Nemophora nieukerkeni Kozlov, 2024

Kozlov, Mikhail V., 2024, Fairy moths of the genus Nemophora Hoffmannsegg, 1798 (Lepidoptera: Adelidae) from Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam, Zootaxa 5423 (1), pp. 1-66 : 6-10

Nemophora bifasciatella Issiki, 1930

Nemophora nieukerkeni Kozlov , sp. nov.

Nemophora karsholti Kozlov , sp. nov.

Nemophora szabokyi Kozlov , sp. nov.

Nemophora augantha ( Meyrick, 1907)

Nemophora fluorites ( Meyrick, 1907)

= Nemotois takamukuella Matsumura, 1932

= Adela suavis Caradja, 1938

Nemophora tanakai Hirowatari, 2007

Nemophora aurora Kozlov, 1997

Nemophora aglaospila ( Meyrick, 1928) , comb. nov.

Nemophora sinicella ( Walker, 1863) , comb. nov.

= Nemotois chrysocharis Caradja, 1938 , syn. nov.

Nemophora ahenea Stringer, 1930

Nemophora vietnamensis Kozlov , sp. nov.

Nemophora cleodoxa ( Meyrick, 1922) , comb. nov.

Nemophora pyrotechna (Meyrick, 1912)

Nemophora chionites ( Meyrick, 1907)

Nemophora griseella ( Walsingham, 1880)

= Nemotois cyphozona Meyrick, 1922

= Nemotois tricrates Meyrick, 1922

Nemophora ischnodesma ( Meyrick, 1928)

Nemophora punctifasciella Kozlov , sp. nov.

Nemophora satrapodes ( Meyrick, 1894)

Nemophora thailandensis Kozlov , sp. nov.

Nemophora melichlorias ( Meyrick, 1907) , comb. nov.

= Nemotois diplophragma Meyrick, 1938 , syn. nov.

= Nemophora basalistriata Liao, Hirowatari & Huang in Liao, Hirowatari, Yagi, Wang, Wang & Huang, 2023, syn. nov.

Nemophora nigripunctella Kozlov , sp. nov.

Nemophora chalcoptera Kozlov , sp. nov.

Nemophora paradisea ( Butler, 1881)

Nemophora decisella ( Walker, 1863)

Nemophora caeruliantenna Liao, Hirowatari & Huang in Liao, Hirowatari, Yagi, Wang, Wang & Huang, 2023

Nemophora sakaii ( Matsumura, 1931)

= Nemotois rubrofascia formosicola Matsumura, 1931 , syn. nov.

Nemophora auricapitella Kozlov , sp. nov.

Nemophora umbripennis Stringer, 1930

Nemophora chrysoprasias ( Meyrick, 1907)

Nemophora aurifera ( Butler, 1881)

= Tinachma (Adela) fasciella Motschulsky, 1860 (preoccupied)

= Nemotois limenites Meyrick, 1914 , syn. nov.

= Nemotois servata Meyrick in Caradja, 1925, syn. nov.

= Nemophora badagongshana Liao, Hirowatari & Huang in Liao, Hirowatari, Yagi, Wang, Wang & Huang, 2023, syn. nov.

= Nemophora quadrata Liao, Hirowatari & Huang in Liao, Hirowatari, Yagi, Wang, Wang & Huang, 2023, syn. nov.

Nemophora nielseni Kozlov , sp. nov.

Nemophora alba Kozlov, 2020

Nemophora maxinae Kozlov & Robinson, 1996

Nemophora meyi Kozlov , sp. nov.

Nemophora yeni Kozlov , sp. nov.

Nemophora rubicunda Kozlov , sp. nov.

Nemophora pecuniosa ( Meyrick, 1921)

Nemophora kuznetzovi Kozlov , sp. nov.

