Bos Linnaeus 1758

Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Artiodactyla, Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 637-722 : 690

Bos Linnaeus 1758

Bos Linnaeus 1758 , Syst. Nat., 10th ed., Vol. 1: 71 .

Type Species: Bos taurus Linnaeus 1758

Species and subspecies: 5 species with 11 subspecies:

Species Bos frontalis Lambert 1804

Subspecies Bos frontalis subsp. frontalis Lambert 1804

Subspecies Bos frontalis subsp. laosiensis Heude 1901

Subspecies Bos frontalis subsp. gaurus C. H. Smith 1827

Subspecies Bos frontalis subsp. sinhaleyus Deraniyagala 1951

Species Bos grunniens Linnaeus 1766

Subspecies Bos grunniens subsp. grunniens Linnaeus 1766

Subspecies Bos grunniens subsp. mutus Przewalski 1883

Species Bos javanicus d'Alton 1823

Subspecies Bos javanicus subsp. javanicus d'Alton 1823

Subspecies Bos javanicus subsp. lowi Lydekker 1912

Species Bos sauveli Urbain 1937

Species Bos taurus Linnaeus 1758

Subspecies Bos taurus subsp. taurus Linnaeus 1758

Subspecies Bos taurus subsp. indicus Linnaeus 1758

Subspecies Bos taurus subsp. primigenius Bojanus 1827

Discussion: Includes Bibos , Novibos , and Poephagus ; see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951:380). Genus traditionally comprises B. frontalis or Bibos group (includes also B. javanicus and B. sauveli ), B. taurus or nominate Bos group, and B. grunniens or Poephagus group. From cranial morphometrics Groves (1981 d) suggested that Bibos group is paraphyletic, B. sauveli is related to B. taurus , and Bison should be included in Bos . From mtDNA sequences, the most parsimonious cladogram suggested that Poephagus plus Bison formed the sister-group of domestic cattle, but Bibos was not studied ( Miyamoto et al., 1989). From cranial morphometrics, Geraads (1992) suggested Bison plus Poephagus is the sister-group of Bibos plus nominate Bos , with Bibos paraphyletic. Using restriction-site mapping of nuclear-ribosomal DNA regions, Wall et al. (1992) came to similar conclusions but with the position of Poephagus unresolved and " Bibos " species, Bos javanicus and Bos gaurus (= frontalis ), sister species.