Desmodium uncinatum (Jacq.) DC., Prodr.

Lima, Laura Cristina Pires, Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci De, Tozzi, Ana Maria Goulart De Azevedo & Lewis, Gwilym Peter, 2014, A Taxonomic Revision of Desmodium (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) in Brazil, Phytotaxa 169 (1), pp. 1-119 : 94-97

32. Desmodium uncinatum (Jacq.) DC., Prodr. 2: 331. 1825. Hedysarum uncinatum Jacq., Pl. Rar. Hort. Schoenbr. 3: 27. 1798. Meibomia uncinata (Jacq) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 197. 1891. Lectotype (designated here):— VENEZUELA. "crescit Caracas" (lectotype W0027220, isolectotypes W0027236!, W0027237!). Epitype (designated here):— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Ouro Preto, Parque Estadual do Itacolomi, estrada de Baixo, 28 April 2005, L.C.P. Lima & E.D. Silva 314 (HUEFS!). Fig. 34 .

Meibomia hjalmarsonii Schindl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 20: 143. 1924. Desmodium hjalmarsonii (Schindl.) Standl., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 18(2): 534. 1937. Lectotype (designated here):— GUATEMALA. Depto Santa Rosa, Las Virgines , E.T. Heyde & E. Lux 6109 (lectotype K!, isolectotypes G![2 sheets], M!, US!). Remaining syntypes: Honduras. Depto. Gracias, J.A. Hjalmarson s.n. (not seen); San Salvador, J.A. Hjalmarson s.n. (not seen); Nicaragua, depto Matagalpa, São Ramon, Rand der Savanne und des Regenwaldes, 500m, E. Rothschuh 541 (not seen), syn. nov.

Desmodium uncinatum var. gracilis Burkart, Darwiniana 3(2): 185. 1939. Type:— ARGENTINA. Tucumán, dep. Tafí entre Anfama e Siamban , 06 February 1933, A. Burkart 5576 (holotype SI!, isotype P!) .

Prostrate–ascendent or scandent, branched subshrub, lacking stolons rooting at the nodes, without a xylopodium; stems virgate, slender, cylindrical, striate, densely uncinate, raro glabrescent or sparsely uncinate, not glaucous; internodes 2–3.5 cm long. Stipules 5–8 × 2–4 mm, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, not auriculate, semi-amplexicaul, free from each other, apex acute, margin ciliate, puberulous-uncinate and hirsute, veins conspicuous, caducous. Leaves

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trifoliolate; petiole 12–52 mm long, cylindrical, canaliculate, densely uncinate; rachis 3–22 mm long; stipels 2–6 mm long, lanceolate, margin ciliate, sparsely or densely uncinate on the outer surface, persistent; leaflets discolorous, chartaceous, venation brochidodromous, primary and secondary veins prominent, tertiary veins flush with the abaxial surface, indumentum densely sericeous on the primary, secondary and tertiary veins on the abaxial surface, adaxial surface pubescent, uncinate hairs covering both surfaces, terminal leaflet 3–6.4 × 1.5–3.4 cm, elliptic, lanceolate or broadly ovate, base oblique,obtuse or subcordate, apex subacute or obtuse, mucronate, lateral leaflets 2.5–5.6 × 1–2.7 cm, the same shape as the terminal leaflet. Inflorescence a terminal or axillary pseudoraceme; the main axis longer than the adjacent leaves, 5–32 cm long, densely uncinate, 2 flowers per node; primary bract 5–8 mm long, ovate, margin ciliate, puberulous-uncinate and tomentose on the outer surface, caducous, veins slightly conspicuous on the outer surface; secondary bract 2.5–4 mm long, linear, margin ciliate, hirsute on the outer surface, caducous, veins inconspicuous on the outer surface; pedicel 5–14 mm long, densely puberulous-uncinate and hispid. Flowers 8–10 mm long; calyx bilabiate, tube campanulate, 1.5–2 mm long, puberulous-uncinate and hirsute on the outer surface; upper lip bifid, broadly elliptic, the 2 teeth joined for ca. ¾ of their length, apex acute, ca. 0.5 mm long; lower lip trifid, lateral tooth lanceolate, 2–2.5 mm long, central tooth lanceolate, 2.5–3 mm long; corolla lilac, blue or pinkish, rarely white, standard 8–10 × 8–9 mm, obovate, apex retuse, maculate at the base, claw 1.5–3 mm long; wing petals 8–9 × 3–3.5 mm, narrowly obovate or oblong, apex obtuse, without callosities, claw 1–1.5 mm long; keel petals 5–6 × 2.5–3 mm, falciform or narrowly obovate, apex obtuse, with callosities, claw 2–3 mm long; androecium monadelphous, 8–10 mm long, vexillary stamen partially fused with the other from the base 4–6.5 mm long; ovary 5–6 mm long, tomentose, stipe 1–1.5 mm long, glabrous. Loment 2.1–4.8 cm long, stipe ca. 1 mm long, uncinate, isthmus central, upper suture straight or arcuate, lower suture crenate; articles uniform 4–7, 4.5–7 × 2.5–3 mm, triangular, not tortuous, indehiscent, subcoriaceous, veins insconspicuous, densely uncinate. Seed ca. 3.5 × 2 mm, oblong, hilum central.

