Ibotyporanga xique Huber, 2024

Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M. & Carvalho, Leonardo S., 2024, Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments, European Journal of Taxonomy 963, pp. 1-169 : 59-66

Ibotyporanga xique Huber sp. nov.

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Figs 22A , 25H–I , 42 , 51–54

Diagnosis

Males are easily distinguished from most known congeners (except I. xakriaba sp. nov.) by general shape of procursus ( Fig. 52A–C ; short and wide, distally with semitransparent ventral flap), by very short palpal patella ( Fig. 51C ; dorsally clearly shorter than medially wide), and by short conical prolateral process on embolus (arrow in Fig. 52D ); from similar I. xakriaba by absence of dorsal process on procursus (cf. Fig. 48C ) and by absence of dorsal protrusion distally on palpal femur (cf. Fig. 47A ); males further distinguished from most known congeners (except I. xakriaba and I. itatim sp. nov.) by slender legs (tibia 1 L/d>15). Females are distinguished from most known congeners by trapezoidal epigynum with deep pocket and posterior lateral parts heavily sclerotized ( Fig. 54A–B ; similar in I. xakriaba and I. itatim ); females of I. xakriaba sp. nov. are possibly indistinguishable morphologically.

Etymology

The species name is derived from the type locality; noun in apposition.

Type material

Holotype

BRAZIL – Bahia • ♂; S of Xique-Xique , ‘loc. 3’; 11.0398° S, 42.7311° W; 430 m a.s.l.; 24 Nov. 2022; B.A. Huber and A.S. Michelotto leg.; CHNUFPI 5888.

Paratypes

BRAZIL – Bahia • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 5889 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; UFMG 31654 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 9029 [deposited in ZFMK Ar 24355] .

Other material examined

BRAZIL – Bahia • 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀, in pure ethanol; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 5890 [deposited in ZFMK Br22-220; one female prosoma used for molecular work; two female abdomens transferred to ZFMK Ar 24355] .

Description

Male (holotype) MEASUREMENTS. Total body length 2.3, carapace width 0.88. Distance PME–PME 85 µm; diameter PME 80 µm; distance PME–ALE 30 µm; distance AME–AME 15 µm; diameter AME 70 µm. Leg 1: 7.28

(2.15+0.30 +2.03 +2.25 + 0.55), tibia 2: 1.85, tibia 3: 1.40, tibia 4: 1.90; tibia 1 L/d: 20; diameters of leg femora 0.18–0.19, of leg tibiae 0.10.

COLOUR (in ethanol). Prosoma and legs mostly pale ochre, carapace medially and ocular area slightly darker, femora and tibiae with darker subdistal rings; abdomen gray, dorsally and laterally with darker internal marks; ventrally with indistinct plates in front of gonopore and in front of spinnerets.

BODY. Habitus as in Fig. 25H . Ocular area slightly raised. Carapace with distinct but shallow thoracic groove. Clypeus with sclerotized rim with median notch. Sternum slightly wider than long (0.62/0.56), with pair of very low and indistinct anterior processes near coxae 1. Abdomen globular.

CHELICERAE. As in Fig. 53A–B ; with strongly curved median frontal apophysis; stridulatory files very fine and poorly visible in dissecting microscope.

PALPS. As in Fig. 51 ; coxa unmodified; trochanter with short rounded ventral protrusion; femur proximally with distinct retrolateral process directed toward distal, with prolateral stridulatory pick, distally widened but unmodified; femur-patella joints not shifted toward one side; patella much shorter than wide; tibia almost globular; tibia-tarsus joints not shifted toward one side; tarsus without dorsal process; procursus ( Fig. 52A–C ) short, with light prolateral band, distally with membranous ventral process; genital bulb ( Fig. 52D–F ) with wide prolateral sclerite on bulbous part, with short conical prolateral process on embolus.

LEGS. Without spines but with longer and slightly stronger hairs ventrally on femora; without curved hairs; with several rows of short vertical hairs on tibia 1; retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 at 57%; prolateral trichobothrium absent on tibia 1; tarsus 1 with ~4–5 pseudosegments, distally fairly distinct, proximally apparently irregular.

Variation (male)

Dark marks on carapace and legs in other males barely visible or absent. Tibia 1 in five males (incl. holotype): 1.70–2.05 (mean 1.93).

Female

In general, similar to male ( Fig. 25I ) but slightly darker ochre, carapace also with indistinct lateral and radial marks; color variable as in male, one female with very distinct dark rings on legs, also proximally on tibiae; clypeus and sternum unmodified; tibia 1 with few short vertical hairs. Tibia 1 length in five females: 1.65–1.95 (mean 1.76). Epigynum ( Fig. 54A–B ) anterior plate trapezoidal to bell-shaped, posterior lateral parts heavily sclerotized, posterior margin with pair of lateral indentations, with deep anterior pocket; posterior plate short and wide. Internal genitalia ( Fig. 54C–G ) very short, with pair of very narrow pore plates, complex system of lateral membranous structures (ducts and pouches?).

