Dysphania nepalensis (Colla) Mosyakin & Clemants, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 2(1): 428 (2008)

Sukhorukov, Alexander P., Liu, Pei-Liang & Kushunina, Maria, 2019, Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet, PhytoKeys 116, pp. 1-141 : 64-68

9. Dysphania nepalensis (Colla) Mosyakin & Clemants, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 2(1): 428 (2008) Fig. 3

≡ Chenopodium nepalense Colla, Herb. Pedem.: 25 (1836). Holotype: [NEPAL] ex herb. Biroli (TO5972!).

= Chenopodium multiflorum Moq. in DC., Prodr. 13(2): 75 (1849). Lectotype (designated by Sukhorukov 2012): [INDIA] Ind. Orient. [Uttarakhand], Garhwal, Jun 1845, T.T. Thomson 1324 (K! image available at http://apps.kew.org/herbcat/getImage.do?imageBarcode=K000898432; isolectotype BM000629118! image available at http://www.nhm.ac.uk/emu-classes/class.EMuMedia.php?irn=181039&image=yes&width=705).

Taxonomic notes.

According to the protologue and drawing of the newly described Neobotrydium ornithopodum G.L. Chu & M.L. Zhang ( Zhang and Zhu 2016), this taxon corresponds to Dysphania nepalensis in many details, but we suppose that D. nepalensis is not uniform in China. For example, the plants from N, E and NE China as well as those from Mongolia are similar to D. nepalensis but have leaves with acute lobes ( D. nepalensis has obtuse leaf lobes). No other morphological differences between Himalayan/Tibetan and Central Asian populations were found.

Description.

Annual up to 50(70) cm, strongly aromatic. Leaves 4.0-10.0 × 2.0-4.0 cm, long-petiolate, pinnatifid or lobate, elliptic-oblong in outline, apex rounded, pubescent mostly abaxially. Inflorescence lax with ± dense indumentum consisting of simple (up to 1.0 mm long) hairs partially intermixed with glandular hairs. Perianth segments 5, 0.8-1.0 × 0.4-0.5 mm, basally concrescent with stout simple hairs (up to 0.1 mm) forming a keel and yellow subsessile glands (Fig. 23G ). Fruit 0.7-0.8 × 0.5 mm, subspherical. Pericarp with minute conical papillae up to 25 μm (Fig. 23H ). Seed dark red or almost black, keeled. Embryo horizontal.

Habitat.

Grassy hill slopes, disturbed places; 2400-4600 m a.s.l.

Phenology.

Flowering: June-September; fruiting: August-November.

Distribution.

See Fig. 28 .

Specimens examined.

BHUTAN: [Thimphu & Paro Districts] Thimphu & Paro rivers, 2400 m a.s.l., 14 Aug 1963, N.P. Balakrishnan 1195 (CAL); [Bumthang Distr.] Bumthang, 2600 m a.s.l., 6 Jun 1992, C. Parker 7176 (E00051985);