Nemophora costimaculella Kozlov, 2023

Key to the Nemophora species of Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam

1. Basal 0.5–0.7 of forewing yellow to ochreous yellow, with several dark brown and/or silver-grey longitudinal stripes...... 2

- Basal part of forewing either not yellow or without longitudinal stripes (although costal margin can be dark brown)....... 9

2. Frons glossy: silver, golden or bronze..................................................................... 3

- Frons dull yellow..................................................................................... 7

3. Larger (FWL 7.2–10.7 mm); apical quarter of forewing with several distinct spots or stripes. In male genitalia apical part of phallus with two carinae................................................................................ 4

- Smaller (FWL 6.0– 6.3 mm); apical quarter of forewing without spots or stripes ( Fig. 1 ). In male genitalia phallus without carinae................................................................................... N. bifasciatella

4. Apical quarter of forewing with large silver-grey spot parallel or nearly parallel to outer wing margin.................. 5

- Apical quarter of forewing with dark brown longitudinal stripes................................................ 6

5. Colour of apical quarter of forewing between silver-grey spot and outer wing margin is much lighter than between fascia and silver-grey spot ( Fig. 2 ). In male genitalia carinae of different length, reaching or almost reaching apex of phallus ( Fig. 89 ).......................................................................................... N. nieukerkeni

- Colour of apical quarter of forewing between silver-grey spot and outer wing margin is the same as between fascia and silver-grey spot ( Figs. 3, 4 ). In male genitalia carinae of similar length, reaching 0.6–0.7 of the distance between their base and apex of phallus ( Fig. 90 )............................................................................ N. karsholti

6. Forewing narrow (WLR 0.26); male compound eyes not enlarged (interocular index 0.4) ( Fig. 5 ). In male genitalia vinculum Y-shaped, longer (3.2 × length of valva); carinae articulated at 0.8 × length of phallus (counting from its base) ( Fig. 91 )................................................................................................ N. szabokyi

- Forewing wide (WLR 0.30–0.33); male compound eyes slightly enlarged (interocular index 0.65–0.75) ( Fig. 6 ). In male genitalia vinculum V-shaped, shorter (2.4 × length of valva); carinae articulated at 0.7 × length of phallus (counting from its base)...................................................................................... N. augantha

7. Yellow band in forewing fascia complete (not divided in two spots)............................................. 8

- Yellow band in forewing fascia incomplete (divided medially in two spots, costal and dorsal, so that fascia is X-shaped) ( Fig. 7 ).................................................................................... N. fluorites (males)

8. Larger (FWL 8.5–10.5 mm); margins of apical part of forewing dark brown ( Fig. 8 ).................. N. tanakai (males)

- Smaller (FWL 6.7–7.4 mm); margins of apical part of forewing dark ochreous, except for a small part of dorsal margin next to fascia ( Fig. 9 )................................................................................. N. aurora

9. Forewing with small yellow U-shaped spot at about middle of costal margin..................................... 10

- Forewing without small yellow U-shaped spot at costal margin................................................ 11

10. Apical part of forewing with multiple dark brown spots on glossy golden to yellow background; male antenna (except for scape) grey with light golden ring on each flagellomere ( Figs. 10, 11 ). In male genitalia apical part of valva relatively wide (about a half of basal part width); arrow head of juxta with short arms ( Fig. 92 ).......................... N. aglaospila

- Apical part of forewing uniformly dark brown with coppery tint, without glossy golden or yellow pattern; male antenna (except for scape) uniformly brown to bronze ( Figs. 12, 13 ). In male genitalia apical part of valva relatively narrow (about a third of basal part width); arrow head of juxta with long arms ( Fig. 93 )......................................... N. sinicella

11. Forewing with fascia at 0.5–0.6 × FWL................................................................... 12

- Forewing without fascia............................................................................... 36

12. Medial band of forewing fascia darker than forewing background colour........................................ 13

- Medial band of forewing fascia of same colour as forewing background or paler.................................. 16

13. Basal and apical quarters of forewing of same colour; basal quarter with large dark brown spot adjacent to costa; apical quarter without tornal spot................................................................................... 14

- Basal and apical quarters of forewing of different colour; basal quarter without large dark brown spot adjacent to costa; apical quarter with tornal spot................................................................................ 15

14. Frons dull (bright yellow to ochreous brown); male eyes enlarged (interocular index 1.1–1.4); male antenna of moderate length (2.5–3.0 × FWL) ( Figs. 14, 15 ). In male genitalia tips of valvae at about the same level as tip of tegumen; transtilla with short medial process ( Fig. 94 )......................................................................... N. ahenea

