Kukulcania geophila ( Chamberlin and Ivie, 1935 )

Magalhaes, Ivan L. F. & Ramírez, Martín J., 2019, The Crevice Weaver Spider Genus Kukulcania (Araneae: Filistatidae), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 426, pp. 1-153 : 130-135

Kukulcania geophila ( Chamberlin and Ivie, 1935)

Figures 2E , 4B , 5B , 6E , 9 D–E, 12 , 16 , 17 , 24–25 , 27 G, 28 G, 29 G, 31 H, 79–82

Filistata geophila Chamberlin and Ivie, 1935: 6 , plate 4, f. 22–23. Male and female types from California (AMNH), examined.

Filistata geophila wawona Chamberlin and Ivie, 1942: 4 . NEW SYNONYMY. Female holotype from California (AMNH), examined.

Kukulcania geophila: Lehtinen, 1967: 242 .

Kukulcania sp.: Ubick, 2005: 81, fig. 28.3; Ubick, 2017: 117, fig. 30.3.

EXAMINED TYPE MATERIAL: HOLOTYPES: USA: California: San Mateo Co.: Palo Alto, Menlo Park [N37.45276°, W122.18164°], J.C. Chamberlin, 1920,♂, in the same vial as the allotype♀ (AMNH); Mariposa Co .: Yosemite Park, Wawona camp [N37.53689°, W119.65701°], 17.ix.1941,♀ holotype of F. g. wawona (AMNH IFM-1225). PARATYPES: California: Inyo Co .: Mount Whitney (Nast base) [N36.58825°, W118.22946°], W. Ivie, 8.viii.1931, 1♀ (AMNH); San Luis Obispo Co.: 10 miles S San Luis Obispo [N35.17588°, W120.61716°], 19.vii.1934, 1♀ 2 imm. (AMNH); Santa Barbara Co.: Santa Cruz Island [N34.02321°, W119.76577°], R.V. Chamberlin, iv.1913, 2♀ (AMNH IFM-1539); Santa Clara Co.: Palo Alto [N37.44188°, W122.14302°], J.C. Chamberlin, 17.xii.1920, 2♀ (AMNH IFM-1536); Los Angeles Co.: Santa Monica [N34.01945°, W118.49119°], W. Ivie, 19.xii.1933, 3 imm. (AMNH).

REMARKS: The holotype of Filistata geophila wawona does not differ in morphology from females of the nominotypical subspecies and we see no reason to retain this name as valid.

DIAGNOSIS: Males are very similar to K. benita : the cymbium has two strong setae in the prolateral face, the bulb has a semicircular base and the embolus is thin and loosely has the shape of an S. Males of K. geophila can be distinguished by the shorter palpal tibia (fig. 80) (between 5.1× and 6.1× longer than higher in K. geophila , 8.1 in the single known male of K. benita ). Females are similar to K. benita and some populations of K. bajacali in lacking sclerotized bars and having a small, semicircular glandular portion of the spermathecae apex sided by the membranous portion. They can be distinguished by the long, fingerlike membranous portion of the spermathecae apex with a proximal ~90° bend (fig. 82).

DESCRIPTION: Male from Stanislaus Co., California (CAS 9057841). Coloration yellowish cream. Carapace with dark brown, V-shaped median pattern. Abdomen dorsum grayish cream. Sternum oval, with two pairs of barely visible sigillae. Total length 6.59. Carapace length 3.04, width 2.32, clypeus length 0.27. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.135; PME 0.177; ALE 0.205; PLE 0.183; AME–AME 0.056; PME–PME 0.18. Sternum length 1.46, width 1.27. Palp: femur length 2.31, height 0.36; tibia length 2, height 0.35. Leg I: femur (fe) 4.13; patella (pa) 1.34; tibia (ti) 4.09; metatarsus (mt) 4.12; tarsus (ta) 1.7. II: fe 3.49; pa 1.12; ti 3.03; mt 3.38; ta 1.4. III: fe 3.2; pa 1.01; ti 2.74; mt 3.3; ta 1.66. IV: fe 4.32; pa 1.2; ti 4.12; mt 4.56; ta 1.78. Abdomen: length 3.73, width 1.97. Palp macrosetae long, in several rows along femur ventral and dorsal faces. Leg macrosetae: fe I 6d, 11p, 27v, 2r, all very short; ti I 7p, 8v; mt I 6p, 12v, 1r; fe II 8d, 5p, 18v, 3r; ti II 3p, 7v; mt II 4p, 11v, 3r; fe III 6d, 5p, 11v, 5r; ti III 1d, 3p, 6v, 2r; mt III 1d, 4p, 10v, 3r; fe IV 8d, 3p, 14v, 2r; ti IV 1p, 7v, 2r; mt IV 3p, 9v, 1r; tarsal macrosetae present but indistinct. Palp: cymbium long, with prolateral edge slightly protruding and bearing two strong setae; bulb short, semi- circular at base; sperm duct with three coils; embolus long, sinuous. State of the specimen: good, left palp and left leg I dissected, right legs II and III set apart for DNA extraction.

