Desmodium frutescens Schindl., Rep., 2014

Lima, Laura Cristina Pires, Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci De, Tozzi, Ana Maria Goulart De Azevedo & Lewis, Gwilym Peter, 2014, A Taxonomic Revision of Desmodium (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) in Brazil, Phytotaxa 169 (1), pp. 1-119 : 52-55

15. Desmodium incanum DC., Prodr. 2: 332. 1825. Hedysarum incanum Sw, Prodr. 107. 1788, nom illeg., non Thunb, 1784. Meibomia adscendens var. incana (DC.) Kuntze, Revis gen. Pl. 1: 195. 1891. Meibomia incana (DC.) Vail, Bull. Torrey Bot Club 19: 118. 1892. Meibomia incana O.F. Cook e G.N. Collins, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 8: 189. 1903, nom. illeg., hom. post. Desmodium canum Schinz e Thell., Mem. Soc. Neaucht. Sci. Nat. 5: 371. 1913. Meibomia cana S.F. Blake Bot. Gaz. 78: 276. 1924, nom. illeg. Desmodium frutescens Schindl., Rep. Spec. Nov. Regni 23: 116. 1926, non Hedysarum frutescens L., 1753. Lectotype (designated by Schubert 1971):—" Hedysarum folliis ternatis, foliolis ovatis, floribus spicatis" (Plumier, ed Burm., Pl. Amer. p. 140, Tabula 149, 1757). Fig. 17 .

Hedysarum canescens Mill., Gard. Dict. Ed. 8. 1768, nom. iIleg., non Linnaeus, 1753. Hedysarum supinum Sw., Prodr. 106. 1788, nom. iIleg., non Chaix ex Villars, 1779. Desmodium supinum DC., Prodr. 2: 332. 1825. Desmodium incanum var. supinum (Sw.) Hook. e Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. : 417. 1841, nom. illeg. Meibomia supina (Sw.) Britton, Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 7: 83. 1892, nom. illeg. Lectotype (designated by Nicolson 1978):—" Hedysarum triphyllum fruticosum supinum, flore purpureo": Sloane, Voy Jamaica 1: 185, Tabula118, 1707.

Hedysarum diversifolium Poir., Encycl. 6(2): 403. 1805. Desmodium diversifolium (Poir.) DC., Prodr. 2: 334. 1825. Type :— MADAGASCAR. l'Ile-de-Madagascar, P. Commerson s.n. (holotype P-JU!, isotypes G-DC!, FI-W!) .

Desmodium sparsiflorum G. Don, Gen. hist. 2: 294. 1832. Lectotype (designated here):—" Ilha de Saint Thomas , G. Don s.n. " (lectotype BR!, isolectotype BM!).

Desmodium diversifolium Schltdl., Linnaea 12: 313. 1838, nom. illeg., non De Candolle, 1825. Desmodium variifolium Steud., Nomencl. Bot. Ed. 2.1: 496. 1840. Meibomia variifolia (Steud.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 198. 1891. Type:— MEXICO. Hacienda de la laguna, 28 August, C.J.W. Schiede s.n. (holotype HAL 51029!).

Desmodium incanum f. obovatifolium Wawra , Flora 16: 245. 1864. Type:— BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Cantagalo , November , T. Peckolt 125 (holotype W!) .

Desmodium incanum f. minor Chodat & Hassl., Bull. Herb. Boissier , sér. 2, 4(9): 891. 1904. Lectotype (designated here):— PARAGUAY. in camis Cordillera de Altos, January, E. Hassler 3816 (lectotype G00070259 !, isolectotypes G00070256 !, G00070258 !, K!, P![2 sheets], W!).

Meibomia ovalis Rusby, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 7(3): 264. 1927. Type :— BOLIVIA. Rurrenabaque, 100 feeets, 15 October 1921, H.H. Rusby 1285 (holotype NY*!, isotypes BKL*!, MICH*!), syn. nov.

