Neochromadora Micoletzky, 1924

Venekey, Virag, Gheller, Paula F., Kandratavicius, Noelia, Cunha, Beatriz Pereira, Vilas-Boas, Ana Carolina, Fonseca, Gustavo & Maria, Tatiana F., 2019, The state of the art of Chromadoridae (Nematoda, Chromadorida): a historical review, diagnoses and comments about valid and dubious genera and a list of valid species, Zootaxa 4578 (1), pp. 1-67 : 41-43

Genus Neochromadora Micoletzky, 1924

The genus Neochromadora was established by Micoletzky (1924) to accommodate Chromadora poecilosoma (de Man, 1893) (designed as the type species), Chromadora craspedota ( Steiner, 1916) and Chromadora poecilosomoides ( Filipjev, 1918) . Micoletzky (1924) considered Neochromadora as close to Euchromadora , but distinct in the complex structure of the cuticle. After Micoletzky (1924), 7 species were added to Neochromadora [ N. izhorica ( Filipjev, 1929) ; N. trichophora ( Steiner, 1921) ; N. tecta Gerlach, 1951 ; N. attenuate ; N. complexa Gerlach, 1953 ; N. amembranata Wieser, 1954 and N. brevisetosa Wieser, 1954 ]. Wieser (1954) proposed two subgenera, Trichodorina and Neochromadora , based on the morphology of dorsal tooth, pharyngeal bulb and measurements of cervical and somatic setae. He also transferred Spiliphera aberrans Cobb, 1930 , Chromadora craspedota Steiner, 1916 and Chromadora sabulicola , and described two new species of Neochromadora ( N. calathifera and N. lateralis ), adding up to 15 species in his key. N. attenuata was later renamed as Prochromadorella attenuata . After Wieser (1954), 11 new valid species were described to Neochromadora ( N. bonita Gerlach, 1956 ; N. coudenhovei Wieser, 1956 ; N. notocraspedota Allgén, 1958 ; N. appiana Wieser, 1959 ; N. pugilator Wieser, 1959 ; N. alatocorpa Hopper, 1961 ; N. nitida Timm , 1 961; N. munita Lorenzen, 1972 ; N. paratecta Blome, 1974 ; N. paramunita Boucher, 1976 and N. angelica Riemann, 1976 ). Timm (1978) transferred Spilophera edentata to Neochromadora and suggested Neochromadora izhorica as synonym of N. (Neochromadora) edentata . After Timm (1978), six other new species were described in the genus ( N. bilineata Kito, 1978 ; N. oshoroana Kito, 1981 ; N. orientalis Lemzina, 1982 ; N. lineata Pastor de Ward, 1985 ; N. papillosa Pastor de Ward, 1985 and N. nicolae Vincx, 1986 ). Neochromadora trilineata was described by Schneider (1943) but later was considered a synonym of Punctodora ohridensis by Gerlach & Meyl (1957). However, subsequently, Hopper (1963) removed the synonym of Neochromadora trilineata to P. ohridiensis and considered the former species as incertae sedis since there was no material available for further investigation. The species N. paramunita was synonymized with N. munita by Vincx (1986). We recognize 31 species as valid.

Diagnosis (modified from Tchesunov 2014): Cuticle ornamentation heterogeneous and complex, with lateral differentiation visible as two or three longitudinal rows of large dots. Six small outer labial setae or papillae and four cephalic setae in separate circles. Inner labial sensilla may be conspicuous in one species ( N. munita ). Presence of somatic setae in some species. Amphideal fovea transverse slit-like and loop shaped. Buccal cavity with a dorsal tooth and two ventrosublateral teeth, in some species the dorsal one being larger than the others. Denticles can be present. Pharynx anteriorly not swollen or swollen next to the dorsal tooth. Pharynx with a single well-developed posterior bulb. Male usually with numerous precloacal supplements. It is mainly a marine genus, but one species was recovered in freshwater ( N. orientalis ) and three were recovered in brackish water ( N. bonita , N. complexa and N. izhorica ) habitats.

