Phylloicus lituratus Banks

PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), Zootaxa 275 (1), pp. 1-214 : 62-65

Phylloicus lituratus Banks

Figs. 61 , 62

Phylloicus lituratus Banks, 1920:350 [Type locality: Colombia, Mariquito; MCZ; male]. — Flint 1967:19 [male]. — Denning et al. 1983:182 [redescription].

Phylloicus “species 1" Flint, 1991:98.

Phylloicus priapulus Denning and Hogue, 1983 in Denning et al. 1983:187 [Type locality: Costa

Rica, Puntarenas Province, 1.8 miles west of Rincón, Osa Peninsula; LACM; male]. NEW SYNONYM.

This species exhibits a range of minor variation across its distribution and within populations. This variation may indicate the presence of more than one species, but although I have examined many specimens from a broad geographic area, I am unable to find consistent linkage of variation among characters and therefore am treating this as a single species. The types of P. lituratus and priapulus represent the extremes of morphology for tergum X and its processes, but intermediate morphologies are easily found within series. For this reason, I am synonymizing these two species. Phylloicus lituratus is distinguished by the wing pattern (as in Fig. 109 ), the lack of abdominal coremata, and preanal appendages longer than tergum X ( Fig. 61A, B ).

A few specimens appear to be hybrids, probably with P. elegans . The wing pattern is identical to both P. elegans and lituratus ; male terminalia are consistent with other P. lituratus specimens, but there is a tiny eversible membranous lobe in the IVth abdominal pleuron. The elaborate modifications of the P. elegans IVth abdominal segment are absent, however. Within a given series of specimens, the presence of this lobe is inconsistent, and for this reason I believe these specimens may represent a spatial or temporal hybrid zone.

As discussed under P. elegans , the females of P. elegans and P. lituratus are indistinguishable, and therefore all determinations are tentative.

Adult. Forewing length 10.4­12.1 mm, n = 95.

Head chestnut brown. Maxillary palps dark brown. Antenna twice forewing length; chestnut brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Dorsal pterothorax chestnut brown; ventrolateral thorax golden. Femora golden; foretibiae dark brown; mesotibiae dark brown; metatibiae dark brown; foretarsi dark brown; mesotarsi white proximally, dark distally; metatarsi dark brown. Metathoracic leg of male with posterior fringe of long setae, setae dark. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; dark brown; with two transverse bands; proximal band ivory, reaching posterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing, an inverted V­shape; distal band ivory, beginning at anterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing; with two basal stripes, ivory. Hind wing basal brush present in male, light brown.

Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures absent, terga III­V unmodified, without membranous lobes or sclerotized processes. Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII enclosing base of elongate sternum IX; posteromesal process notched, notch deep and round ( Fig. 61A, C ). Tergum IX without mesal ridge; posterior margin with round narrow mesal projection ( Fig. 61B ); lateral ridge absent; dorsal pleural setae approximately 3, ventral pleural setae absent ( Fig. 61A ). Preanal appendage longer than tergum X, but less than 11/2 times length, widest apically, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage ( Fig. 61A, B ). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process short and digitate; basolateral processes of varying length and often asymmetrical; apex, in lateral view, truncate, in dorsal view, entire or notched, notch shallow and round ( Fig. 61A, B ). Harpago rounded; peglike setae many, apical ( Fig. 61A, C ). Phallic endotheca with paired apicolateral lobes, apicolateral lobes large and rounded; phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped ( Fig. 61D, E ).

Female. Preterminal abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII with shallow posteromesal notch, or posterior margin entire; sternum VIII ( Fig. 62C ). Tergum IX without mesal ridge ( Fig. 62B ). Sternum IX anterior and posterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, with patch of lightly sclerotized cuticle lateral to vaginal opening ( Fig. 62A ). Tergum X appendage shorter than mesal lobe, base marked by faint suture line, apex rounded; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes length approximately equal diameter and often asymmetrical ( Fig. 62B ). Sternum X with patches of short fine setae posterolaterally to anal opening ( Fig. 62A ). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite truncate anteriorly, posterolateral projections absent; posterior sclerite triangular; posterior end of spermatheca a sclerotized ovoid ( Fig. 62A ).