Female from San Joaquin Co., California (CAS 9057589). Coloration brown. Carapace light brown, lined and stippled with dark brown, with brown V-shaped pattern posteriorly to the eyes. Sternum and coxae yellowish brown. Legs brown, with orange longitudinal stripes on coxae, femora, and tibiae. Anterior margin of the carapace unmodified. Sternum oval, with two pairs of sigillae. Total length 7.64. Carapace length 3.15, width 2.46, clypeus length 0.37. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.14; PME 0.198; ALE 0.23; PLE 0.22; AME–AME‰.07; PME–PME 0.18. Sternum length 1.5, width 1.41. Palp: femur length 1.63, height 0.66; tibia length 0.93, height 0.57. Leg I: femur (fe) 3.35; patella (pa) 1.28; tibia (ti) 2.98; metatarsus (mt) 2.84; tarsus (ta) 1.51. II: fe 2.54; pa 0.88; ti 1.98; mt 1.86; ta 1.13. III: fe 2.18; pa 0.97; ti 1.71; mt 1.68; ta 1.03. IV: fe 3.13; pa 1.2; ti 2.5; mt 2.38; ta 1.27. Abdomen: length 4.82, width 3.21. Palp macrosetae on ventral surface of tibia and tarsus. Leg macrosetae present on ventral surfaces of tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi; all femora and metatarsi III with 2–4 dorsal macrosetae. Calamistrum with three rows of setae with 8–9 setae each. Interpulmonary fold large, rounded, covering the spermathecae dorsally. Sclerotized lateral bars absent; membranous portion of the spermathecae apex long, finger shaped, with a 90° bend; glandular portion semicircular, sclerotized. State of the specimen: good, genitalia dissected.

INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION: Males (N = 5): total length 5.76–7.6 (6.45), carapace length 2.55–3.04 (2.73), femur I length 3.7–4.3 (3.97), tibia I length 3.7–4.09 (3.86), femur/carapace ratio 1.36–1.52 (1.45). Females (N = 5): total length 7.05–12.21 (9.99), carapace length 2.89– 5.35 (4.1), femur I length 3.12–5.6 (4.24), tibia I length 2.98–4.95 (3.95), femur/carapace ratio 1–1.08 (1.04). The shape of the bulb is slightly variable (fig. 80).

NATURAL HISTORY: Label data indicate specimens have been collected in broadleaf forest, citrus litter, chaparral ravines, grasslands, and pine / oak /manzanita/ juniper forest, under loose Eucalyptus bark, rocks, granite, and serpentine, and in synanthropic settings (gardens, stores, around buildings). Cokendolpher and MacDonald (2008) reported egg sac–guarding by the female and cooperative prey capture and group feeding by spiderlings in this species.

DISTRIBUTION: United States, California, with a few records in adjacent areas of Oregon and Arizona, and the Mexican state of Baja California (fig. 4B).

ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED: MEXICO. Baja California: 21.4 miles S Tijuana, near Halfway house Marker K35 on Mex#1 R.B. 3 [N32.25293°, W116.95257°], P.R. Craig and D.L. Dailey, 20. xi.1962, 2♂ (CAS 9058495). USA: Arizona: Pima Co .: 38 miles S Ajo [N31.88498°, W112.8144°], S. and D. Mulaik, 4.i.1941, 1♀ (AMNH). California: Alameda Co.: Castro Valley [N37.6941°, W122.08635°], W.M. Pearce, 18.iii.1941, 2♀ (AMNH); Amador Co.: 3 miles S Jackson, canyon on highway [N38.3488°, W120.7741°], V. Roth, 7. vii.1958, missing spermathecae, 1♀ (AMNH); 7 miles E Pioneer, highway 88, sugar pine forest (N38.4999°, W120.5033°, 1250m), M. Hedin, 22. xi.2006, 1♂ (SDSU); Pardee Res. Ranger Sta., under rocks [N38.2873°, W120.87012°], D. Ubick, 24.i.1981, 1♀ (DU 81.01.24); Butte Co.: Oroville [N39.51378°, W121.55636°], R.O. Schuster, 12.i.1956, 1♀ (UCB); Colusa Co .: Williams [N39.15461°, W122.14942°], 30.viii.1955, 1♀ 1 imm. (AMNH); Contra Costa Co.: 4 miles S Antioch [N38.00492°, W121.80579°], R.F. Smith, 9.iv.1945, 1♀ (AMNH); 4 miles W Byron [N37.89466°, W121.71392°], 2.iv.1945, 1♀ 1 imm. (AMNH); Clayton [N37.94103°, W121.93579°], 16.iv.1939, 1♀ (AMNH); W.M. Pearce, 28.iv.1940, 1♀ (AMNH); 9.viii.1940, 1♀ (AMNH); Mount Diablo [N37.88159°, W121.91415°], W.J. and J.W. Gertsch, 21.vii.1953, 1♀ (AMNH); Mt. Diablo State Park, 0.5 mile W Jumper Cmpgnd., beneath rock [N37.88159°, W121.91415°, 823m], C.E. Griswold, 11.vi.1975, 1♀ (UCB); San Joaquin Valley [N37.98326°, W121.86774°], R. Schick, 16–31.vii.1955, 2♀ (AMNH); El Dorado Co.: 0.2 mile NE Anderson Ck., on Rattlesnake Bar Road, oak-pine [N38.77712°, W121.10272°], D. Ubick, 4.ii.1995, 1♀ (CAS 9060447); 1.5 mile S Latrobe [N38.55963°, W120.98383°], C.E. Griswold, 5.iv.1981, 1♂ (UCB); 5 miles N Pollock Pines [N38.76129°, W120.58659°], W.J. Gertsch and V. Roth, 6.vii.1958, with egg sac, missing genitalia, 1♀ (AMNH); Folsom Lake [N38.77712°, W121.10272°], C.E. Griswold, 4. iv.1981, 1♀ (UCB); Fresno Co.: Fresno [N36.74684°, W119.77259°], R.O. Schuster, 21.iii.1956, 2♀ (UCB); near Prather [N37.03745°, W119.51402°], 26.vi.1956, 1♀ (AMNH); Shaver Lake [N37.10411°, W119.31763°], W.J. Gertsch and V. Roth, 12.ix.1959, 1♀ (AMNH); Los Angeles Co.: Angeles National Forest, Vic. Henninger [N34.31582°, W118.00609°], M.E. Thompson, 13.iv.1968, 1♂ (AMNH); 21. xii.1967, 1♂ (AMNH); Eaton Canyon Park [N34.17698°, W118.09707°], 26.ii.1968, 1♂ (AMNH); Fish Canyon [N34.15208°, W117.92899°], E.I. Schlinger, 1.ii.1950, 1♂ (AMNH IFM-1647); [N34.16832°, W117.9263°], 28.v.1944, 1♀ (AMNH); San Dimas, Canyon near Claremont [N34.09668°, W117.71978°], V. Roth, 2.ix.1956, 1♀ (AMNH); San Gabriel Mountains, Angeles National Forest, Highway 3, 1.3 km W junction with Big Tujunga Canyon Road, forest/chaparral ravine (N34.2907°, W118.1706°, 1030m), M. Hedin, J. Satler, J. Starret and C. Richart, 15.ii.2009, 1♂ (SDSU); Big Tujunga Canyon [N34.2907°, W118.1706°], R. Schick, 15–22.i.1956, 1♀ 1 imm. (AMNH); Tanbark Flats, W.J. Gertsch, 20.vi.1952, 2♀ 1 imm. (AMNH); West Fork [N34.24161°, W117.87034°], M.E. Thompson, 1.iii.1968, 1♂ (AMNH); Madera Co .: Exper. Range [N37.09939°, W119.74015°], 29.ix.1972, 1♂ (CAS 9060444); Millerton