Phelipanche arenaria (Borkh.) Pomel (1874: 103)

Piwowarczyk, Renata, Pedraja, Óscar Sánchez, Khutsishvili, Manana & Kharazishvili, Davit, 2023, Holoparasitic Orobanchaceae in Georgia (Caucasus): taxonomic revision, diversity, distribution, habitats and host range, Phytotaxa 604 (1), pp. 1-103 : 24

4. Phelipanche arenaria (Borkh.) Pomel (1874: 103)

. Type:— GERMANY (neotype designated by Uhlich & Gregor 2017: 38): Flora des Grossherz, Hessen, Sandfelder bei Arheilgen unweit Darmstadt. Auf Artemisia camp ., VI. 1884, M. D¸rer (FR110886!). Basionym:— Orobanche arenaria Borkhausen (1794: 6) . Homotypic synonym:— Phelypaea arenaria (Borkh.) Walpers (1844: 459) . Heterotypic synonyms:— Orobanche laevis Linnaeus (1753: 632) , nom. rej. [ambiguous name]; Orobanche comosa Wallroth (1822: 314) . Fig. 12 .

General distribution: —From northwest Africa ( Algeria and Morocco), Europe to the Caucasus, Asia Minor and Central Asia ( Kazakhstan, northeast of the Caspian Sea).

Distribution: —Single localities in the southern part, Samtskhe-Javakheti (more numerous populations on the rocky slopes of the Mtkvari river valley) and Kakheti provinces ( Fig. 13 ).

Habitat: —Rocky, loamy, sandy slopes, steppe, roadsides, usually 700–1300 m.

Hosts: — Artemisia sp. (Asteraceae) , e.g., A. lerchiana Stechm. (probably a new species of host for it ( Sánchez Pedraja et al. 2016 +)).

Phenology: —Flowering June–July, fruiting July–August.

Conservation status: —Vulnerable (VU) – B1 ab(iii) + 2 ab(iii). EOO is less than 2000 km 2, existing in only two provinces; AOO is less than 100 km 2, severely fragmented, existing at fewer than 10 localities. Limiting factors are restricted loss/degradation of habitats, especially overgrowth, overgrazing, landslides, as wells as individuals at subpopulations not being numerous, usually only a few plants.

Specimens examined: — GEORGIA. Kakheti prov.: Davit Gareja steppes, near monastery, rocky steppe, 25 May 2014, R. Piwowarczyk ( KTC); Davit Gareja, on Artemisia , 15 June 2019, G. Łazarski (phot.); Davit Gareja Monastery , 8 June 2019, 41°26’51.0”N 45°22’32.9”E, F. Riegel [phot., https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/28047963] ; Samtskhe-Javakheti prov.: rocky slopes and roadsides near the rocky town of Vardzia, 41°22’41”N, 43°16’56”E, 1250 m, 3 June 2014, R. Piwowarczyk ( KTC); between Rustavi and Idumala, rocky grasslands, slopes of the river Mtkvari, 41°36’20”N, 43°08’29”E, 1060 m, 3 June 2014, R. Piwowarczyk ( KTC); Akhaltsikhe distr. , between Minadze and Rustavi, 41°36’35.6”N, 43°05’24.2”E, 16 June 2019, F. Riegel [phot., https://www.inaturalist. org/observations/29792504]; between Likani and Chitakhevi, roadside, rocky slope of the Mtkvari (Kura) river , 41°48’28.4”N, 43°19’47.0”E, 41°47’55.2”N, 43°18’44.2”E, 41°47’47.5”N, 43°18’18.0”E, 840–850 m, 16 June 2022, R. Piwowarczyk (phot.) .

Figures

FIGURE 12. Phelipanche arenaria. A–C. General habit. D–G. Flower, side and front view. H. Parasite with host Artemisia lerchiana. I, J. Representative habitats (Samtskhe-Javakheti prov., I. Near Chitakhevi. J. Vardzia). Photos by R. Piwowarczyk.

FIGURE 13. Distribution of Phelipanche arenaria in Georgia.