Orchis L., 1753

D. M. Moore (ed.), 1980, CCIII Orchidaceae, Flora Europaea, Vol 5: Alismataceae to Orchidaceae, Camebridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 325-350 : 337-338

24. Orchis L. 1

Tubers 2-3, globose to ellipsoid, entire. Perianth-segments free, equal, or sometimes the inner smaller, all convergent into a galea or the outer patent and deflexed. Labellum porrect or slightly decurved, entire to 3-lobed, glabrous or papillose. Spur present. Bracts membranous. Rostellum 3-lobed, the middle lobe short, lamelliform. Viscidia in a 2-lobed bursicle.

Literature: R. von Soö, Bot. Arch. (Leipzig) 23: 35-61 (1928); Jahresb. Naturw. Ver. Wuppertal 25: 37-48 (1972).

1 At least the lateral outer perianth-segments patent or deflexed, the median sometimes convergent into a galea with the 2 inner perianth-segments

2 Flowers at apex of spike opening first 2. boryi

2 Flowers at base of spike opening first

3 Leaves linear or lanceolate, narrowed towards apex, patent 23. laxiflora

3 Leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate or -ovate, rarely lanceolate, gradually narrowed towards base, appressed or in a basal rosette

4 Spur filiform or linear-conical, attenuate towards apex

5 Spur linear-conical, wider towards mouth; inner perianth- segments oblong-ovate, subobtuse 21. anatolica

5 Spur filiform, not wider towards mouth; inner perianth- segments ovate, obtuse 22. quadripunctata

4 Spur cylindrical or saccate

6 Two lateral outer perianth-segments erecto-patent or patent-deflexed; spur directed downwards; bracts 5 to 7-veined

7 Labellum undivided 15. saccata

7 Labellum 3-lobed

8 Spike long-cylindrical; spur saccate; base of labellum with 2 inconspicuous ridges 16. patens

8 Spike ovoid or shortly cylindrical; spur conic- cylindrical; base of labellum with 2 conspicuous ridges 17. spitzelii

6 Two lateral outer perianth-segments deflexed, rarely erecto-patent; spur patent; bracts 1 - to 3-veined

9 Flowers pink to purple; outer perianth-segments ovate or oblong-lanceolate, obtuse to acuminate 18. mascula

9 Flowers pale yellow; outer perianth-segments ovate- oblong, obtuse

10 Spur slightly shorter than ovary; spike dense; leaves oblong or oblong-obovate, distributed along lower half of stem 19. pallens

10 Spur as long as or longer than ovary; spike lax to dense; leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, crowded at base of stem 20. provincialis

1 All 5 perianth-segments ± convergent into a galea

11 Labellum entire 1. papilionacea

11 Labellum 3-lobed

12 Spur patent or somewhat carved upwards; labellum about as wide as or somewhat wider than long

13 Spur filiform; flowers at apex of spike opening first 2. boryi

13 Spur cylindrical; flowers at base of spike opening first

14 Spur about as long as to slightly longer than labellum 3. morio

14 Spur much longer than labellum 4. longicomu

12 Spur directed downwards; labellum longer than wide

15 Middle lobe of labellum entire or denticulate, without purple spots

16 Stem with 4-7 leaves; leaves linear to narrowly lanceo­ late; spur conical, slightly incurved and not narrowly attenuate towards apex 5. coriophora

16 Stem with sheaths only; leaves oblong-lanceolate; spur subhamate-incurved, narrowly attenuate towards apex 6. sancta

15 Middle lobe of labellum deeply emarginate to 2-fid, usually with purple spots

17 Bracts somewhat shorter than to about as long as ovary; median lobe of labellum not apiculate between the lobules

18 Outer perianth-segments 3-3-5 mm; spike ovoid, becoming cylindrical; spur i— 1 /2as long as ovary 7. ustulata

18 Outer perianth-segments 6-12 mm; spike conical, becoming ovoid; spur at least 1 /2as long as ovary

19 Stem 15-45 cm; flowers pale violet-lilac; middle lobe of labellum cuneate-obovate, emarginate; spur 1 /2 as long as ovary 8. tridentata

19 Stem 7-20 cm; flowers white or greenish-pink; middle lobe of labellum orbicular-obovate, usually not emarginate; spur sometimes longer than ovary 9. lactea

17 Bracts much shorter than ovary; middle lobe of labellum with an apiculum, teeth or laciniae between the lobules

20 Lobules of middle lobe of labellum linear, with teeth or linear laciniae between them

21 Base of labellum with 2 triangular lamellae, scarcely papillose; lateral lobes and lobules of the middle lobe of the labellum ± flat, acute 10. italica

21 Base of labellum without lamellae, minutely papillose; lateral lobes and lobules of middle lobe of labellum subfalcate, obtuse 11. simia

20 Lobules of middle lobe of labellum ovate or oblong, with an apiculum or teeth between them

22 Perianth-segments brownish-purple 14. purpurea

22 Perianth-segments pink, whitish or yellowish-green

23 Spur narrowly cylindrical, i as long as ovary; galea whitish- or greyish-pink; labellum purple, white at base 12. militaris

23 Spur broadly cylindrical, as long as ovary; galea and labellum yellowish-green 13. punctulata