Apterodela (Protoapterodela) unipunctata ( Fabricius, 1775 )

Matalin, Andrey V., Wiesner, Jürgen, Xiong, Xinxin & Araki, Takashi, 2024, Revision of the genus Apterodela Rivalier, 1950 (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae), Zootaxa 5405 (3), pp. 301-353 : 333-336

Apterodela (Protoapterodela) unipunctata ( Fabricius, 1775)

Figs 33, 34 , 61, 62 , 97, 102 , 137, 142 , 144 , 152 , 182, 192 , 226 , 236 , 243 , 250 , 257 , 264 .

Cicindela unipunctata Fabricius, 1775: 225 (Type locality—America).

Cicindela unipunctata Fabricius, 1775 : Say 1818: 412, Pl.3 fig. 3; 1834: 410; Dejean 1825: 50; LeConte 1848: 175; 1857: 32; Chaudoir 1865: 35; G. Horn 1868 /1869: 123; Schaupp 1883: 79; Fleutiaux 1892: 92; Leng & Beutenmüller 1894: 88, 90; Leng 1902: 119; Davis 1912: 19; W. Horn 1915: 389; 1926: 291; 1928: 12; 1938: T. 80 f. 18; Hamilton 1925: 43 f. 71, 108, 138; Dawson 1928: 7; Staig 1931: 8, Pl. 4; Willis 1968: 310; 1970: 9; Mather 1971: 22; Graves & Pearson 1973: 185; Boyd 1982: 16; 1985: 105; Franklin 1988: 249; Graves & Brzoska 1991: 25; Acciavatti et al. 1992: 71; Downie & Arnett 1994: 66; Kritsky et al. 1996: 29; Ciegler 1997: 191; Knisley & Schultz 1997: 135; Larochelle & Larivière 2001: 146; Allen & Acciavatti 2002: 27; Choate 2003: 105; Brust et al. 2005: 42; Guarnieri 2009: 2; Gwiazdowski et al. 2011; Mason et al. 2023: 8.

Dromochorus unipunctatus ( Fabricius, 1775) : Schilder 1953: 559.

Cicindela (Cylindera) unipunctata Fabricius, 1775 : Freitag 1999: 88; Pearson et al. 2006: 158.

Cylindera (Cylindera) unipunctata ( Fabricius, 1775) : Rivalier 1954: 265; Wiesner 1992: 186; Pearson et al. 1997: 37, 63: fig. 19; Lorenz 1998: 54; 2005: 169; Werner 1995: T. 44 f. 402; Beaton 2008: 41; Erwin & Pearson 2008: 224; Bousquet 2012: 83 , 291, 1592.

Apterodela unipunctata ( Fabricius, 1775) : Pearson et al. 2015: 174; Duran & Gough 2019: 5 ; 2022: 294; Wiesner 2020: 266; Beaton et al. 2021: 59.

Type material. Holotype of Cicindela unipunctata (by monotypy), ♂ (digital images, Figs 33, 34 )—“ Cic. unipunctata Fabr. page 285 № 13” [white handwritten label with double black frame], “ HUNTERIAN COLL. ZIHU.” [white typed label], “139829” [white typed label], “ COMPARED WITH MODERN EXAMPLES IN BRIT.

MUS. R.A.S. MARCH 1926 ” [white label with red type except hand-written last numera], “ Cicindela unipunctata Fab. ” [white hand-written label with double red frame] ( HMUG) .

Additional material. USA, NJ: 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ — Woodland Township , Burlington Co (cTA); MD : 1 ♀ — Charles Co , Douglas Point, 2.VI . 85, J.D. Glaser (cJG); TN : 8 ♂♂ — Great Smoky Mts N.P., Greenbrier Cove , h ~ 600–700 m, 28–29.IV.2004, leg. S. & S. Kazantsev ( MSPU, cSK) ; 1 ♂ — ibid, h ~ 700 m, 3–11.VI.2005, leg. S. Kazantsev; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ — Great Smoky Mts N.P., Whiteoak Sink, h ~ 600 m, 4–10.VI .2005, leg. S. Kazantsev (all cSK); 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀ — Becksheba Springs, 20.VI .2003, leg. N.V. Zinchenko ( MSPU, ZMUM); GA : 2 ♂♂ — Helen , White Co (cTA) .