Lake Campground, N side of lake, E of Madera (N37.0197°, W119.6693°, 150m), M. Hedin, 26.iii.2009, 1♂ (SDSU); Northfork [N37.22938°, W119.50938°], H. Dietrich, iii.1920, 4♀ (AMNH); Marin Co.: Novato, under serpentine [N38.10742°, W122.5697°], D. Ubick, 7.iii.1983, 1♂ (DU 82.03.07); Simmons Lane Open Space, D. Ubick and I. Budi, 21.vi.1991, 1♀ (CAS 9060479); San Anselmo, Phoenix Lake [N37.95329°, W122.57805°], R. Brady, 17.iv.1982, 1♀ (AMNH); San Francisco, Mount Tamalpais [N37.92354°, W122.59647°], J.H. Emerton, xi.1905, 1♀ (MCZ 145413); Monterey Co.: Arroyo Seco, Indians Road (N36.23°, W121.49167°, 343m), D. and S. Ubick, 25.i–11.vi.2003, 1♂ (DU 03.06.11); under rocks and litter (N36.22°, W121.49167°, 343m), 15.iv.2000, 1♂ (DU 00.04.15); S of Lakes, under granite and oak litter [N36.22°, W121.49167°, 900m], D. Ubick and J. Boutin, 13–15.v.1994, 1♀ (DU 94.05.13); Hastings Natural History Reserve [N36.36667°, W121.55°], J.M. Lindsale, 10.v.1941, 1♀ (CAS 9057623); Jolon [N35.9708°, W121.17603°], E. Ray, 28.ii.1944, 1♀ (FMNH 2857666); Salinas [N36.67774°, W121.6555°], 4. vii.1936, with egg sac, 1♀ (AMNH); Nevada Co.: Loma Rica Ranch [N39.21736°, W121.01404°, 2800m], D. Ubick, 12.viii.1995, 1♂ (DU 95.08.12); Orange Co.: Anahiem [N33.83529°, W117.9145°], R. Rideau, 18.ix.2001, 1♂ (CAS 9057579); [N33.83659°, W117.9143°], 9–18.ix.2001, 1♀ (CAS 9058498); San Bernardino Co.: Crystal Lake, San Gabriel Mountains (N34.2°, W117.5°), J. and W. Ivie, 29.ix.1965, 1♀ (AMNH); San Francisco Co.: Forest Hill, in garden [N37.74732°, W122.46512°], 28.v.1934, 2♂ 1 imm. (; Red Rock [N37.92953°, W122.4308°], W. Schmitt, 22.xii.1912, 1♀ 1 imm. (USNM); San Joaquin Co.: 18 miles W Patterson, N Fork del Puerto [N37.6157°, W121.33684°, 274–457m], C.E. Griswold, 14.vi.1980, 1♀ (UCB); Lodi, in old box at store [N38.13415°, W121.27222°], J. Leach, 8.viii.1977, 1♀ (MCZ 145414); Manteca, under rock [N37.79743°, W121.21605°], D. Ubick, 20.xi.1977, 1♂ (DU 77.11.20); San Juaquin, Manteca, V. Roth, 24.ii.1985, 1♀ (CAS 9057589); San Mateo Co.: Edgewood Park, under rock in field with oak [N37.46622°, W122.28255°], J. Starrett, 1.vi.2005, 1 imm. (SDSU G552), 1♀ (SDSU G551); Santa Clara Co.: Del Puerto Canyon road, Stanislaus/Santa Clara county line, oak /manzanita/ juniper forest (N37.3928°, W121.44971°, 701m), M. Hedin, R. Keith, J. Starrett, S. Thomas and D. Leavitt, 30.iii.2007, 1♂ (SDSU); E San Jose, Highway 101 at Yerba Buena road, serpentine grassland [N37.33821°, W121.88633°], R. White, 13.iv.1992, 1♀ 2 imm. (CAS 9060412); eastside San Jose, M. Nichoff, spring/1980, 1♀ (CAS 9060385); Henry Coe State Park [N37.18678°, W121.54721°], D. Ubick, 17.iv.1980, 1♂ (DU 80.04.17); Palo Alto [N37.44188°, W122.14302°], J.C. Chamberlin, 27.xii.1920, 1♀ 2 imm. (AMNH); San Jose, Com. Hill, serpentine grassland [N37.33821°, W121.88633°], R. White, 11–27. iv.1992, 1♀ 3 imm. (CAS 9060455); San José, Silver Creek Hills, under loose Eucalyptus bark [N37.28965°, W121.78223°], J.G. Edwards, 9.x.1955, 1♀ (MCZ 145415); Siskiyou Co.: 3 miles NW Weed [N41.44955°, W122.44114°], W.J. Gertsch, 2.ix.1959, 1♂ 1♀ 1 imm. (AMNH); Soap Creek Ridge, 6.5 miles SW Yreka, pine /mixed forest (N41.6786°, W122.72335°, 