CHINA: Xizang: Ngari Prefecture: Zanda (Zhada) County, Toling (Tuolin), 3700 m a.s.l., 6 Aug 1974, Biological Institute Tibet Expedition Team 3830 (XJBI00005673); Burang (Pulan) County, 3900 m a.s.l., 18 Aug 1974, Biological Institute Tibet Expedition Team 3990 (XJBI00005675); Rutog (Ritu) County, Lake Bangong (Pangong Tso), 4220 m a.s.l., 3 Sep 1976, Qinghai-Tibet Team Meadow Group 76-238 (PE00541034, PE00541035); Gêrzê (Gaize) County, Marmê (Mami) Distr., 4500 m a.s.l., 8 Sep 1976, Gansu Agriculture University Team 161 (PE00541033); Gêrzê (Gaize) County, Oma (Wuma) Distr., 4550 m a.s.l., 9 Sep 1976, Qinghai-Tibet Team Vegetation Group 12521 (PE00511042); Nagqu Prefecture: [Nyima (Nima) County] Changthang, Dangra Yum Tso, 30°43'N, 86°35'E, 4590 m a.s.l., 9 Sep 2003, G. & S. Miehe 03-081-05 (herb. Miehe); Xigazê Prefecture: Bainang (Bailang) County, 3830 m a.s.l., 7 Jul 1960, Fu 354 (PE00511044); Gyirong (Jilong) County, Ruga, 3200 m a.s.l., 24 Jun 1972, Tibet Chinese Herbal Medicine Survey Team 514 (PE00510968); Namling (Nanmulin) County, Gangba, 4000 m a.s.l., 3 Aug 1972, Tibet Chinese Herbal Medicine Survey Team 972 (PE00510971); Nyalam (Nielamu) County, 3800 m a.s.l., 5 Sep 1972, Tibet Chinese Herbal Medicine Survey Team 1783 (PE00510969); Yadong (Chomo) County, Renqinggang Distr., 2800 m a.s.l., 9 Sep 1974, Qinghai-Tibet Team 74-2145 (PE00510975); [Ngamring (Angren) County] Lheding Gompa, 29°14'N, 86°53'E, 4540 m a.s.l., 20 Aug 2003, G. & S. Miehe 03-015-35 (herb. Miehe); 20-30 km W of Xigazê city, 16 Jul 1994, M.L. Zhang & S.Z. Zhang 94178 (WUK0780064); Lhasa City: Lhasa, 3800 m a.s.l., 16 Aug 1965, Zhang & Lang 1532 (PE00510990); Lhasa, Daxika to Longnanchaika, 4500 m a.s.l., 31 Aug 1965, Zhang & Lang 2249 (PE00510989); Nyêmo (Nimu) County, 3900 m a.s.l., 7 Oct 1972, Tibet Chinese Herbal Medicine Survey Team 4578 (PE00510970); Lhasa, 3650 m a.s.l., 2 Oct 1976, Qinghai-Tibet Team Vegetation Group 13813 (PE00511041); Lhasa, NW of Sera, 29°43'N, 91°08'E, 16 Sep 1999, G. & S. Miehe & Koch 99-201-01 (herb. Miehe); [Damxung (Dangxiong) County] Nindung Xian, 30°23'N, 90°54'E, 4285 m a.s.l., 13 Sep 2009, G. Miehe & Seeber 09-125-16 (herb. Miehe); Shannan Prefecture: Gyaca (Jiacha) County, 3340 m a.s.l., 22 Sep 1974, Qinghai-Tibet Team Vegetation Group 3358 (PE00234845); Cona (Cuona) County, 3200 m a.s.l., 10 Sep 1975, Qinghai-Tibet Team Additional Group 751960 (PE00510973); Yarlung Tsangpo, Gyaca, 3530 m a.s.l., 29°09'N, 92°35'E, 19 Sep 1998, G. & S. Miehe 98-14314 (herb. Miehe); Nyingchi Prefecture: [ Zayü (Chayu) County] Cawarong (Chawalong), 3000 m a.s.l., Sep 1935, C. W. Wang 66345 (PE00511036); [Bomi County] Yi’ong (Yigong), 2200 m a.s.l., 19 Jul 1965, Ying & Hong 650676 (PE00510985); Nyingchi (Linzhi) County, Naixi (Nixi), 3100 m a.s.l., 3 Aug 1965, Zhang & Lang 1292 (PE00510995); [Mainling (Milin) County] Tsangpo gorge, 29°35'N, 94°55'E, 18 Sep 1989, B. Dickoré 5506 (MSB144247); Qamdo Prefecture: Baxoi (Basu) County, near Rawu (Ranwu), 3900 m a.s.l., 29 Aug 1973, Qinghai-Tibet Team 73-1317 (PE00510991); Zogang (Zuogong) County, 3800 m a.s.l., 1 Jul 1976, Qinghai-Tibet Team 12080 (PE00510978);