Material examined. COLOMBIA: Santa Marta , 19 xii., Williamson — 1 male ( MCZ) ; Antioquia: Mun. El Retiro, Quebrada La Cebolla , trap A, 2150 m, 21.v.1983, Matthias — 1 male ( NMNH) ; Boyacá: Muzo , 900 m, 1936, Bequaert — 1 female ( MCZ) ; Tolima: Mariquita , 5.ii., Williamson — P. lituratus holotype male ( MCZ) ; COSTA RICA: Alajuela: 20 km S Upala , 8­10.v.1990, Parker — 1 male ( EMUS) ; 1.vii.1990, Parker — 1 male ( EMUS) ; 7.ii.1991, Parker — 1 male ( EMUS) ; 11­20.viii.1991, Parker — 2 males ( EMUS) ; 1­10.ix.1991, Parker — 1 male, 1 female ( EMUS) ; Río Pizote, ca. 5 km (air) S Brasilia , 10°58'19”N, 85°20'42"W, 390 m, 9.iii.1986, Holzenthal & Fasth — 1 male ( UMSP) ; 12.iii.1986, Holzenthal & Fasth — 6 males, 1 female ( UMSP) ; unnamed river, Cerro Campana ca. 6 km (air) NW Dos Rios, 10°54'00”N, 85°24'00"W, 640 m, 22­ 23.vii.1987, Holzenthal, Morse, & Clausen — 3 males, 1 female ( UMSP) ; Reserva Forestal San Ramón, Río San Lorencito & tribs., 10°12'58”N, 84°36'25"W, 980 m, 1­ 4.v.1990, Holzenthal & Blahnik — 1 female ( UMSP) ; 6­10.iii.1991, Holzenthal, Muñoz, & Huisman — 2 males ( UMSP) ; Guanacaste: Finca Montezuma, 3 km SE R. Naranjo , 1­ 5.vi.1992, Parker — 1 male ( EMUS) ; 3.vi.1992, Parker — 1 male ( EMUS) ; Río Liberia, Liberia , 11.i.1910, Calvert — 1 female ( MCZ) ; Río Los Ahogados, Río Los Ahogados, 11.3 km ENE Quebrada Grande , 10°51'54”N, 85°25'23"W, 470 m, 7.iii.1986, Holzenthal & Fasth — 2 males, 3 females ( UMSP) ; Parque Nacional Guanacaste, Quebrada Alcornoque , El Hacha, 11°00'32”N, 85°34'37"W, 250 m, 26.vii.1987, Holzenthal, Morse, & Clausen — 1 male, 1 female ( UMSP) ; Quebrada Pedregal , El Hacha, 10°58'59”N, 85°32'20"W, 300 m, 5.ii.1988, Strand — 1 male, 1 female ( UMSP) ; Parque Nacional Rincón de la Vieja, Río Negro , 10°45'54”N, 85°18'47"W, 810 m, 3.iii.1986, Holzenthal & Fasth — 1 male ( UMSP) ; Límon: Limon , 16 km W Guapiles, 400 m, 1.ii.­1.iii.1989, Hanson — 1 male ( UMSP) ; Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, Quebrada González , 10°09'36”N, 83°56'20"W, 480 m, 12­14.v.1990, Holzenthal & Blahnik — 1 male ( INBIO) ; — 1 male, 1 female ( NMNH) ; 1 male ( UMSP) ; Puntarenas: 1.8 mi. W Rincón , 1.ii.1971, Donahue & Hogue — P. priapulus holotype male ( LACM) ; Corcovado National Park, Osa Peninsula , 5­9.v.1978, Janzen — 1 male ( INBIO) ; Parque Nacional Corcovado, unnamed stream, Piedra el Arco , 08°34'55”N, 83°42'32"W, 20 m, 10.iv.1989, Holzenthal & Blahnik — 1 male ( INBIO) ; ECUADOR: Napo: Puerto Orellana, Río Tiputini , 38°02'00”N, 76°08'54"W, 