References. USA: NJ —Lakehurst ( Davis 1912); Atlantic Co., campus of the Richard Stockton College, 29.VII.2006 ( Gwiazdowski et al. 2011); Burlington Co., Woodland Township, Franklin Parker Preserve, N39.81496, W–74.54796 ( Mason et al. 2023); ibid, 21–22.VII.1984, M. Schreader; ibid, 7.VIII—7.IX.1984, H. Boyd; ibid, 12.VIII.1984, R. Tebin (all Boyd 1985); OH —Gallia Co., woods along Montgomery Road, 2.0 miles west of Ohio, 4 June 1995 (Kritsky et al. 1996); MD —Pocomoke River State Park, 27.V.2006 ( Guarnieri 2009); TN —Lafollette ( Hamilton 1925); PA —near York Furnace, Nathan Reist; near Pittsburg, Brown’s Woods, George A. Ehrmann (both Leng 1902); IA —Cedar Co., Wickham ( Leng 1902); KY —Carter Co., in the wood, Charles Dury ( Leng 1902); GA —White Co., Unicoi State Park, 21.VII.1995, D. Brzoska ( Vogler & Welsh 1997); NY —Ridgeway, 13.VIII.1911; Lakewood (both Davis 1912); MO —Pinewoods Lake Recreation Area, near Ellsinore; Hawn State Park; 40 miles southwest of St. Louis; Gray Summit, Shaw Nature Reserve; Trail of Tears State Park; Jane’s Wildflower Trail; Bluff Overlook Trail ( MacRae 2011); eastern Ozark Highlands ( MacRae 2012); MN —unrecorded locality of the State of Minnesota ( Horn 1928).

Differential diagnosis. From other congeneric species A. unipunctata easily distinguished by trapezoid, tridentate labrum in both sexes ( Figs 97, 102 ), extremely reduced white elytral pattern presented by small to tiny marginal portion of middle band, and cupreous-brown patch replacing it apical portion ( Figs 33 , 182, 192 ), medium-sized aedeagus with broad distal third and short apex ( Figs 226 , 136 ), and by the shape of internal sac ( Figs 243 , 250 , 257 , 264 ).

Redescription. TL = 12.7–16.0 mm (mean = 13.55 mm, n = 12) in males, 14.5–18.0 mm (mean = 16.5 mm, n = 4) in females; body relatively flat, in males much better than in females—TL/BH = 3.45–3.78 (mean = 3.61, n = 8) vs. 3.92 (n = 1).

Head metallic bronze with bright purple lustre, genae greenish blue with purple tinge, gula black blue with greenish reflection; orbital plates with 5–6 relatively deep straight furrows ( Figs 61, 62 ); vertex wide and flat, HW/ PW = 1.1–1.25 (mean = 1.17, n = 17). Antennae projected posteriorly over basal quarter of elytra; antennomeres 1–4 bright metallic green with golden-cupreous or purple-gold reflection, scape besides single apical seta glabrous; antennomeres 3 with 6–8 while antennomere 4 with 2–4 short, stout, white setae except apical ones. Labrum long, trapeziform, LW/LL = 1.71–2.0 (mean = 1.81 mm, n = 12), tridentate ( Figs 97, 102 ), with 4–6 submarginal setae.

Pronotum metallic bronze, bronze-cupreous or bronze-black with golden-green tinge; transverse, indistinctly convex, PL/PW = 1.1–1.22 (mean = 1.17, n = 21); finely rugose, with sparse white hairs along lateral margins, shallow anterior and posterior sutures and anterior portion of deep, metallic green or bluish-green midline; with two shallow impressions over posterior angles; lateral margins gradually rounded to the base, virtually straight before posterior angles ( Figs 137, 142 ). Thoracic segments bright violet with greenish-golden-cupreous reflection, glabrous, indistinctly rugose ( Fig. 152 ); wings developed but apparently not functional ( Fig. 144 ). Legs metallic blue-violet, tibiae as well as middle and hind tarsi with green lustre.

Elytra dull bronze, bronze-cupreous, bronze-black or purple-bronze; with numerous, deep diffused, small blue or bluish-green punctures as well as with subhumeral and subsutural rows, and subapical diffuse cluster of large golden-greenish-blue setigerous pores; EL/EW = 1.5–1.64 (mean = 1.6, n = 21); without subapical notch; shoulders well developed, straight-angular, rounded, EW/EHW = 1.21–1.33 (mean = 1.27, n = 21); scutellum large, bronze or bronze-cupreous; humeral group of series umbilicata consists 7–8 large setigerous pores ( Fig. 152 ); epipleura broad, brownish bronze with violet lustre. White elytral pattern dramatically reduced and often presented by small or indistinct marginal portion of middle band while its apical portion replaced by coppery-brown patch, rarely in some specimens small, rounded apical portion of humeral lunule developed, apical lunule absent ( Figs 33 , 182, 192 ).