Distribution

Known from type locality only, in Brazil, Bahia ( Fig. 42 ).

Natural history

The specimens were collected on a rock field with thorny shrubs and scattered trees ( Fig. 22A ). The spiders were beaten out of dead branches. One egg sac was slightly flattened, had a diameter of 2.0, and an egg diameter of 0.62; the total number of eggs was estimated to be ~25.

Ibotyporanga camarai Huber sp. nov.

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Figs 42 , 55A–B , 56–59

Diagnosis

Males are easily distinguished from all known congeners by shape of procursus ( Fig. 57A–C ; short, proximally strongly curved, distally with slender semitransparent tip curved towards dorsal); also by distinctive prolateral apophysis on embolus (arrows in Fig. 57D–E ). Females differ from known congeners by internal genitalia with distinctive transversal membranous structure and large, apparently non-expandable membranous sac ( Figs 58C , 59B–C ).

Etymology

The species name honors Hélder Câmara (1909–1999), informally called the “bishop of the slums”, who served as a Brazilian archbishop from 1964 to 1985, opposing the military dictatorship.

Type material

Holotype

BRAZIL – Pernambuco • ♂; NE of Petrolina ; 9.1957° S, 40.3832° W; 440 m a.s.l.; 30 Nov. 2022; B.A. Huber and A.S. Michelotto leg.; CHNUFPI 5891.

Paratype

BRAZIL – Pernambuco • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 5892 [deposited in ZFMK Ar 24356] .

Other material examined

BRAZIL – Pernambuco • 1 ♂, 1♀, in pure ethanol; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 5893 [deposited in ZFMK Br22-243; female abdomen cleared and transferred to ZFMK Ar 24256] .

Description

Male (holotype) MEASUREMENTS. Total body length 2.0, carapace width 0.80. Distance PME–PME 70 µm; diameter PME 85 µm; distance PME–ALE 25 µm; distance AME–AME 15 µm; diameter AME 65 µm. Leg 1: 4.60

(1.27+0.30 +1.13 +1.43 + 0.47), tibia 2: 0.92, tibia 3: 0.83, tibia 4: 1.20; tibia 1 L/d: 10; diameters of leg femora 0.17–0.18, of leg tibiae 0.11.

COLOUR (in ethanol). Prosoma and legs mostly ochre-yellow, carapace medially with brown mark including ocular area, legs with indistinct dark rings on femora (subdistally) and tibiae (proximally and subdistally); abdomen pale gray with dark internal marks dorsally and laterally; ventrally with light ochre plates in front of gonopore and in front of spinnerets.

BODY. Habitus as in Fig. 55A . Ocular area slightly raised. Carapace with distinct but shallow thoracic groove. Clypeus with sclerotized rim with median notch. Sternum wider than long (0.54/0.44), with pair of very low and indistinct anterior processes near coxae 1. Abdomen globular.

CHELICERAE. As in Fig. 58A–B ; width 0.31; with strong median frontal apophysis; stridulatory files fine but clearly visible in dissecting microscope.

PALPS. As in Fig. 56 ; coxa unmodified; trochanter with rounded prolateral-ventral protrusion; femur proximally with prominent retrolateral process not directed toward distal, with prolateral stridulatory pick, distally widened but unmodified; femur-patella joints not shifted toward one side; patella dorsally slightly longer than medially wide; tibia-tarsus joints not shifted toward one side; tarsus with low and indistinct dorsal process; procursus ( Fig. 57A–C ) with light prolateral band, distally with membranous element curved towards dorsal and small subdistal process; genital bulb ( Fig. 57D–F ) with distinct prolateral sclerite on bulbous part, with distinctive apophysis and membranous structures on embolus.

LEGS. Without spines but with longer and slightly stronger hairs ventrally on femora; without curved hairs; with several rows of short vertical hairs on tibia 1; retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 at 58%; prolateral trichobothrium absent on tibia 1; tarsus 1 with ~3–4 pseudosegments, distally distinct.

Variation (male)

Dark rings on legs distinct in other males. Tibia 1 in two other males: 1.03, 1.13.

Female

In general, similar to male ( Fig. 55B ) but slightly darker; clypeus unmodified; tibia 1 with few vertical hairs; tibia 1 length: 1.15. Epigynum ( Fig. 59A ) anterior plate oval to trapezoidal, posterior margin almost straight, with weakly curved, shallow anterior pocket; posterior plate short and simple. Internal genitalia ( Figs 58C , 59B–C ) with pair of pore plates, with distinctive transversal membranous structure and large, apparently non-expandable membranous sac.

Distribution

Known from type locality only, in Brazil, Pernambuco ( Fig. 42 ).

Natural history

The spiders were found on the border between a bare rock outcrop and the neighboring thorny woodland. The three males were found under dead bark on the ground; the female was found under a stone.