Selected specimens examined:— BRAZIL. Amazonas: Tabatinga: Ilha de Amaracá , 23 July 1973, fl., fr., G. T . Prance et al. 16721 ( MG, UFMT). Bahia: Rio de Contas: ca. de 3 Km Sul da cidade de Mato Grosso para a estrada em direção a Vila do rio de Contas, 24 March 1977, fl., fr., R. M . Harley et al. 19955 ( K, M, RB, U). Ceará: Crato: arredores do Crato , 9 March 1987, fl., fr., A . Fernandes s.n. ( HUEFS128474 ). Distrito Federal: Brasília: s. loc., 24 April 1991, fr., E. A . Nascimento et al. 167 ( G). Espírito Santo: Santa Teresa: Vargem Alta, 25 April 1984, fl., J. H . Vimercat 61 ( BHCB). Goiás: Carretão, Crixas, Pillar: s. loc., fl., fr., J. B. E . Pohl 1750 ( W); Chapada dos Veadeiros: s. loc., 22 March 1969, fl., H. S . Irwin et al. 24876 ( BR). Mato Grosso: Santa Ana da Chapada : s. loc., 28 June 1992, fl., fr., A . Robert 366 ( BM). Mato Grosso do Sul: Reserva Biológica ao lado da piscultura. UFMS / Campo Grande-MS, 2 May 1990, fl., Eleno 4 ( CGMS, HUEFS). Minas Gerais: Camanducaia : Vila Monte Verde, 16 March 1976, fl., H. F . Leitão-Filho et al. 1837 ( K, UEC). Paraná: Guarapuava : Palmeirinha, 5 February 1975, fl., T. M . Pedersen 10977 ( K, L, MBM). Pernambuco: Triunfo : lagoa do Mariano, 10 March 1995, fl., A. M . Miranda & M. F. O . Pires 2135 ( HST, SP). Rio de Janeiro: Itatiaia: PARNA , estrada das Macieiras em direção ao abrigo., 25 April 1989, fr., V. L. G . Klein et al. 675 ( RB). Rio Grande do Sul: Charqueadas: ca. de 2km da Estância São José, RS 401, sentido Charqueadas - Porto Alegre, 12 December 2008, fl., L. C. P . Lima et al. 470 ( HUEFS); Paim Filho : Ca. 2km da cidade, 29 December 1997, fl., fr., J. A . Jarenkow, 3715 ( PEL); Tapes: Cerro da Emboaba , 21 February 1985, fl., fr., N . Silveira 2279 ( HAS). Santa Catarina: Bom Jardim da Serra: Estrada secundária de acesso de Bom Jardim da Serra a São José dos Ausentes, pelo rio das Contas, ca. 11km oeste, de Bom Jardim da Serra , 27 February 2009, fl., fr., L. C. P . Lima et al. 537 ( HUEFS); Otacílio da Costa : s. loc., fr., E . Pereira 8747 ( M, RB). São Paulo: Água da Prata : na beira da rodovia Governador Adhemar P . Barros, ca. 1km do centro de Águas da Prata, 21 March 1994, fl., fr., A. B . Martins et al. 31417 ( SPF) .