1250m), M. Hedin, 20.iv.2006, 1♂ (SDSU); Solano Co.: Cordella road, 0.9 mile N of junction with Pittman road [N38.2261°, W122.09795°], P.R. Craig and D.L. Craig, 9.ii.1964, 1♀ (CAS 9057641); Vallejo, Mare Island [N38.09548°, W122.27247°], 8.xii.2013, 1♀ (CAS 9058471); Sonoma Co .: [N38.29186°, W122.45804°], B. Malkin, 5.ii.1955, 4♀ 5 imm. (AMNH IFM-1391); Stanislaus Co.: Canyon Del Puerto [N37.4336°, W121.33617°], C.E. Griswold, 25.ii.1975, 2♀ (UCB); N fork del Puerto Creek, 12.iv.1975, 1♀ (UCB); Modesto, 3313 Coffee Rd. [N37.6391°, W120.99688°, m], L. Rose, 2009, 1♂ (CAS 9057841); Tulare Co.: 10 miles W Johnsondale [N35.92832°, W118.70327°], W.J. Gertsch and V. Roth, 15.ix.1959, 1♀ (AMNH); 40 miles NE Visalia, Ash Mountain Kaweah Power Station [N36.48692°, W118.83983°], D. J. Burdick, 28.v.1984, 3♂ (CAS 9060450); 4.vi.1983, 2♂ 1♀ (DU 83.06.04); 5 miles E Three Rivers, Kawea River [N36.34622°, W119.18703°], W.J. Gertsch, 17. vii.1952, 1♀ 1 imm. (AMNH); Ash Mountain, Kaweah Power Station, 40 miles NE Visalia [N36.48692°, W118.83983°], D. Burdick, 11.vi.1994, 1♂ (CAS 9057643); 30.v.1992, 1♂ (CAS 9057635); D.J. Burdick, 16.v.1992, 1♂ (CAS 9057583); Giant Forest to Marble Fork Cal, Kings R Trail [N36.56239°, W118.7515°], J.C. Bradley, 24.vii.1907, missing abdomen, 1♀ (AMNH); Lindcove, citrus litter [N36.35772°, W119.06363°], D. Caroll, 16–23.x.1978, 1♂ (USNM); 2–8.vii.1978, 1♂ (USNM); citrus, under board, 9.x.1978, 1♀ (USNM); Sequoia National Park, 3.5 km NE Visitor Center, broadleaf forest, in litter/rocks (N36.51°, W118.80667°, 615m), D. Ubick, 5.xi.2004, 1♂ (DU 04.11.05); Generals Highway (N36.55833°, W118.78833°, 1680m), 4. xi.2004, 1♂ (DU 04.11.04); Research center, around buildings at night (N36.48978°, W118.82906°), 28. iv.2004, 1♂ (DU 04.04.28); Soda Creek, near Nelson Camp [N36.44267°, W118.50099°], W.J. Gertsch and V. Roth, 14.ix.1959, 1♀ (AMNH); Three Rivers [N36.43884°, W118.90454°], W.J. Gertsch, Ivie and Schrammel, 29.iv.1960, 3♀ (AMNH); Mineking Roar, V. Roth and W. J. Gertsch, 4.vii.1956, 1♀ (AMNH); Venice Hills, grassland, under serpentine [N36.37356°, W119.18122°], D. Ubick, 28.iii.1991, 1♂ (DU 91.03.28); Wilsonia, Kings Canyon National Park [N36.7347°, W118.95599°], V. Roth and W.J. Gertsch, 13.ix.1959, 2♂ (AMNH); Tuolumne Co.: 5 miles N Priest [N37.8141°, W120.27269°], W.J. Gertsch and V. Roth, 8.vii.1958, 2♀ 3 imm. (AMNH); W of Yosemite, Tuolomne River (N37.91667°, W120.26667°), W. Ivie, 14.viii.1931, 1♀ (AMNH); Ventura Co.: Ventura [N34.27465°, W119.22903°], W.J. Gertsch, Ivie and Schrammel, 1.iv.1960, 1♀ 8 imm. (AMNH); Wheeler Springs [N34.50805°, W119.2915°], M.E. Thompson, 27. vii.1968, 1♂ (AMNH); Yolo Co.: Davis [N38.54491°, W121.74011°], W. Lange, 11.iv.1951, 1♀ 1 imm. (AMNH); Yuba Co.: Marysville [N39.14573°, W121.59136°], E. Ray, 21.xi.1943, subadult♀ (FMNH 2857665); 29.xi.1943, 1♀ (FMNH 2857663). Oregon: Jackson Co.: 10 mi. E, 6 mi. N Gold Hill on CR 234, EB-344-345 T35S/RIW/S17 [N42.51943°, W122.85543°, 396m], E. Benedict, 22.i.1972, 1♂ (MCZ 145416); Sam’s Valley to Dead Indian Spring [N42.33208°, W122.44892°], J. Schuh, 17.v.1962, 1 imm. (AMNH). NO DATA. 1♂ (AMNH); label illegible, with egg sac, 1♀ (CAS 9060633).