- Frons glossy golden; male eyes not enlarged (interocular index 0.45); male antenna very long (4.3 × FWL) ( Fig. 16 ). In male genitalia tips of valvae extend beyond tip of tegumen; transtilla with long medial process ( Fig. 95 )......... N. vietnamensis

15. Basal 0.4 of forewing glossy golden, remaining part bronze; forewing base with short transverse white stripe; fascia and tornal spot without scattered yellow scales; male compound eyes greatly enlarged (interocular index 0.9–1.1) ( Figs. 17, 18 ). In male genitalia vinculum U-shaped; phallus 1.35 × length of vinculum ( Fig. 96 )................................. N. cleodoxa

- Entire forewing dark brown with bronze tint; forewing base with two longitudinal yellow stripes; fascia and tornal spot with scattered yellow scales; male compound eyes slightly enlarged (interocular index 0.65) ( Figs. 19, 20 ). In male genitalia vinculum V-shaped; phallus 0.85 × length of vinculum ( Fig. 97 ).............................................. N. pyrotechna

16. Moth grey, with black and white pattern; forewing fascia with white band....................................... 17

- Moth not grey; forewing fascia without white band......................................................... 19

17. Basal part of hindwing white or translucent, clearly contrasting with brown apical part; base of RS stem in forewing with small dark spot; PLB very long (2.0 × vertical eye diameter) ( Fig. 21 )........................................ N. chionites

- Basal part of hindwing brown, opaque, of same colour as apical part; base of RS stem in forewing without small dark spot; PLB short (0.4–0.6 × vertical eye diameter).................................................................... 18

18. Forewing fascia consists of three bands (proximal silver-grey, medial dark brown and distal white); dark brown band straight ( Fig. 22 ).................................................................................... N. griseella

- Forewing fascia consists of two bands (proximal white and distal dark brown); dark brown band angular ( Fig. 23 )................................................................................................ N. ischnodesma

19. Forewing glossy indigo blue........................................................................... 20

- Forewing light metallic green, bronze, yellow, brown or coppery brown......................................... 22

20. Forewing with small yellow spot adjacent to external margin of fascia; hindwing without large yellow transverse spot ( Figs. 24 , 25 ).................................................................................... N. punctifasciella

- Forewing outside fascia without small yellow spot; hindwing with large yellow transverse spot...................... 21

21. Larger (FWL 7.0– 7.2 mm); forewing wider (WLR 0.38–0.40); forewing base without costal spot; basal and apical parts of hindwing of similar dark brown colour ( Fig. 26 ). Legs ochreous brown; distal parts of tarsomeres 2–5 dark coppery brown; epiphysis at 0.4, not reaching apex of tibia....................................................... N. satrapodes

- Smaller (FWL 5.5 mm); forewing narrower (WLR 0.34); forewing base with small dark brown costal spot; basal part of hindwing lighter (grey, nearly translucent) than apical (dark brown) part ( Fig. 27 ). Legs purplish brown; distal parts of tarsomeres 2–5 pale yellow; epiphysis at 0.5, reaching apex of tibia.............................................. N. thailandensis

22. Basal part of forewing with large yellow spot or stripe....................................................... 23

- Basal part of forewing without either yellow spot or stripe.................................................... 26

23. Apical part of forewing with large spot of same yellow colour as spot or stripe in basal part of forewing................ 24

- Apical part of forewing without yellow spot, although its dark brown or bronze background is scattered with yellow scales.................................................................................................... 25 24. Yellow band in forewing fascia incomplete (divided medially in two spots, costal and dorsal, so that fascia is X-shaped); larger (FWL 8.0– 8.6 mm).................................................................... N. fluorites (females)

- Yellow band in forewing fascia complete (not divided in two spots); smaller (FWL 7.2–7.5 mm)....... N. tanakai (females)

25. Basal quarter of forewing with transverse yellow stripe, which reaches costal margin but does not reach wing base ( Figs. 28, 29 )...................................................................................... N. melichlorias