Figures

Fig. 22. Ibotyporanga spp., typical habitats, part one (cf. Fig. 23): rock outcrops; all localities are in Brazil. A. Bahia, S of Xique-Xique (type locality of I. xique Huber sp. nov.). B. Rondônia, near Jamari (type locality of I. kanoe Huber sp. nov.). C. Bahia, W of Itatim (type locality of I. itatim Huber sp. nov.). D. Bahia, Guanambi (type locality of I. guanambi Huber sp. nov.). E. Bahia, NE of Morro do Chapéu (I. canudos Huber sp. nov.). F. Pernambuco, NE of Cabrobó (I. sertao Huber sp. nov.). Photos BAH.

Fig. 25. Ibotyporanga spp., live specimens, part one (cf. Figs 55, 73). A. I. ziruma Huber sp. nov., female with egg sac from Colombia, Magdalena, Santa Marta. B–C. I. walekeru Huber sp. nov., male from Colombia, La Guajira, S of Riohacha, and female with egg sac from Colombia, Cesar, ESE of Pueblo Bello. D–E. I. piojo Huber sp. nov., male and female with egg sac from Colombia, Atlántico, near Piojo. F–G. I. itatim Huber sp. nov., male and female with egg sac from Brazil, Bahia, W of Itatim. H–I. I. xique Huber sp. nov., male and female with egg sac from Brazil, Bahia, S of Xique-Xique.

Fig. 42. Known geographic distribution of Brazilian species with plesiomorphic short procursus.

Fig. 51. Ibotyporanga xique Huber sp. nov., male from Brazil, Bahia, S of Xique-Xique, ‘loc. 3’, ZFMK Ar 24355. Left palp, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. Scale line: 0.3 mm.

Fig. 52. Ibotyporanga xique Huber sp. nov., male from Brazil, Bahia, S of Xique-Xique, ‘loc. 3’, ZFMK Ar 24355. A–C. Left tarsus and procursus, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. D–F. Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views (arrow: distinctive process on embolus). Scale lines: 0.2 mm.

Fig. 53. Ibotyporanga xique Huber sp. nov., male and female from Brazil, Bahia, S of Xique-Xique, ‘loc. 3’, ZFMK Ar 24355. A–B. Male chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. C. Cleared female genitalia, dorsal view. Scale lines: 0.2 mm.

Fig. 54. Ibotyporanga xique Huber sp. nov., females from Brazil, Bahia, S of Xique-Xique, ‘loc. 3’, ZFMK Ar 24355. A–B. Abdomens, ventral views. C–D. Cleared genitalia of female shown in A, ventral and dorsal views. E. Cleared genitalia of female shown in B, ventral view. F–G. Detail of cleared female genitalia. Abbreviation: pp =pore plate. Scale lines: 0.2 mm.

Fig. 48. Ibotyporanga xakriaba Huber sp. nov., male from Brazil, Piauí, Parque Nacional da Serra das Confusões, CHNUFPI 1134. A–C. Left tarsus and procursus, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views (arrow: distinctive dorsal process on procursus). D–F. Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views (arrow: distinctive process on embolus). Scale lines: 0.2 mm.

Fig. 47. Ibotyporanga xakriaba Huber sp. nov., male from Brazil, Piauí, Parque Nacional da Serra das Confusões, CHNUFPI 1134. Left palp, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views (arrow: distinctive dorsal process on femur). Scale line: 0.3 mm.

Fig. 55. Ibotyporanga spp., live specimens, part two (cf. Figs 25, 73), all from Brazil. A–B. I. camarai Huber sp. nov., male and female from Pernambuco, NE of Petrolina. C–D. I. naideae Mello-Leitão, 1944, male and female with egg sac from Bahia, SE of Jacobina. E–F. I. diroa Huber & Brescovit, 2003, male and female with egg sac from Bahia, near Queimada Nova. G–H. I. imale Huber sp. nov., male from Bahia, E of São Félix do Coribe, and female with egg sac from Minas Gerais, NW of Itacarambi.

Fig. 56. Ibotyporanga camarai Huber sp. nov., male from Brazil, Pernambuco, NE of Petrolina, ZFMK Ar 24356. Left palp, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. Scale line: 0.3 mm.

Fig. 57. Ibotyporanga camarai Huber sp. nov., male from Brazil, Pernambuco, NE of Petrolina, ZFMK Ar 24356. A–C. Left tarsus and procursus, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. D–F. Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views (arrows: distinctive apophysis on embolus). Scale lines: 0.2 mm.

Fig. 58. Ibotyporanga camarai Huber sp. nov., male and female from Brazil, Pernambuco, NE of Petrolina, ZFMK Ar 24356. A–B. Male chelicerae, frontal and lateral views.C. Cleared female genitalia, dorsal view. Scale lines: 0.2 mm.

Fig. 59. Ibotyporanga camarai Huber sp. nov., female from Brazil, Pernambuco, NE of Petrolina, ZFMK Ar 24356. A. Abdomen, ventral view. B–C. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. Scale lines: 0.2 mm.