Grynocharis Thomson, 1862

Kolibac, Jiri, 2013, Trogossitidae: A review of the beetle family, with a catalogue and keys, ZooKeys 366, pp. 1-194 : 126-128

Genus Grynocharis Thomson, 1862 Figs 12 , 18 ; Map 13

Grynocharis Thomson, C. G. 1862: 71.

Type species.

Silpha oblonga Linnaeus, 1758 [by original designation and monotypy]

Léveillé, A. 1910: 31. Barron, J. R. 1971: 32. Kolibáč, J. 2005: 58 (redescription). Kolibáč, J. 2006: 111 (phylogeny). Kolibáč, J. 2007a: 365. Kolibáč, J. 2010: 35 (key). Lafer, G. Sh. 1992: 84. Larsson, S. G. 1978: 150 (Baltic amber fossil). Spahr, U. 1981: 74 (amber and copal fossils)

Gaurambe Thomson, 1859

Barron, J. R. 1971: 32 (syn. Gaurambe Thomson, 1859; misapplied)

Description.

Body size: about 5.5-8.0 mm. Body shape flat. Gular sutures wide, convergent at apex. Frontoclypeal suture broadly emarginate. Frons: longitudinal groove or depression absent. Cranium ventrally: tufts of long setae at sides absent. Submentum: ctenidium absent. Antennal groove present. Eyes: size moderate. Eyes number: two. Epicranial acumination deep. Lacinial hooks: two. Galea: shape sub-clavate. Galea: ciliate setae absent. Mediostipes-Lacinia not fused. Palpifer: outer edge even. Mandibular apical teeth number: two, horizontally situated. Mola reduced but present. Penicillus (at base) present (fine, often membranous). Pubescence above mola or cutting edge absent. Ventral furrow present, not ciliate. Basal notch shallow or absent. Labrum-Cranium not fused. Epipharyngial sclerite absent. Lateral tormal process: projection curved downwards, processes with bridge ( Peltis ). Ligula: ciliate setae absent. Ligula membranous, not retroflexed, weakly emarginate. Hypopharyngeal sclerite consisting of two separate parts. Antenna 11-segmented. Antennal club weakly asymmetrical, sensorial fields absent. Front coxal cavities externally open, internally open. Pronotum transverse. Prepectus present. Middle coxal cavities open. Elytra: long hairs absent. Epipleuron moderate. Elytral interlocking mechanism absent, carinae conspicuous. Elytral punctation regular, scales absent. Wing: radial cell moved down, often small, wedge cell absent, cross vein MP3-4 absent, cross vein AA1+2-3+4 absent. Front tibiae: spines along side moderate. Hooked spur present. Claws: denticle absent. Parasternites number along ventrites III-VII: two. Spiculum gastrale present. Tegmen composed of three parts.

Larva: Frontal arms V-shaped. Epicranial stem absent. Endocarina present. Stemmata number: two. Mandibular apical teeth number: two, horizontally situated. Lacinia mandibulae plumose. Mola absent. Maxillary palpi 3-segmented. Pedunculate seta absent. Mala simple. Mala: bidentate protrusion absent. Cardo-Stipes not fused. Cardo: size nearly as large as stipes. Ligula present. Labial palpi 2-segmented. Prementum in single part. Antennal joints 1 and 2 elongate. Sensory appendix medium sized (to half of joint 3). Thoracic sclerites pattern (dorsally) 1-2-2. Abdominal segment IX transversely divided. Tergite IX flat. Urogomphi present, hooked; median process present.

Biology.

Adults and larvae of Grynocharis oblonga live under bark or bark scales and in rotten wood of deciduous and coniferous trees (willow, birch, spruce, fir); they are fungivorous. In the USA, the species have been collected on Libocedrus decurrens and Populus ( Barron 1971).

Distribution.

Europe including Russia to the Urals, Caucasus; USA excluding central and southern states, Canada: south-western and south-eastern states.

Species:

Grynocharis caucasica Motschulsky, 1863; Caucasus (JK)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 31 ( Ostoma ). Kolibáč, J. 2007a: 366 (nomen dubium)

Grynocharis oblonga Linnaeus, 1758; all Europe to Russia (varA)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 31 ( Ostoma (subgen. Grynocharis )). Bahillo de la Puebla, P. & López-Colón, J. I. 2004: 129. Borowiec, L. 1983: 13. Burakowski, B. et al. 1986: 119. Conrad, R. 1995: 190. Gobbi, G. 1996: 65. Klausnitzer, B. 1976: 8. Klausnitzer, B. 1978: 178. Klausnitzer, B. 1996: 163. Kolibáč, J. 1993a: 21. Kolibáč, J. 1993b: 90. Kolibáč, J. 2005: 58 (redescription). Kolibáč, J. 2006: 107 (larva, phylogeny). Kolibáč, J. 2007a: 365 (distribution). Lafer, G. Sh. 1992: 84. Lemdahl, G. 2001: 39 (biology). Mitter, H. 1998: 561. Nilsson, S. G. 1997: 1 (biology). Pileckis, S. & Monsevičius, V. 1995: 272. Reitter, E. 1876: 63 ( Ostoma ). Vogt, H. 1967: 18

Grynocharis oregonensis Schaeffer, 1918; USA, Canada: western states (JRB)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 31 ( Ostoma (subgen. Grynocharis ) oregonensis Crotch, 1873). Barron, J. R. 1971: 34. Dajoz, R. 1997: 44 (biology)

Grynocharis pubescens Erichson, 1844; Georgia, South European Territory of Russia, „Caucasus”, Crimea (JK)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 31 ( Ostoma (subgen. Grynocharis )). Lafer, G. Sh. 1992: 84. Kolibáč, J. 2006: 107. Kolibáč, J. 2007a: 365. Mamaev, B. M. 1976: 1656 (larva). Reitter, E. 1876: 63 ( Ostoma )

Grynocharis quadrilineata Melsheimer, 1844; NE USA, Canada: Ontario, Quebec (JRB)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 31 ( Ostoma (subgen. Grynocharis ) marginata Melsheimer, 1844). Barron, J. R. 1971: 33 (syn. Grynocharis marginata Melsheimer, 1844, synonymized by Lacordaire 1854?). Reitter, E. 1876: 63 ( Ostoma )

Figures

Figure 12. A Grynocharis oblonga B Grynocharina peltiformis C Lophocateres pusillus D Promanus auripilis E Promanus subcostatus F Promanus depressus G Peltonyxa sp., Australia, NSW H Trichocateres fasciculifer.

Map 13. A distribution of the tribe Lophocaterini.

Figure 18. A Thymalus limbatus, elytral apex with interlocking mechanism B-E Decamerus haemorhoidalis (B prothorax with partially closed procoxal cavities C metatarsal claws with denticle D protarsus with projecting empodium E irregular punctation of elytra) F Grynocharis oblonga, elytral sculpture G-H Lophocateres pusillus (G head in frontal view with deeply emarginate frontoclypeal suture H detail).