- Basal quarter of forewing with large yellow spot, which does not reach costal margin but reaches wing base ( Figs. 33, 35 )....................................................................... N. paradisea and N. decisella (females)

26. Frons dull, yellow to ochreous, at least along lateral margins.................................................. 27

- Frons glossy, golden to bronze.......................................................................... 32

27. Medial band of forewing fascia pale yellow to bright yellow; its width at costa is less than 1.5 × its width at dorsum...... 28

- Medial band of forewing fascia reddish ochreous to red; its width at costa is more than 1.5 × its width at dorsum......... 31

28. Smaller (female FWL 4.6 mm); forewing with small black spot adjacent to external margin of fascia at about middle of forewing width ( Fig. 30 )................................................................... N. nigripunctella

- Larger (female FWL 6.5–9.8 mm); forewing without small black spot adjacent to external margin of fascia............. 29

29. Yellow band of forewing fascia on both sides surrounded by relatively wide (0.2–0.4 × width of yellow band) glossy silver-grey bands, which clearly contrast with forewing background; apical part of forewing without diffuse dark brown spot at the outer margin; costal area of hindwing with wide yellow spot....................................................... 30

- Yellow band of forewing fascia externally (but not internally) surrounded by relatively narrow (0.15–0.18 × width of yellow band) glossy bronze band, which does not contrast with forewing background; apical part of forewing with diffuse dark brown spot at outer margin; costal area of hindwing without wide yellow spot ( Fig. 31 )........................ N. chalcoptera

30. Forewing coppery brown ( Fig. 32 ). In male genitalia inner valvar margins form narrow triangular gap between valvae; phallus nearly straight; apical third of carinae nearly straight......................................... N. paradisea (males)

- Forewing greyish brown ( Fig. 34 ). In male genitalia inner valvar margins almost parallel to each other; phallus strongly Cshaped; apical third of carinae strongly S-shaped............................................. N. decisella (males)

31. Forewing light brassy-green with brilliant luster ( Fig. 36 ). In male genitalia valvae fused to each other and to vinculum; apex of phallus spoon-shaped; carinae well sclerotised, with dorsally directed tips ( Fig. 100 )................. N. caeruliantenna

- Forewing dark brown with bronze luster ( Figs. 37, 38 ). In male genitalia valvae not fused either to each other or to vinculum; apex of phallus pointed; carinae absent ( Fig. 101 )...................................................... N. sakaii

32. Apical third of forewing with ochreous stripes and spots; vertex glossy golden ( Figs. 39, 40 ). In male genitalia phallus with a pair of carinae ( Fig. 102 , 119 )............................................................... N. auricapitella

- Apical third of forewing without ochreous stripes and spots, but can be suffused with light scales; vertex dull (pale yellow to dark brown). In male genitalia phallus without carinae....................................................... 33

33. Basal part of forewing dark brown, densely scattered with bright yellow scales; vertex dark brown; PLB long (1.6–1.9 × vertical eye diameter) ( Figs. 41, 42 ). In male genitalia vinculum U-shaped; arrow head of juxta extremely wide (WLR 1.3) ( Figs. 103 , 120 )..................................................................................... N. umbripennis

- Basal part of forewing light metallic green to coppery bronze, not scattered with yellow scales; vertex yellow to ochreous brown; PLB short (0.5–1.1 × vertical eye diameter). In male genitalia vinculum V-shaped; arrow head of juxta moderately wide (WLR 0.40–0.65).................................................................................... 34

34. Basal and apical parts of forewing of same light metallic green colour; apical part of forewing not scattered with yellow scales ( Fig. 43 ). In male genitalia apex of valva widely rounded.......................................... N. chrysoprasias

- Basal parts of forewing bronze to coppery bronze; apical part brown, scattered with pale yellow scales. In male genitalia apex of valva narrowly rounded............................................................................. 35

35. Forewing fascia consists of three bands (medial yellow band bordered by dark brown bands); tarsomeres brown except for basal parts, which are yellow ( Figs. 44–47 ). In male genitalia lateral process at apex of phallus long and thin ( Figs. 104 , 121 )................................................................................................ N. aurifera