Figures

FIGURE 2. Kukulcania spp., living specimens. A. K . hurca (Chamberlin and Ivie, 1942), male from California, San Diego Co., Anza-Borrego Desert State Park (SDSU). Photo by M. Hedin. B. Kukulcania sp. from California. Photo by M. Hedin. C. K . arizonica (Chamberlin and Ivie, 1935), male (MACN-Ar 33844). D. K . tequila, sp. nov., male from Mexico, Colima, Cuauhtémoc. Photo by S. Longhorn.. E. K .geophila (Chamberlin and Ivie, 1935), female from California (CAS 9058471). Photo by K.-I. Ueda. F. Kukulcania sp., probably K . brignolii (Alayón, 1981), comb. nov., female with eggsac from Mexico, Puebla, Reserva de la Biosfera Tehuacán-Cuicatlán. Photo by F. Vol. G–I. Kukulcania tractans (O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1896) from Mexico, Guerrero. Photos by S. Longhorn. G. Webs in stone wall in Xochipala. H. Female guarding eggsac in Venta Vieja (=Venta del Zopilote). I. (Subadult?) female from Amula.

FIGURE 4. Distribution map of A, Kukulcania tractans (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896) and K . santosi. (white dots represent literature records from Brescovit and Santos, 2013), B, K . benita, sp. nov., K . brignolii (Alayón, 1981), comb. nov., K . cochimi, sp. nov., K . geophila (Chamberlin and Ivie, 1935), K . gertschi, sp. nov., and K . tequila, and C, K . arizonica (Chamberlin and Ivie, 1935), K . bajacali, sp. nov., K . chingona, sp. nov., and K . mexicana, sp. nov.