Distribution and Ecology:— Australia, southest Asia, North America, Central, and South America ( Ohashi 1973, Schubert 1980, Pedley 1999, Lima et al. 2010). In Brazil D. uncinatum is recorded from the Distrito Federal and in the States of Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, and São Paulo. The species occurs in habitats associated with forest.

Conservation Assessment:— Least Concern (LC), not endangered ( IUCN 2001).

Phenology:— flowering and fruiting throughout the year.

Etymology:— from the Latin uncinatus (= uncinate), in reference to the uncinate hairs on all parts of the plant.

Common Name:— amores; carrapicho; carrapicho-de-carneiro; pega-pega.

DESMODIUM (LEGUMINOSAE, PAPILIONOIDEAE ) IN BRAZIL

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Taxonomic notes:— prostrate, ascending, or decumbent subshrub with cylindrical stems clothed in uncinate trichomes, flowers 8–10 mm long, and triangular articles are diagnostic characters of Desmodium uncinatum . By its elliptic leaflets and triangular articles this taxon can be confused with D. triarticulatum and D. subsericeum (see notes under those species). The greyish spots often seen in the centre of the leaflets of D. uncinatum are not a constant feature of the species, but when present, can help in species identification.

Schubert (1980) suggested that Desmodium limense might be conspecific with D. uncinatum . Based on analysis of type specimens and species protologues, the two names are not considered to be conspecific in our study.

Jacquin (1798) published Hedysarum uncinatum . Following Stafleu & Cowan (1979), the Jacquin herbarium consisted of plants cultivated by him in the Shonburg Gardens of Vienna based on material originating from botanical expeditions in the Antilles, and Central and South America ( Arcy 1970, Stafleu & Cowan 1979). In order to establish the typification of the names published by Jacquin it was necessary to check if they corresponded to Jacquin senior or junior and to do this we had to carefully analyse their handwriting ( Arcy 1970).

Three sterile specimens referring to Hedysarum uncinatum were examined in the W herbarium. Among them, the specimen W0027220 consists of a stem and leaflets that present evidence of the scandent habit cited in the protologue. The specimen which carries the label “ Hedysarum uncinatum , hort. Shombr., herb. Jacq.” and the determination Hedysarum uncinatum , both annotated in the handwriting of Jacquin senior. is here chosen as the lectotype of D. uncinatum .

As the lectotype specimen (W0027220)of Hedysarum uncinatum is sterile, an epitype is here designated to complement the information about flowers and fruit that help in the recognition of this taxon.

Schindler (1924) published Meibomia hjalmarsonii based on a heterogeneous syntype collection, since the collections “Heyde & Lux 6109” and “Rothschuh 541” correspond to the protologue of Desmodium uncinatum , and “São Francisco de Guadalupe, broussailes, 1170m, Tonduz in herb. Pittier et Durand 1786 ” (BR![3 exsicatas], K!, P!) to D. intortum . To resolve this taxonomic issue the collection “Heyde & Lux 6109” (K!) is here chosen as the lectotype of Meibomia hjalmarsonii .

Capdevila (1994) synonymised Desmodium hjalmarsonii under D. uncinatum based on the material “ Honduras, dep. Gracias, Heyde & Lux 6109” ( US! NY). However, following the recommendations of the ICBN, the type citation can’t be considered the first typification because this information is contained in an unpublished thesis. Our study proposes D. hjalmarsonii as a new synonym of D. uncinatum .

Figures

FIGURE 34. Desmodium uncinatum. A. Fruiting branch. B. Stipules inner surface. C. Calyx inner surface (opened). D. Parts of the corolla from the bottom to top: keel petals, wing petals, and standard. E. Androecium monadelphous (opened). F. Gynoecium. G. Fruit. H. Seed. (A: Jarenkow 3715; B–F: Lima 470; G–H: Silveira 2279).