Abdominal ventrites violet-blue, greenish-blue, or green with light golden-green tinge along finely striated lateral margins.

Aedeagus medium-sized, EL/AL = 1.92–2.15 (mean = 2.05, n = 8), with short, slightly curved proximal portion and broad distal third with narrow, short apex and long lateral flanks ( Figs 226 , 136 ); internal sac long, with relatively small blunt mt, large ag as well as with well-developed VLL, BLL, VLR and BLR ( Figs 243 , 250 , 257 , 264 ).

Larva. See Hamilton (1925).

Biology. See Larochelle & Larivière (2001), Erwin & Pearson (2008).

Distribution. USA: AL, AR, DC, GA, IA, IL, IN, KY, MD, MN, MO, MS, NC, NJ, NY, OH, PA, SC, TN, VA, WV ( Pearson et al. 1997, 2006, 2015; Fig. 281 ).

Figures

FIGURE 281. Distribution of Apterodela (Protoapterodela) unipunctata (according to Pearson et al. 1997, 2006, 2015; https:// www.inaturalist.org/taxa/1065054-Apterodela-unipunctata and additional records). Map source—https://upload.wikimedia.org/ wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png.

FIGURES 25–34. Apterodela spp., type specimens: 25, 26—A. (s. str.) kazantsevi; 27—A. (s. str.) latissima sp. nov.; 28—A. (s. str.) alopecomma sp. nov.; 29–32—A. (Protoapterodela) shirakii; 33, 34—A. (Protoapterodela) unipunctata; 25, 27–29, 31, 33—habitus; 26, 30, 32, 34—labels; 25–30, 33, 34—males; 31, 32—females; 25–28, 33, 34—holotypes; 29, 30—lectotype; 31, 32—paralectotype.

FIGURES 49–62. Apterodela spp., head: 49, 50—A. (s. str.) ovipennis (49—Japan, Honsu, Mooka; 50—Japan, Itoigawa city, Agero); 51–53—A. (s. str.) lobipennis (51—China, Jiangxi, Kiu Kiang; 52—China, Hubei, Chang Yang; 53—China, Hubei, Dabie Shan); 54, 55—A. (s. str.) kazantsevi (54—China, Jiangxi, Jinggangshan; 55—China, Jiangxi, Wufugang); 56—A. (s. str.) latissima sp. nov. (China, Yunnan, Xishangbana); 57, 58—A. (s. str.) alopecomma sp. nov. (57—China, Sichuan, Qingcheng Hou Shan; 58—China, Sichuan, Guan Xian); 59, 60—A. (Protoapterodela) shirakii (China, Taiwan, Alishan); 61, 62— A. (Protoapterodela) unipunctata (USA, TN, Great Smoky Mts N.P.); 49, 52, 54, 56, 57, 59, 61—males; 50, 51, 53, 55, 58, 60, 62—females; 51—neotype; 54, 56, 57—holotypes; 58—paratype.

FIGURES 83–102. Apterodela spp., labrum: 83, 84, 88, 89—A. (s. str.) ovipennis (83, 88—Japan, Itoigawa city, Agero; 84, 89—Japan, Honsu, Mooka); 85–87, 90–92—A. (s. str.) lobipennis (85—China, Hubei, Chang Yang; 86—China, Hubei, Ichang; 87, 92—China, Hubei, Enshi; 90—China, Jiangxi, Kiu Kiang; 91—China, Hubei, Dabie Shan); 93, 98—A. (s. str.) kazantsevi (93—China, Jiangxi, Jinggangshan; 98—China, Jiangxi, Wufugang); 94, 99—A. (s. str.) latissima sp. nov. (China, Yunnan, Xishangbana); 95, 100—A. (s. str.) alopecomma sp. nov. (95—China, Sichuan, Qingcheng Hou Shan; 100—China, Sichuan, Guan Xian); 96, 101—A. (Protoapterodela) shirakii (China, Taiwan, Alishan); 97, 102—A. (Protoapterodela) unipunctata (USA, TN, Great Smoky Mts N.P.); 83–87, 93–97, 99—males; 88–92, 98, 100–102—females; 90—neotype; 93–95—holotypes; 99, 100—paratypes.