- Forewing fascia consists of five bands (medial yellow band bordered by dark brown bands and then by silver-grey bands); tarsomeres brown except for apical parts, which are yellow ( Figs. 48 , 49 ). In male genitalia lateral process at apex of phallus short and thick ( Fig. 105 )........................................................................ N. nielseni

36. Basal and apical parts of forewing of same colour........................................................... 37

- Basal and apical parts of forewing of different colours....................................................... 39 37. Moth white, with light creamy pattern ( Fig. 50 )........................................................ N. alba

- Moth ochreous, brown or dark brown.................................................................... 38

38. Forewing uniformly coppery brown, unpatterned; female antenna with scale-thickening reaching forewing apex ( Figs. 51, 52 )........................................................................................... N. maxinae

- Forewing with yellow or silver-grey spots; female antenna without scale-thickening or scale-thickening extends only to 0.7 × FWL.............................................................................................. 39

39. Forewing very narrow (WLR 0.24), dark brown, with a few yellow spots ( Figs. 53, 54 ). In male genitalia tips of valvae at about same level as tip of tegumen; ventral margin of valva without posteroventrally directed lobe; sacculus moderately long (0.6 × length of valva) ( Fig. 106 )......................................................................... N. meyi

- Forewing moderately wide (WLR 0.35), ochreous brown, with multiple silver-grey spots ( Figs. 55 , 57 ). In male genitalia tip of tegumen extends beyond tips of valvae; ventral margin of valva with large posteroventrally directed lobe (see from side); sacculus long (0.8 × length of valva) ( Fig. 107 )......................................................... N. yeni

40. Yellow field in basal part of forewing extends along costa twice more than along dorsum; this yellow field does not contain silver-grey spots ( Fig. 58 )...................................................................... N. rubicunda

- Yellow field in basal part of forewing extends along costa only slightly more than along dorsum; this yellow field contains silver-grey spots..................................................................................... 41

41. Vertex medially glossy golden; yellow basal part of forewing usually with four silver-grey spots, among which only one spot is located at the costal wing margin ( Figs. 59, 60 ). In male genitalia vinculum Y-shaped; phallus apically divided into four pointed hook-shaped processes ( Figs. 109 , 123 )........................................................... N. pecuniosa

- Entire vertex pale yellow to ochreous brown; yellow basal part of forewing usually with two or seven silver spots, two of which are located at the costal wing margin. In male genitalia vinculum V-shaped; phallus apically pointed or divided into two pointed straight or gently C-shaped processes.................................................................... 42

42. Yellow part of forewing usually with two silver spots; male compound eyes moderately enlarged (interocular index 1.08–1.13); PLB short (0.25–0.40 × vertical eye diameter) ( Fig. 61 ). In male genitalia internal valvar margin with small prong at 0.3 × length of valva (counting from its base); phallus without carinae ( Fig. 110 )............................. N. kuznetzovi

- Yellow part of forewing usually with seven silver spots; male compound eyes greatly enlarged (interocular index 1.2–1.3); PLB moderately long (0.4–0.5 × vertical eye diameter) ( Fig. 62 ). In male genitalia internal valvar margin smooth; phallus with two short carinae............................................................................ N. costimaculella

Species descriptions

Figures

FIGURES 1–8. Adults of Nemophora spp. 1, N. bifasciatella Issiki, 1930, female, from Doi Inthanon National Park, Thailand; 2, N. nieukerkeni Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Phan Xi Pang, Vietnam; 3, N. karsholti Kozlov, sp. nov., male, paratype, from Doi Inthanon National Park, Thailand; 4, ditto, female, paratype, from the same locality; 5, N. szabokyi Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Changwat Nan, Thailand; 6, N. augantha (Meyrick, 1907), male, lectotype, from Khasi Hills, Meghalaya, India; 7, N. fluorites (Meyrick, 1907), male, from Khasi Hills, Meghalaya, India; 8, N. tanakai Hirowatari, 2007, male, paratype, from Tam Dao, Vietnam. Scale: 2 mm.

