; 209 = 100 μm.

FIGURES 48, 49. Arescon sp. 48, wings; 49, mesosoma, dorsal. Scale bars: 48 = 200 μm; 49 = 100 μm.

FIGURES 62, 63. Borneomymar madagascar Huber, male. 62, wings; 63, mesosoma, dorsal. Scale bars = 200 μm.

FIGURES 102, 103. Cosmocomopsis spp., holotype. 102, C. mopsis Huber, habitus; 103, C. flopsis Huber, head, anterior. Scale bars: 102 = 500 μm; 103 = 200 μm.

FIGURES 150–152. Gonatocerus sp. 150, head, anterior; 151, antenna; 152, wings. Scale bars: 150 = 100 μm; 151, 152 = 200 μm.

FIGURES 170–172. Lymaenon sp. 170a, head, anterior; 170b, head, posterior; 171, wings; 172, mesosoma, dorsal. Scale bars: 170 = 100 μm; 171, 172 = 200 μm.

FIGURES 186–188. Octomicromeris compacta Huber. 186a, head, anterior; 186b, head, posterior; 187, holotype antenna; 188, holotype wings. Scale bars: 186 = 100 μm; 187, 188 = 200 μm.

FIGURES 261–263. Tanyxiphium sp. 261, female head, anterior; 262, antenna; 263, wings. Scale bars: 261 = 100 μm; 262, 263 = 200 μm.

FIGURES 161, 162. Heptagonatocerus madagascarensis Huber, holotype. 161, mesosoma, dorsal; 162a, metasoma, dorsal; 162b, genitalia seen through gaster. Scale bars: 161, 162a = 200 μm; 162b = 100 μm.

FIGURES 189, 190. Octomicromeris compacta Huber, holotype. 189, mesosoma, dorsal; 190a, metasoma, dorsal; 190b, genitalia seen through gaster. Scale bars = 200 μm.

FIGURES 264–266. Tanyxiphium sp. 264, mesosoma, dorsal; 265, gaster, lateral; 266, gaster, lateral, showing entire genitalia. Scale bars: 264, 265 = 100 μm; 266 = 500 μm.

FIGURES 270, 271. Zeyanus sp. 270, mesosoma, dorsal; 271, metasoma, lateral. Scale bars= 200 μm.

FIGURES 104–106. Cosmocomopsis mopsis Huber, holotype. 104, antenna; 105, wings; 106, mesosoma + petiole, dorsal. Scale bars: 104, 105 = 100 μm; 106 = 200 μm.

FIGURES 153, 154. Gonatocerus sp. 153, mesosoma, dorsal; 154, mesosoma, lateral. Scale bars = 100 μm.

FIGURES 69–71. Camptoptera diademata (Mathot). 69, holotype slide; 70, habitus; 71, antenna + opposite surface of clava of same antenna. Scale bars: 70 = 500 μm; 71 = 50 μm.

FIGURES 77, 78. Camptoptera (Eofoersteria) camptopteroides (Mathot), paratype. 77, habitus; 78, antenna. Scale bars: 77 = 200 μm; 78 = 50 μm.

FIGURES 81, 82. Camptopteroides sp. 81, mesosoma + metasoma, lateral (note fore wing wrapped around apex of frenum, with long proximal and distal macrochaetae projecting posterodorsally); 82, fore wing, with basal half in lateral view and apex half in ventral view; distal macrochaeta broken off leaving socket only. Scale bars: 81 = 500 μm; 82 = 200 μm.

FIGURES 253, 254. Stephanocampta sp. 251, mesosoma, dorsal; 252, metasoma, ventral, showing genitalia through gaster. Scale bars= 100 μm.

FIGURES 67, 68. Callodicopus sp. 67, mesosoma, dorsal; 68a, metasoma, dorsal; 68b, metasoma showing genitalia through gaster. Scale bars = 100 μm.

FIGURES 75, 76. Camptoptera sp. 75, mesosoma; dorsal; 76a, genitalia seen through gaster; 76b, metasoma, dorsal. Scale bars: 75, 76b = 100 μm; 76a = 50 μm.

FIGURES 72–74. Camptoptera sp. 72, head, anterior; 73, antenna; 74, wings. Scale bars: 72, 73 = 100 μm; 74 = 200 μm.

FIGURES 107–109. Dicopomorpha sp. 107a, head, anterior; 107b, head, posterior; 108 antenna; 109, wings. Scale bars: 107, 108 = 100 μm; 109 = 200 μm.

FIGURES 83, 84. Camptopteroides sp. 83, head + mesosoma, dorsal; 84, metasoma, dorsal (with apex turned dorsally). Scale bars = 200 μm.