FIGURES 123–142. Apterodela spp., pronotum: 123, 128,—A. (s. str.) ovipennis (123—Japan, Honsu, Mooka; 128—Japan, Itoigawa city, Agero); 124–127, 129–132—A. (s. str.) lobipennis (124—China, Hubei, Chang Yang; 125—China, Hubei, Ichang; 126—China, Kiang-Si [= Jiangxi]; 127, 132—China, Hubei, Enshi; 129—China, Jiangxi, Kiu Kiang; 130—China, Hubei, Dabie Shan; 131—China, Kiang-Si [= Jiangxi], Yao-chow); 133, 138—A. (s. str.) kazantsevi (133—China, Jiangxi, Jinggangshan; 138—China, Jiangxi, Wufugang); 134, 139—A. latissima sp. nov. (China, Yunnan, Xishangbana); 135, 140— A. (s. str.) alopecomma sp. nov. (135—China, Sichuan, Qingcheng Hou Shan; 140— China, Sichuan, Guan Xian); 136, 141—A. (Protopterodela) shirakii (China, Taiwan, Alishan); 137, 142—A. (Protoapterodela) unipunctata (USA, TN, Great Smoky Mts N.P.); 123–127, 133–137, 139—males; 128–132, 138, 140–142—females; 133–135—holotypes; 139, 140—paratypes.

FIGURES 143–145. Apterodela spp., right hind wings: 143—A. (s. str.) bivirgulata bivirgulata (China, Zhejiang, Dao Shan Island); 144—A. (Protoapterodela) unipunctata (USA, TN, Great Smoky Mts N.P.); 145—A. (Protoapterodela) shirakii (China, Taiwan, Alishan): 1—male; 2, 3—females.

FIGURES 146–152. Apterodela spp., series umbilicata and metepisternum, right lateral view:146—A. (s. str.) ovipennis (Honsu, Mooka); 147—A. (s. str.) bivirgulata bivirgulata (China, Henan, Hui-Xian); 148—A. (s. str.) lobipennis (China, Hubei, Ichang); 149—A. (s. str.) kazantsevi (China, Jiangxi, Jinggangshan); 150—A. (s. str.) alopecomma sp. nov. (China, Sichuan, Qingcheng Hou Shan); 151—A. (Protoapterodela) shirakii (China, Taiwan, Alishan); 152—A. (Protoapterodela) unipunctata (USA, TN, Great Smoky Mts N.P., Greenbrier Cove); 146, 148–152—males; 147—female; 149, 150—holotypes. Without scales.

FIGURES 173–192. Apterodela spp., left elytron: 173–179, 183–189—A. (s. str.) bivirgulata occidentalis ssp. nov. (173— China, Kansu, eastern part of Kuku nor; 183, 184—China, Gansu, Hweisin; 174, 175, 185—China, Gansu, Hoei-Sienn; 176 – China, Henan, Donghe-cun; 177, 187—China, Shanxi, Zhong-Tiao-Shan; 178, 188—China, Inner Mongolia, Hua-Shu-Ye; 186—China, Gansu, Wangziguan; 179, 189—China, Sichuan, Daheishan); 180, 181, 190, 191—A. (Protoapterodela) shirakii (180—China,Taiwan,Tattka;190—China,Taiwan,Roeichi;181, 191—China,Taiwan,Alishan);182,192—A.(Protoapterodela) unipunctata (USA, TN, Great Smoky Mts N.P.); 173–182—males; 183–192—females; 183— holotypes; 173–175, 178, 179, 184–189—paratypes; 180—lectotype; 190—paralectotype.

FIGURES 213–226. Apterodela spp., aedeagus, left lateral view: 213—A. (s. str.) ovipennis (Japan, Itoigawa, Agero); 214, 215—A. (s. str.) bivirgulata bivirgulata (214—China, Jiangxi, Lushan; 215—China, Zhejiang, Dao Shan Island); 216–219—A. (s. str.) bivitgulata occidentalis ssp. nov. (216 – China, Kansou, Hoei-Sien; 217—China, Shanxi, Zhong-Tiao-Shan; 218— China, Inner Mongolia, Hua-Shu-Ye; 219—China, Sichuan, Daheishan); 220, 221—A. (s. str.) lobipennis (220—China, Chang Yang; 221—China, Ichang); 222—A. (s. str.) kazantsevi (China, Jiangxi, Jinggangshan); 223—A. (s. str.) latissima sp. nov. (China, Yunnan, Xishangbana); 224—A. (s. str.) alopecomma sp. nov. (China, Sichuan, Qingcheng Hou Shan); 225—A. (Protoapterodela) shirakii (China, Taiwan, Alishan); 226—A. (Protoapterodela) unipunctata (USA, TN, Great Smoky Mts N.P., Greenbrier Cove); 216–219, 223—paratypes; 222, 224—holotype.