FIGURES 89–93. Male genitalia of Nemophora spp. 89, N. nieukerkeni Kozlov, sp. nov.; 90, N. karsholti Kozlov, sp. nov.; 91, N. szabokyi Kozlov, sp. nov.; 92, N. aglaospila (Meyrick, 1928); 93, N. sinicella (Walker, 1863); a: genital complex, ventral view (right valva not shown); b: genital complex, lateral view; c: juxta; d: phallus, ventral view; e: phallus, lateral view. Scale: 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 9–16. Adults of Nemophora spp. 9, N. aurora Kozlov, 1997, female, from Sa Pa, Vietnam; 10, N. aglaospila (Meyrick, 1928), male, from S. E. Borneo, Indonesia; 11, ditto, female, from Nam-Lik Eco-Village, Vientiane Province, Laos; 12, N. sinicella (Walker, 1863), male, from Maymyo, Shan Hills, Myanmar; 13, ditto, female, from Huai Nam Dang, Thailand; 14, N. ahenea Stringer, 1930, male, holotype, from Iwawakisan, Kii Province, Honshu, Japan; 15, ditto, female, from Mt. Mikusa, Hyogo Prefecture, Honshu, Japan; 16, N. vietnamensis Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Quảng Chu, Vietnam. Scale: 2 mm.

FIGURES 94–99. Male genitalia of Nemophora spp. 94, N. ahenea Stringer, 1930; 95, N. vietnamensis Kozlov, sp. nov.; 96, N. cleodoxa (Meyrick, 1922); 97, N. pyrotechna (Meyrick, 1912); 98, N. punctifasciella Kozlov, sp. nov.; 99, N. melichlorias (Meyrick, 1907); a: genital complex, ventral view (right valva not shown); b: genital complex, lateral view; c: juxta; d: phallus, ventral view; e: phallus, lateral view. Scale: 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 17–24. Adults of Nemophora spp. 17, N. cleodoxa (Meyrick, 1922), male, lectotype, from Minbu, Myanmar; 18, ditto, female, paralectotype, from the same locality; 19, N. pyrotechna (Meyrick, 1912), male, from Kadan Kyun, Myanmar; 20, ditto, female, from the same locality; 21, N. chionites (Meyrick, 1907), male, from Cherrapunji, Meghalaya, India; 22, N. griseella (Walsingham, 1880), male, from Shillong, Meghalaya, India; 23, N. ischnodesma (Meyrick, 1928), male, from Pidaung, Myanmar; 24, N. punctifasciella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Sumbawa Island, Indonesia. Scale: 2 mm.

FIGURES 25–32. Adults of Nemophora spp. 25, N. punctifasciella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, paratype, from Sam Ngao, Thailand; 26, N. satrapodes (Meyrick, 1894), female, lectotype, from Nyaungshwe, Myanmar; 27, N. thailandensis Kozlov, sp. nov., female, holotype, from Khao Yai Mt., Thailand; 28, N. melichlorias (Meyrick, 1907), male, from Doi Inthanon National Park, Thailand; 29, ditto, female, from the same locality; 30, N. nigripunctella Kozlov, sp. nov., female, holotype, from Phou Pane Mt., Laos; 31, N. chalcoptera Kozlov, sp. nov., female, holotype, from Phou Pane Mt., Laos; 32, N. paradisea (Butler, 1881), male, from Kanzanji, Yogo-cho, Shiga Prefecture, Honshu, Japan. Scale: 2 mm.

FIGURES 33–40. Adults of Nemophora spp. 33, N.paradisea (Butler, 1881), female, from Kanzanji,Yogo-cho, Shiga Prefecture, Honshu, Japan; 34, N. decisella (Walker, 1863), male, from Rampayoh River, Brunei; 35, ditto, female, lectotype of Adela sythoffi Snellen, 1901, from Preanger, Java, Indonesia; 36, N. caeruliantenna Liao, Hirowatari & Huang in Liao et al., 2023, male, from Changwat Nan, Thailand; 37, N. sakaii (Matsumura, 1931), male, from Khao Yai National Park, Thailand; 38, ditto, female, from Cherrapunji, Meghalaya, India; 39, N. auricapitella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Myeik, Myanmar; 40, ditto, female, paratype, from the same locality. Scale: 2 mm.