12­26.viii.1999, Mathis — 4 males, 2 females ( NMNH) ; Pastaza: Tzapino , 01°19'00”S, 77°28'00"W, 1200 m, 25.v.1976, Figueroa — 1 male ( NMNH) ; Pichincha: Río Palenque Biological Station, Río Palenque, Santo Domingo (47 km), 229 m, 29.vii.1976, Cohen — 6 males ( NMNH) ; NICARAGUA: Río San Juan: Refugio Bartola, 1.5 km N. of station, Río Bartola , 10°58'00”N, 84°21'00"W, 40 m, 8.viii.2000, Chamorro & Dobbins — 1 male ( UMSP) ; Zelaya: Río Las Latas , 14°04'00”N, 88°33'00"W, 220 m, 2.vi.1998, Maes & Hernández — 4 males ( UMSP) ; PANAMA: Chiriquí: 08°55'00”N, 82°16'00"W, 1050 m, Staudinger — 1 male ( ZMHU) ; Coclé: Taboga, Taboga Island , 1.ii.1912, Busck — 1 male ( NMNH) ; Colón: Canal Zone, Navy Res., Río Agua Salud , 30.iii.1965, S & W Duckworth — 1 male ( NMNH) ; Darién: Río Tuir at Río Pucuro , 16­ 17.ii.1985, Louton — 1 male, 1 female ( NMNH) ; Panama: Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island , 8.ii.1967, Akre — 4 males ( CAS) ; 12.iii.1967, Irwin — 5 males, 1 female ( UMSP) ; 24­25.ii.1969, Akre — 3 males ( CAS) ; 31.iii.1979, Silberglied & Aiello — 1 male ( NMNH) ; Snyder­Molino trail, marker 3, 23­29.xii.1987, Wolda — 1 male ( NMNH) ; 23­ 29.xi.1988, Wolda — 1 male ( NMNH) ; 24­31.v.1989, Wolda — 1 male ( NMNH) ; 13.xii.1989 ­ 13.ii 1990, Wolda — 1 male ( UMSP) ; San Blas: Río Carti Grande , 2 km W Nusagandi, 5.iii.1985, Flint & Louton — 1 male ( NMNH) ; VENEZUELA: Zulia: Perijá El Tucuco, Mission El Tucuco , Río del Pelaya , 2­1/ 2 km from church, 28­30.ix.1979, Savage — 1 male, 3 females ( NMNH) ; Parque Nacional Perijá, Río Negro in Toromo , 10°03'04”N, 72°42'43"W, 360 m, 15.i.1994, Holzenthal, Cressa, & Rincón — 1 male ( UMSP) .

Distribution. Colombia, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama, Venezuela,

Figures

FIGURE 61. Phylloicus lituratus. Male (all views P. lituratus holotype, except B2, P. priapulus holotype): A—lateral view; B1—dorsal view; B2—TIX­TX, dorsal view; C—sterna VIII, IX, and inferior appendages, ventral view; D—phallus, lateral view; E—phallotremal sclerites, dorsal view.

FIGURE 62. Phylloicus lituratus. Female (UMSP000018655): A—sterna IX, X and vaginal apparatus, ventral view; B—terga IX and X, dorsal view; C—sternum VIII, ventral view.

FIGURES 109-112. — 109. Phylloicus elegans (composite of UMSP000000172 and UMSP000022365). Forewing. — 110. Phylloicus flinti (UMSP000010104). Forewing. — 111. Phylloicus iridescens (composite of UMSP000009750 and UMSP000009751). Forewing. — 112. Phylloicus paprockii (composite of UMSP000068390-2). Forewing.