FIGURES 227–236. Apterodela spp., aedeagus, right lateral view: 227—A. (s. str.) ovipennis (Japan, Itoigawa, Agero); 228, 229—A. (s. str.) bivirgulata bivirgulata (228—China, Chin Kiang; 229—China, Zhejiang, Dao Shan Island); 230, 231—A. (s. str.) bivitgulata occidentalis ssp. nov.sp. nov. (230—China, Shanxi, Zhong-Tiao-Shan; 231—China, Inner Mongolia, Hua- Shu-Ye); 232—A. (s. str.) lobipennis (China, Ichang); 233—A. (s. str.) kazantsevi (China, Jiangxi, Jinggangshan); 234—A. (s. str.) alopecomma sp. nov. (China, Sichuan, Qingcheng Hou Shan); 235—A. (Protoapterodela) shirakii (China, Taiwan, Alishan); 236—A. (Protoapterodela) unipunctata (USA, TN, Great Smoky Mts N.P., Greenbrier Cove); 233—holotype; 230, 231, 234—paratypes.

FIGURES 237–243. Apterodela spp., internal sack, dorsal view: 237—A. (s. str.) ovipennis (Japan, Itoigawa, Agero); 238—A. (s. str.) bivirgulata bivirgulata (China, Chin Kiang); 239—A. (s. str.) kazantsevi (China, Jiangxi, Jinggangshan); 240—A. (s. str.) lobipennis (China, Hubei, Enshi); 241—A. (s. str.) alopecomma sp. nov. (China, Sichuan, Qingcheng Hou Shan); 242—A. (Protoapterodela) shirakii (China, Taiwan, Alishan); 243—A. (Protoapterodela) unipunctata (USA, TN, Great Smoky Mts N.P., Greenbrier Cove); 239, 241—paratypes. Without scales. The abbreviations of humps and sclerites see in the text.

FIGURES 244–250. Apterodela spp., internal sac, left lateral view: 244—A. (s. str.) ovipennis (Japan, Itoigawa, Agero); 245— A. (s. str.) bivirgulata bivirgulata (China, Chin Kiang); 246—A. (s. str.) kazantsevi (China, Jiangxi, Jinggangshan); 247—A. (s. str.) lobipennis (China, Hubei, Enshi); 248—A. (s. str.) alopecomma sp. nov. (China, Sichuan, Qingcheng Hou Shan); 249—A. (Protoapterodela) shirakii (China, Taiwan, Alishan); 250—A. (Protoapterodela) unipunctata (USA, TN, Great Smoky Mts N.P., Greenbrier Cove); 246, 248—paratypes. Without scales. The abbreviations of humps and sclerites see in the text.

FIGURES 251–257. Apterodela spp., internal sac, right lateral view: 251—A. (s. str.) ovipennis (Japan, Itoigawa, Agero); 252—A. (s. str.) bivirgulata bivirgulata (China, Chin Kiang); 253—A. (s. str.) kazantsevi (China, Jiangxi, Jinggangshan); 254— A. (s. str.) lobipennis (China, Hubei, Enshi); 255—A. (s. str.) alopecomma sp. nov. (China, Sichuan, Qingcheng Hou Shan); 256—A. (Protoapterodela) shirakii (China, Taiwan, Alishan); 257—A. (Protoapterodela) unipunctata (USA, TN, Great Smoky Mts N.P., Greenbrier Cove); 253, 255—paratypes. Without scales. The abbreviations of humps and sclerites see in the text.

FIGURES 258–264. Apterodela spp., internal sack, ventral view: 258—A. (s. str.) ovipennis (Japan, Itoigawa, Agero); 259—A. (s. str.) bivirgulata bivirgulata (China, Chin Kiang); 260—A. (s. str.) kazantsevi (China, Jiangxi, Jinggangshan); 261—A. (s. str.) lobipennis (China, Hubei, Enshi); 262—A. (s. str.) alopecomma sp. nov. (China, Sichuan, Qingcheng Hou Shan); 263—A. (Protoapterodela) shirakii (China, Taiwan, Alishan); 264—A. (Protoapterodela) unipunctata (USA, TN, Great Smoky Mts N.P., Greenbrier Cove); 260, 262—paratypes. Without scales. The abbreviations of humps and sclerites see in the text.