Prostrate, ascendent, decumbent or erect, branched subshrub, lacking stolons rooting at the nodes, without a xylopodium; stems virgate or not, slender, cylindrical, sulcate, sparsely or densely puberulous-uncinate, uncinate or tomentose or glabrescent, not glaucous; internodes 1.2–2.5 cm long. Stipules 6–8 × 2–2.5 mm, triangular, not auriculate, semi-amplexicaul, inserted perpendicularly at the base of the leaf petiole, partially fused from each other, apex caudate, margin ciliate, sparsely puberulous-uncinate and tomentose, veins conspicuous, persistent. Leaves trifoliolate; petiole 2–30 mm long, cylindrical, sulcate, sparsely puberulous-uncinate; rachis 2–6 mm long;

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stipels 4–8 mm long, subulate or lanceolate, margin ciliate, glabrescent on the outer surface, persistent; leaflets discolorous, chartaceous or coriaceous, venation brochidodromous, primary and secondary veins prominent, tertiary veins flush with the abaxial surface, indumentum densely tomentose and pubescent on the primary, secondary and tertiary veins on the abaxial surface, adaxial surface glabrescent or pubescent, uncinate hairs covering both surfaces, terminal leaflet 4–10 × 1–5.4 cm, elliptic, narrowly elliptic, narrowly obovate, broadly obovate, broadly oblong, oblong or ovate, base oblique or obtuse, apex subacute, acuminate or obtuse, mucronate, lateral leaflets 2.5–6 × 1–2.5 cm, the same shape as the terminal leaflet. Inflorescence a terminal or axillary pseudoraceme; the main axis longer than the adjacent leaves, 7–18 cm long, sparsely or densely puberulousuncinate and hispid, 2–3 flowers per node; primary bract 2–3 mm long, lanceolate, margin ciliate, puberulous–uncinate on the outer surface, caducous, veins conspicuous on the outer surface; secondary bract ca. 1 mm long, lanceolate, margin ciliate, puberulous-uncinate on the outer surface, caducous, veins inconspicuous on the outer surface; pedicel 4–9 mm long, sparsely puberulous-uncinate and hispid. Flowers 4.5–5 mm long; calyx bilabiate, tube campanulate, 1–1.5 mm long, tomentose and puberulous-uncinate on the outer surface; upper lip bifid, oblong, the 2 teeth joined for ca. ¾ of their length, acute, ca. 0.2 mm long; lower lip trifid, lateral tooth triangular, 1–1.2 mm long, central tooth triangular, ca. 1.5 mm long; corolla lilac, purple or white, standard 4.5–5 × 4–5 mm, orbicular, apex obcordate, maculate at the base, claw ca. 1.5 mm long; wing petals 4.5–5 × 1.5 mm, oblong, apex obtuse, without callosities, claw ca. 1 mm long; keel petals 4.5–5 × 1.5 mm, narrowly obovate, apex obtuse, with callosities, claw 0.5 mm long; androecium diadelphous, 4.5–5 mm long, vexillary stamen free; ovary 2.5–3 mm long, tomentose, stipe ca. 0.5 mm long, glabrous. Loment 1.2–2.4 cmlong, stipe 1.5–2 mm long, uncinate, isthmus marginal, upper suture straight, lower suture crenate; articles uniform 4–8, 4–5 × 3–3.5 mm, quadrangular or oblong, not tortuous, dehiscents, subcoriaceous, veins inconspicuous, densely uncinate. Seed 3 × 2 mm, oblong, hilum central.