FIGURES 112–114. Dicopus sp. 112a, head, anterior; 112b, head posterior; 113, antenna; 114, wings. Scale bars: 112, 113 = 100 μm; 114 = 200 μm.

FIGURES 6–8. Alaptus sp. 6, head, anterior; 7, antenna; 8, wings. Scale bars: 6 = 50 μm; 7 = 100 μm; 8 = 200 μm.

FIGURES 166, 167. Litus sp. 166, mesosoma + anterior half of metasoma, dorsal; 167a, metasoma, dorsal; 167b, genitalia seen through gaster. Scale bars = 50 μm.

FIGURES 168, 169. Litus sp. 168, head + mesosoma, lateral; 169, metasoma, lateral. Scale bars = 100 μm.

FIGURES 110, 111. Dicopomorpha sp. 110, mesosoma, dorsal; 111a, metasoma, dorsal; 111b, genitalia seen through gaster. Scale bars = 100 μm.

FIGURES 243, 244. Ptilomymar sp. 243, mesosoma, dorsal; 244, metasoma, lateral. Scale bars = 100 μm.

FIGURES 137–139. Eubroncus sp. 137, right antennae, lateral, inner (top) and outer (bottom) surfaces; 138, head, dorsal; 139, wings. Scale bars: 137 = 100 μm; 138 = 50 μm; 139 = 200 μm.

FIGURES 29, 30. Anagrus (Anagrus) sp. 29, mesosoma, dorsal; 30a, metasoma, dorsal; 30b, genitalia seen though gaster. Scale bars = 100 μm.

FIGURES 36, 37. Anagrus (Paranagrus) sp. 36, mesosoma, dorsal; 37a, metasoma, dorsal; 37b, genitalia seen through gaster. Scale bars = 100 μm.

FIGURES 21–25. Anagrus (Anagrella) sp. 21, head, anterior; 22, mesosoma, dorsal; 23, antenna; 24, wings; 25, body minus head, dorsal. Scale bars: 21, 22 = 100 μm; 23, 24 = 200 μm; 25 = 500 μm.

FIGURES 128–130. Erythmelus (Erythmelus) sp. 128, antenna; 129, head, anterior; 130, wings. Scale bars: 128 = 100 μm; 129 = 50 μm; 130 = 200 μm.

FIGURES 131, 132. Erythmelus (Erythmelus) sp. 131, mesosoma, dorsal; 132a, metasoma, dorsal; 132b, genitalia seen through gaster. Scale bars = 100 μm.

FIGURES 41, 42. A. (Anaphes) sp. 41, mesosoma, dorsal; 42a, metasoma dorsal; 42b, genitalia seen through gaster. Scale bars = 200 μm.

FIGURES 19, 20. Allanagrus sp. 19, mesosoma + base of metasoma, dorsal; 20a, apex of mesosoma + metasoma, dorsal; 20b, genitalia seen through gaster. Scale bars = 100 μm.

FIGURES 94–96. Cleruchus?depressus (Annecke). 94a, head, dorsal; 94b, mouthparts seen through head; 95, head, lateral; 96, wings. Scale bars: 94, 95 = 50 μm; 96 = 200 μm.

FIGURES 90, 91. Cleruchoides noackae Lin & Huber. 90, wings; 91, mesosoma, dorsal. Scale bars = 100 μm.

FIGURES 175–177. Mymar africanum Annecke. 175a, head, anterior; 175b, head, posterior; 176, antenna; 177, wings. Scale bars: 175 = 100 μm; 176, 177 = 200 μm.

FIGURES 184, 185. Mymarilla wollastoni Westwood. 184, mesosoma, dorsal; 185a, gaster, dorsal; 185b, genitalia seen through gaster. Scale bars = 200 μm.

FIGURES 147–149. Ganomymar dessarti De Santis. 147, habitus, dorsal, Madagascar,Alaotra-Mangoro,Andasibe (= Périnet); 148, holotype antenna; 149, holotype fore wing. Scale bars = 500 μm.

FIGURES 259, 260. Stephanodes sp. 259, mesosoma, dorsal; 260a; metasoma, dorsal; 260b, genitalia seen through gaster. Scale bars: 259, 260b = 100 μm; 260a = 200 μm

FIGURES 4, 5. Acmopolynema sp. male. 4, mesosoma + petiole, dorsal; 5a, gaster, dorsal; 5b, gaster ventral, genitalia seen through gaster. Scale bars = 200 μm.

FIGURES 237, 238. Polynema (Polynema) sp. 237, wings; 238, mesosoma, ventral, seen through body. Scale bars: 237 = 200 μm; 238 = 60 μm.

FIGURES 235, 236. Polynema (Dorypolynema) mboroense Risbec. 235, male head, anterior; 236, wings. Scale bars: 235 = 100 μm; 236 = 200 μm.