INDIA: Jammu & Kashmir (selected specimens): Ladakh, Leh, Sep 1856, Schlagintweit 4 (P04993262); Srinagar, Sep 1856, Schlagintweit 4413 & 4631 (BM, E00151682, L1671277); Srinagar, Aug 1875, Aitchinson 4 (K); [Anantnag Distr.] Pahlgam, 14 Aug 1920, R.R. Stewart 5683 (K); Ladakh, Gya, Aug 1933, W. Koelz 6448 (G); Ladakh, Kargil, 9500 ft a.s.l., Aug 1934, Kohli 33 (K); Sind valley, Kulan, 7500 ft a.s.l., 31 Aug 1956, O. Polunin 56-611 (BM); Ladakh, Leh, 15 Aug 1975, M.V. Viswanathan 54685 (BSD); Ladakh, Rungdum [Rangdum], 4000 m a.s.l., 1980, Southampton Univ. Team 129 (K); Leh, 3620 m a.s.l., 1 Aug 1992, H. Hartmann 4015 (G455288); Ladakh, Leh/Sankar, 3500 m a.s.l., 4 Aug 1999, Beck 9 (MSB144242); Ladakh, Nubra Region, Sumur to Tiggur, 3150 m a.s.l., 18 Sep 2001, L. Klimeš 1918 (PRA); Himachal Pradesh (selected specimens): Kinnaur, 5 Sep 1847, T.T. Thomson s.n. (K); Dalhousie, 20 Sep 1874, C.B. Clarke 22781 (BM); Dalhousie, 1880, J. Drummond 1422 (K); Simla, [without date] Huegel s.n. (G); Simla, [without date] E. Madden 592 (E00151698); Simla, 7000 ft a.s.l., 1 Sep 1886, H. Collett 586 (K); Chamba, 28 Aug 1896, G.A. Gammie 18299 (LE); Chamba Distr., Kulel, 2 Sep 1896, G.A. Gammie 18455 (K); [Chamba Distr.] Pangi, 8000 ft a.s.l., 2 Aug 1899, J.F. Duthie s.n. (K); Lahaul, Kolagmes, Jul 1930, W. Koelz 453 (P05158987); Naggar, 2 Oct 1930, W. Koelz 1406 (P05159007); Lahaul, Kyelang, 10200-12000 ft a.s.l., 12 Jul 1941, N.L. Bor 15206 (K); Chatri, 2100 m a.s.l., 15 Oct 1987, R.J.D. McBeath 01967 (E); Spiti Distr., Kibber, 13 Aug 1994, S. Singh 88299 (BSD); Uttarakhand (selected specimens): Badhrinath, 10000 ft a.s.l., 11 Aug 1847, R. Strachey & J.E. Winterbottom 1 (BR, K); Tehri Garhwal [Distr.], Gorges valley, Aug 1889, J.F. Duthie 352 (BM, G, K); Almora Distr., 9 Oct 1950, Avasthi 1902 (B); nr Maneri, 26 Aug 1952, P. Huggins A6 (BM); Garhwal, Jumma, 2800 m a.s.l., 15 Aug 1974, B.D. Naithani 53894 (BSD); Chamoli Distr., Malari, Aug 1988, P.K. Hajra 87195 (BSD); Uttarkashi Distr., Kedarganga valley, 28 Jul 2002, P.K. Pusalkar 102005 (BSD);

NEPAL: Far-Western: Seti Zone: [Bajura Distr.] Kolti [vill.], 5000 ft a.s.l., Sep 1963, R. Bhandary 1222 (CAL); Midwestern: Karnali Zone: [Mugu Distr., nr Rara Lake] Gum Garhi, 2400 m a.s.l., 5 Jul 1977, T.B. Shrestha & N.P. Manandhar 241 (E00214393); Kalikot Distr., 7 Aug 1991, H. Takayama & K. Terada 9160336 (BM); Humla Distr., Humla, anonym s.n. (KATH); Humla Distr., Thanke Khola, E of Pipilang, 29°44'N, 82°2'E, 1700 m a.s.l., 14 Jul 2008, C. Pendry et al. A141 (E00392110); [Jumla Distr.] Jumla vill., 29°17'N, 82°05'E, 2400 m a.s.l., 3 Oct 2010, A. Sukhorukov 464 (G, MW, W2011-0006543, E00607768); Mugu Distr., 5 km SW of Rara Lake, 2500 m a.s.l., 22 Sep 2013, A. Sukhorukov 729 (G, MW); Western: Dhaulagiri Zone: Mustang [Distr.] 13000 ft a.s.l., 3 Aug 1954, J. Stainton, W.R. Sykes & L.H.J. Williams 2165 (BM); [Manang Distr.] Marsyangdi valley, between Pisang & Ongre, 3200 m a.s.l., 25 Sep 1969, Wraber 36508 (BM); Cha Lungpha, near Sangda, 13200 ft a.s.l., 6 Aug 1977, G. & S. Miehe 434 (BM); Mustang Distr., Tangbe, 28°54'N, 83°49'E, 31 Aug 2001, S. & G. Miehe & Koch 01-098-01 (herb. Miehe); Mustang Distr., Annapurna Conservation area, trekking route Jomosom-Nayapul, valley of Kali Gandaki river, 2500 m a.s.l., 25 Sep 2008, A. Sukhorukov 219 (MW); Eastern: Sagarmatha Zone: [Solukhumbu Distr.] Khumbu, Paugroche, 3900-4000 m a.s.l., 9 Oct 1962, J. Poelt s.n. (M).

General distribution.

Himalaya (southwards to Yunnan), Tibetan Plateau and Pamir Mountains. Widespread in Nepal.

Figures

Figure 3. Dysphania nepalensis (red plant) at fruiting stage and D. neglecta (green plant) at blooming stage. Photograph by A. Sukhorukov (Midwestern Nepal, Mugu distr., October 2014).

Figure 23. SEM micrographs: A perianth of D. botrys B pericarp of D. botrys C perianth of D. geoffreyi D pericarp of D. geoffreyi E perianth of D. neglecta F pericarp of D. neglecta G perianth of D. nepalensis H pericarp of D. nepalensis. Magnification: 250 x (A, C, E, G), 500 x (B, D, F, H).

Figure 28. Distribution map of Dysphania nepalensis.