Selected specimens examined:— BRAZIL. Acre: Cruzeiro do Sul: Serra do Moa , 1 May 1971, fl., fr., P. J . Maas 12684 ( INPA) . Alagoas: Maceió: Saúde , 20 July 2000, fl., R. P. L . Lemos et al. 4924 ( HUEFS) . Amapá: Ferreira Gomes: BR-156, Km 72 de Tartarugalzinho para Ferreira Gomes , Ponte do rio Tracajatuba , 3 September 1988, fl., fr., N. M. S . Costa et al. 2269 ( CEN). Amazonas: Manaus: Estrada de Flores próximo a Mello Matos , 12 October 1955, fr., J . Chagas 2132 ( INPA) . Bahia: Rui Barbosa: Serra do Orobó , 26 May 2005, fl., fr., L. P . de Queiroz et al. 10645 ( HUEFS). Distrito Federal: Brasília: Bacia do rio São Bartolomeu , 17 March 1980, fr., E. P . Heringer et al. 3820 ( LISC *) . Espírito Santo: Linhares: Reserva da Companhia Vale do Rio Doce, estrada Roxinho , próximo ao aceiro Catelã , 8 April 2006, fl., G. Q . Freire et al. 77 ( HUEFS, RB) . Goiás: Niquelândia : ca. 5 km Oeste de Niquelândia, 25 January 1972, fl., H. S . Irwin et al. 34989 ( UB) . Maranhão: São Mateus: Perto do Km 150-165 da BR-135, ca. 15-30 km de São Mateus , 28 September 1980, fl., D. C . Daly et al. 323 ( MG) . Mato Grosso: Poconé: rodovia Transpantaneira MT-060, Pantanal , 11 June 2007, fl., fr., V. J . Pott & A . Pott 9372 ( CGMS) . Mato Grosso do Sul: Naviraí: Sede da fazenda Dois Irmãos , 26 September 2008, fl., fr., L. C. P . Lima et al. 433 ( HUEFS) . Minas Gerais: Juiz de Fora: Morro do Imperador , 20 November 2001, fl., fr., D. S . Pifano & A. S. M . Valente 126 ( BHCB, HUEFS, MBM). Pará: Belém: s. loc., 21 May 1927, fl., fr., H . Zerny s.n. ( WU) . Paraíba: João Pessoa: Jardim Botânico , 22 September 2004, fl., fr., P. C . Gadelha-Neto 1273 ( HUEFS) . Paraná: Adrianópolis: Barra Rio Pardo , 5 April 1976, fl., fr., G . Hatschbach 38562 ( HBG) . Pernambuco: Recife - Anados , 24 August 1954, fl., fr., J. I. A . Falcão et al. 763 ( UEC) . Piauí: Corrente: Branquinha ( Lagoa ), 9 March 1994, fl., M. S. B . Nascimento 538 ( K) . Rio de Janeiro: Rezende: fazenda Alegria , 7 May 1935, fl., fr., A . Roriz s.n. ( SP33196 ) . Rio Grande do Norte: Parnamirim: Hidrominas Santa Maria , perto da linha do trem, 28 June 2005, fl., fr., A . Ribeiro & J . Silva 146 ( UFRN *) . Rio Grande do Sul: Caçapava do Sul: Seival , 22 January 1992, fl., fr., A . Jasper & M . Rossato s.n. ( B, G, K, L, MBM165953 ) . Rondônia: Jaru: estrada Porto Velho- Cuiabá , BR-364, km 278, 15 February 1983, fl., fr., L. O. A . Teixeira et al. 1534 ( MG) . Roraima: Boa Vista: Reserva Ecológica de Maracá , 27 March 1987, fl., fr., G. P . Lewis 1574 ( E, K) . Santa Catarina: Ibirama: Horto Florestal , 6 February 1956, fl., fr., R . Reitz & R. M . Klein 2662 ( L) . São Paulo: Itanhaém: Ilha da Queimada Grande , 11 April 1996, fr., V. C . Souza et al. 11035 ( HUEFS, SPF) . Sergipe: Aracaju: BR-101, Aracaju - Maceió, Km 9, 18 August 1980, fl., fr., L . Coradin 3052 ( K) .

Distribution and Ecology:— Australia, southeastern Asia, Africa, Central and South America ( Schubert 1980, Pedley1999, Ohashi 2004 b, Lima et al. 2010). D.incanum occurs in all Brazilian States and has no evident habitat preference.

Conservation Assessment:— Least Concern (LC), not endangered ( IUCN 2001).

DESMODIUM (LEGUMINOSAE, PAPILIONOIDEAE ) IN BRAZIL

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Phenology:— flowering and fruiting throughout the year.

Etymology:— from the Latin incanus (= white), alluding to the white indumentum on the abaxial surface of the leaflets.

Common Names:— amor-de-velho; amorosa; amor-seco; amor-de-campo-sujo; amor-de-vaqueiro; barba-deanta; barba-de-boi; beiço-de-boi; carrapichinho; carrapicho; carrapicho-beiço-de-boi; carrapicho-de-favinha; carrapicho-focinho-de-boi; carrapicho-miúdo; carrapicho-namorado; focinho-de-boi; mata-pasto; manduvurana; mela-bode; pega-pega; prega-prega; trevo-do-campo; venta-de-boi.

Taxonomic notes:— partially fused stipules, terminal or axillary, pseudoracemose inflorescences, and dehisicent, densely uncinate, quadrangular fruit articles are diagnostic characteristics of D. incanum . The species can be confused with D. affine and D. axillare due to its similar habit and elliptic leaflets (see notes under those two species).

For more than a century there has been confusion about the correct name of this species. The names most commonly used were Desmodium incanum (Sw.) DC. , Desmodium canum Schinz & Thell , Desmodium frutescens Schindl. , and Desmodium supinum (Sw.) DC. Details about nomenclatural problems associated with this species are available in Nicolson (1978) and Lima et al. (2012b).

Figures

FIGURE 17. Desmodium incanum. A. Habit. B. Stipules in the branch. C. Stipules inner surface. D. Calyx inner surface (opened). E. Parts of the corolla from the bottom to top: keel petals, wing petals, and standard. F. Androecium diadelphous (opened). G. Gynoecium. H. Fruit. I. Seed. (A: Queiroz 10645; B–I: Lima 433).