FIGURE 5. W.J. Gertsch’s unpublished drawings and sketches of Kukulcania spp., AMNH Library Archives DR 191, reproduced with permission from the AMNH library. A. K . tractans (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896), male right bulb. B. K . geophila (Chamberlin and Ivie, 1935), female habitus, dorsal. C. K . utahana (Chamberlin and Ivie, 1935), male bulb. D. K . brignolii (Alayón, 1981), male bulb. E. K . santosi, spermathecae. F. K . hurca (Chamberlin and Ivie, 1942), spermathecae. G. K . cochimi, spermathecae. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 6. Kukulcania spp., male bulbs, prolateral, clove oil cleared. A–B. K . hibernalis (Hentz, 1842) (MACN- Ar 20625). C. K . santosi, paratype (AMNH IFM-1646). D. K . hurca (Chamberlin and Ivie, 1942) (AMNH IFM-1648). E. K . geophila (Chamberlin and Ivie, 1935) (AMNH IFM-1647). F. K . tractans (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896) (AMNH IFM-1649). Abbreviations: BBS, basal bulb sclerite; CIC, cymbium internal crest; C1, sperm duct coil 1; C2, coil 2; C2, coil 3; E, embolus; EK, embolus keel; F, fundus; tM29, tendon of the claw flexor muscle. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 9. Kukulcania spp., female spermathecae, ventral. A. K. tractans (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896) (AMNH IFM-1508). B. K. tequila, paratype (AMNH IFM-1513). C. K. chingona, holotype (CAS 9057614). D. K. geophila wawona (Chamberlin and Ivie, 1942), holotype (AMNH IFM-1225). E. K. geophila (Chamberlin and Ivie, 1935), paratype (AMNH IFM-1536). F. K. benita, paratype (USNM IFM-1277). G. K. bajacali, holotype (CAECIB 0336). Abbreviations: GPS, glandular portion of spermathecae apex; MPS, membranous portion of spermathecae apex. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 12. Kukulcania geophila (Chamberlin and Ivie, 1935), female from California, Sonoma Co. (AMNH IFM-1391). A. Carapace, dorsal. B. Carapace, lateral. C. Sternum, ventral. D. Right serrula, anterior. E. Labrum, subdorsal.

FIGURE 16. Kukulcania geophila (Chamberlin and Ivie, 1935), female from California, Sonoma Co. (AMNH IFM-1391). A. Right chelicera, promargin. Inset showing tooth on promarginal lobe. B. Right chelicera, retromargin. C. Cheliceral gland, mesal. D. Left palp, prolateral. E. Left palpal claw, retrolateral. Inset showing tarsal organ. F. Right metatarsus IV, retrolateral. G. Left tarsal claws IV. Inset showing tarsal organ. H. Left calamistrum, dorsal. Note row with smaller, unmodified setae. I. Right calamistrum with setae removed, dorsolateral. Abbreviations: Mc, macroseta base; MS, metatarsus stopper; Tr, trichobothria.

FIGURE 17. Kukulcania geophila (Chamberlin and Ivie, 1935), male from California, Tulare Co. (CAS 9057643). A. Left tarsus I, retrolateral. B. Left metatarsus stopper I, dorsal. C. Left tarsal claws I, retrolateral. Inset showing tarsal organ. D. Detail of tarsal pseudosegmentation. E. Metatarsus I, trichobothria, dorsal.

FIGURE 24. Kukulcania geophila (Chamberlin and Ivie, 1935), male from California, Tulare Co. (CAS 9057643). A. Epiandrium, ventral. Inset showing spigots. B. Spinnerets, ventral. C. Cribellum, ventral. D. Left ALS, ventral. E. PMS, sublateral. F. Left PLS, ventral. Abbreviations: Ac, aciniform gland spigots; ALS, anterior lateral spinnerets; AT, anal tubercle; Ch, chemosensory seta; Cr, cribellum; MAP, major ampullate gland spigot; mAP, minor ampullate gland spigot; PC, paracribellar gland spigot; Pi, piriform gland spigot; PLS, posterior lateral spinnerets; PMS, posterior median spinnerets.

FIGURE 25. Kukulcania geophila (Chamberlin and Ivie, 1935), female from California, Sonoma Co. (AMNH IFM-1391). A. Spinnerets, ventral. B. Left ALS, ventral. C. Left PMS, sublateral. D. Right PLS, ventral. Abbreviations: Ac, aciniform gland spigots; ALS, anterior lateral spinnerets; AT, anal tubercle; Cr, cribellum; MAP, major ampullate gland spigot; mAP, minor ampullate gland spigot; PC, paracribellar gland spigot; Pi, piriform gland spigot; PLS, posterior lateral spinnerets; PMS, posterior median spinnerets.

FIGURE 27. Kukulcania spp., male left bulbs except where noted, prolateral view. A. K . arizonica (Chamberlin and Ivie, 1935) (AMNH IFM-1392). B. K . utahana (Chamberlin and Ivie, 1935) (AMNH IFM-1395). C. K . hurca (Chamberlin and Ivie, 1942) (AMNH IFM-1394). D. K . santosi, (AMNH IFM-1404), right palp, mirrored, arrow to spatulate setae. E. K . tractans (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896) (AMNH IFM-1408). F. K . tequila, paratype (AMNH IFM-1549), right palp, mirrored. G. K . geophila (Chamberlin and Ivie, 1935) (CAS 9057643). H. K . bajacali (AMNH IFM-1622), right palp, mirrored. Inset showing texture of the tegulum. Abbreviation: EK, embolus keel.