Number of valid species: 31

Genus Neochromadora Micoletzky, 1924

VALID SPECIES

1. Neochromadora aberrans ( Cobb, 1930) Wieser, 1954 (Antarctic, Commonwealth Bay)

Syn. Spiliphera aberrans Cobb, 1930

2. Neochromadora alatocorpa Hopper, 1961 ( USA, Alabama)

3. Neochromadora amembranata Wieser, 1954 (Mediterranean Sea)

4. Neochromadora angelica Riemann, 1976 ( Helgoland ( Germany)

5. Neochromadora appiana Wieser, 1959 ( USA, Washington)

6. Neochromadora bilineata Kito, 1978 ( Japan, Hokkaido)

7. Neochromadora bonita Gerlach, 1956 ( Brazil, Cananeia)

8. Neochromadora brevisetosa Wieser, 1954 (Mediterranean Sea)

9. Neochromadora calathifera Wieser, 1954 ( Chile, Seno Reloncavi)

10. Neochromadora complexa Gerlach, 1953 ( Chile, Seno Ultima Esperanza)

11. Neochromadora coudenhovei Wieser, 1956 ( Greece, Piraeus)

12. Neochromadora craspedota ( Steiner, 1916) Wieser, 1954 (Arctic Ocean, Barents Sea)

Syn. Chromadora craspedota Steiner, 1916

13. Neochromadora edentata ( Cobb, 1914) Timm, 1978 (Antarctic, Cape Royds)

Syn. Nygmatonchus edentata ( Cobb, 1914) Wieser, 1954

Spiliphera edentata Cobb, 1914

14. Neochromadora izhorica ( Filipjev, 1929) Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1935 (Baltic Sea, Neva Bay)

Syn. Chromadorella izhorica Filipjev, 1929

15. Neochromadora lateralis Wieser, 1954 (Seno Reloncavi, Chile)

16. Neochromadora lineata Pastor de Ward, 1985 ( Argentina, Deseado river)

17. Neochromadora munita Lorenzen, 1972 (North Sea)

Syn. Neochromadora paramunita Boucher, 1976

18. Neochromadora nicolae Vincx, 1986 (North Sea)

19. Neochromadora nitida Timm, 1961 (Indian Ocean, Bengal bay)

20. Neochromadora notocraspedota Allgén, 1958 ( Uruguay)

21. Neochromadora orientalis Lemzina, 1982 ( Kyrgyzstan, Lake Issyk-Kul)

22. Neochromadora oshoroana Kito, 1981 ( Japan, Oshoro Bay)

23. Neochromadora papillosa Pastor de Ward, 1985 ( Argentina, Deseado river)

24. Neochromadora paratecta Blome, 1974 (North Sea)

25. Neochromadora poecilosoma (de Man, 1893) Micoletzky, 1924 (North Sea, English Channel)

Syn. Chromadora poecilosoma de Man, 1893

26. Neochromadora poecilosomoides ( Filipjev, 1918) Micoletzky, 1924 (Black Sea)

Syn. Chromadora poecilosomoides Filipjev, 1918

27. Neochromadora pugilator Wieser, 1959 ( USA, Washington)

28. Neochromadora sabulicola ( Filipjev, 1918) Wieser, 1954 (Kruglaya Bay and Georgievskii Monastery Bay) Syn. Chromadora sabulicola Filipjev, 1918

29. Neochromadora tecta Gerlach, 1951 ( Germany, Amrum island)

30. Neochromadora torquata Wieser, 1954 (Seno Reloncavi, Chile)

31. Neochromadora trichophora ( Steiner, 1921) Gerlach, 1951 (Canary Islands)

Syn. Spiliphera trichophora Steiner, 1921

Neochromadora longisetosa Schuurmans-Stekhoven, 1935

SPECIES INCERTAE SEDIS

1. Neochromadora trilineata Schneider, 1943

Genus Panduripharynx Timm, 1961

The genus Panduripharynx was established by Timm (1961) to accommodate the species P. ornata from the Bay of Bengal. It is distinguished from other genera of the sub-family Hypodontolaiminae on the basis of the structure of the stoma and pharynx, and the cuticular ornamentation. Belogurov et al. (1985) described P. pacifica but Dashchenko (1989) transferred P. bidentatus and P. unidentatus from Spilophorella and synonymized P. pacificus with P. unidentatus .

Diagnosis (modified from Tchesunov 2014): Cuticle heterogeneous and complex with lateral differentiation of larger dots bordering the lateral field. Anterior sensilla in three separate circles. Amphideal fovea transverse slitlike shaped. Buccal cavity broad, with large dorsal tooth with small apophysis, two smaller ventrosublateral teeth, and solid denticles; well-cuticularized walls. Peribuccal pharyngeal tissue swollen dorsally; bulb double, massive, panduriform, with heavy internal sclerotizations. No precloacal supplements in males. Marine.