FIGURES 100–105. Male genitalia of Nemophora spp. 100, N. caeruliantenna Liao, Hirowatari & Huang in Liao et al., 2023; 101, N. sakaii (Matsumura, 1931); 102, N. auricapitella Kozlov, sp. nov.; 103, N. umbripennis Stringer, 1930; 104, N. aurifera (Butler, 1881); 105, N. nielseni Kozlov, sp. nov.; a: genital complex, ventral view (right valva not shown); b: genital complex, lateral view; c: juxta; d: phallus, ventral view; e: phallus, lateral view. Scale: 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 119–121. Male genitalia of Nemophora spp. 119, N. auricapitella Kozlov, sp. nov., holotype, from Mergui, Myanmar, gen. prep. 29450 (NHM); 120, N. umbripennis Stringer, 1930, from Hakodate, Japan, gen. prep. 31284 (NHM); 121, N. aurifera (Butler, 1881), from Japan, gen. prep. 30662 (NHM); a: genital complex, ventral view; b: phallus; c: apex of phallus. Scale: 0.2 mm (valid for a and b only).

FIGURES 41–48. Adults of Nemophora spp. 41, N. umbripennis Stringer, 1930, male, from Nose, Kinki, Honsyu, Japan; 42, ditto, female, from Chin Hills, Myanamar; 43, N. chrysoprasias (Meyrick, 1907), male, lectotype, from Khasi Hills, Meghalaya, India; 44, N. aurifera (Butler, 1881), male, from Pilushen-mu, Hualien County, Taiwan; 45, ditto, male, from Sa Pa, Vietnam; 46, ditto, male, holotype of Nemotois servata Meyrick in Caradja 1925, from Linping, Yunnan Province, China; 47, ditto, female, from Kozagawa, Wakayama Prefecture, Honshu, Japan; 48, N. nielseni Kozlov, sp. nov., male, paratype, from Doi Ithanon National Park, Thailand. Scale: 2 mm.

FIGURES 49–56. Adults of Nemophora spp. 49, N. nielseni Kozlov, sp. nov., female, paratype, from Doi Ithanon National Park, Thailand; 50, N. alba Kozlov, 2020, female, holotype, from Mergui, Myanmar; 51, N. maxinae Kozlov & Robinson, 1996, male, holotype, from Palace Rvin, Ko Sichang, Thailand; 52, ditto, female, paratype, from Sungai Burong, Brunei; 53, N. meyi Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Sa Pa, Vietnam; 54, ditto, female, paratype, from the same locality; 55, N. yeni Kozlov, sp. nov., male, paratype, from Fushan, Ilan County, Taiwan; 56, ditto, head of male, paratype, from the same locality. Scale: 2 mm.

FIGURES 106–110. Male genitalia of Nemophora spp. 106, N. meyi Kozlov, sp. nov.; 107, N. yeni Kozlov, sp. nov.; 108, N. rubicunda Kozlov, sp. nov.; 109, N. pecuniosa (Meyrick, 1921); 110, N. kuznetzovi Kozlov, sp. nov.; a: genital complex, ventral view (right valva not shown); b: genital complex, lateral view; c: juxta; d: phallus, ventral view; e: phallus, lateral view. Scale: 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 57–62. Adults of Nemophora spp. 57, N. yeni Kozlov, sp. nov., female, paratype, from Sa Pa, Vietnam; 58, N. rubicunda Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Victoria Point, Myanmar; 59, N. pecuniosa (Meyrick, 1921), male, from Khao Yai National Park, Thailand; 60, ditto, female, from the same locality; 61, N. kuznetzovi Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Quảng Chu, Vietnam; 62, N. costimaculella Kozlov, 2023, male, holotype, from Khasi Hills, Meghalaya, India. Scale: 2 mm.

FIGURES 122–123. Male genitalia of Nemophora spp. 122, N. rubicunda Kozlov, sp. nov., holotype, from Victoria Point, Myanmar, gen. prep. 31818 (NHM); 123, N. pecuniosa (Meyrick, 1921), from Khao Yai National Park, Thailand, gen. prep. 31273 (NHM); a: genital complex, ventral view; b: phallus; c: apex of phallus. Scale: 0.2 mm (valid for a and b only).