FIGURE 28. Kukulcania spp., male left bulbs except where noted, dorsal view. A. K . arizonica (Chamberlin and Ivie, 1935) (AMNH IFM-1392). B. K . utahana (Chamberlin and Ivie, 1935) (AMNH IFM-1395). C. K . hurca (Chamberlin and Ivie, 1942) (AMNH IFM-1394). D. K . santosi (AMNH IFM-1404), right palp, mirrored. Inset showing embolus. E. K . tractans (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896) (AMNH IFM-1408). Bulb rotated in relation to cymbium. F. K . tequila, paratype (AMNH IFM-1549), right palp, mirrored. G. K . geophila (Chamberlin and Ivie, 1935) (CAS 9057643). Bulb rotated in relation to cymbium. Inset showing embolus opening in apical view. H. K . bajacali (AMNH IFM-1622), right palp, mirrored. Inset showing embolus slit. Abbreviation: EK, embolus keel.

FIGURE 29. Kukulcania spp., male left bulbs except where noted, retrolateral view. A. K . arizonica (Chamberlin and Ivie, 1935) (AMNH IFM-1392). B. K . utahana (Chamberlin and Ivie, 1935) (AMNH IFM-1395). C. K . hurca (Chamberlin and Ivie, 1942) (AMNH IFM-1394). D. K . santosi (AMNH IFM-1404), right palp, mirrored. E. K . tractans (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896) (AMNH IFM-1408). Inset showing embolus opening in apical view F. K . tequila, paratype (AMNH IFM-1549), right palp, mirrored. G. K . geophila (Chamberlin and Ivie, 1935) (CAS 9057643). Inset showing texture of the tegulum. H. K . bajacali. (AMNH IFM-1622), right palp, mirrored. Abbreviation: EK, embolus keel.

FIGURE 31. Kukulcania spp., female spermathecae, ventral view except where noted. A. Kukulcania hurca (Chamberlin and Ivie, 1942) (AMNH IFM-1402). B. K . brignolii (Alayón, 1981), comb. nov. (AMNH IFM- 1406). C. K . mexicana (AMNH IFM-1405). D. K . santosi (AMNH IFM-1403), dorsal. E. K . tractans (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896) (AMNH IFM-1416). F. K . tequila, paratype (AMNH IFM-1666). G. Same, anterior. H. K . geophila (Chamberlin and Ivie, 1935) (AMNH IFM-1391).

FIGURE 79. Kukulcania geophila (Chamberlin and Ivie, 1935), male habitus. A–E. California, Stanislaus (CAS 9057841). A. Lateral. B. Dorsal. C. Ventral. D. Clypeus, sublateral. E. Left leg I, prolateral. F. Male holotype, sublateral, not to scale. G. Label associated to the holotype. Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURE 80. Kukulcania geophila (Chamberlin and Ivie, 1935), male palps. A–D, E. California, Stanislaus Co. (CAS 9057841). A–B. Prolateral. Arrow to strong prolateral setae. C. Dorsal. E. Retrolateral. D, F, G. Male holotype from California, Palo Alto, Menlo Park (AMNH), not to scale. E–F. Prolateral. G. Retrolateral. Scale bars = 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 81. Kukulcania geophila (Chamberlin and Ivie, 1935), female habitus. A–B. Female holotype of Filistata geophila wawona Chamberlin and Ivie, 1942 (AMNH), from California, Yosemite Park. A. Dorsal. B. Ventral. C–E. Female from California, San Juaquin Co., Manteca (CAS 9057589). C. Ventral. D. Dorsal. E. Lateral. F. Female allotype from the type locality (AMNH), dorsal, not to scale. Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURE 82. Kukulcania geophila (Chamberlin and Ivie, 1935), female spermathecae, ventral view except for D, dorsal. A–B. Female paratype from California, Palo Alto (AMNH IFM-1536). C. Female holotype of Filistata geophila wawona Chamberlin and Ivie, 1942 (AMNH), from California, Yosemite Park. D. Female allotype from the type locality (AMNH), dorsal, not to scale, preserved in a permanent slide mounted by W.J. Gertsch.