Apterodela (s. str.) ovipennis ( Bates, 1883 )

Matalin, Andrey V., Wiesner, Jürgen, Xiong, Xinxin & Araki, Takashi, 2024, Revision of the genus Apterodela Rivalier, 1950 (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae), Zootaxa 5405 (3), pp. 301-353 : 304-307

Apterodela (s. str.) ovipennis ( Bates, 1883)

Figs 1–6 , 49, 50 , 83, 84, 88, 89 , 123, 128 , 146 , 153, 154, 163, 164 , 213 , 227 , 237 , 244 , 251 , 258 .

Cicindela ovipennis Bates, 1883: 214 , Pl. XIII fig. 1 (Type locality— Japan, Sado ).

Cicindela ovipennis Bates, 1883 : Fleutiaux 1892: 92; Jakobson 1905: 189; W. Horn 1915: 290; 1926: 167; 1927: 41; 1938: 41, T. 50 fig. 5; Winkler 1924: 7; Matsumura 1928: 211; Miwa 1936: 49, fig. 28; Baba 1937: 357; Kurosawa 1982: 4, 5, fig. 2; 1991: 33, figs 1–12; The Insects of Japan 1983: 31; Mandl 1981: 23; Satô 1985: 11, Pl. 2 fig. 5; Ohno 1991: 2; 2002: 11; Kimoto & Yasuda 1995: 259, 275; Nishikawa 2001; Watanuki & Watanuki 2003: 44; Map collection of the distribution of Japanese animal 2010: 0492; El Sayed & Nakamura 2010: 6; Tō et al. 2014: 33.

Cicindela (Cylindera) ovipennis Bates, 1883 : Enokido 1985: 38.

Cicindela (Apterodela) ovipennis Bates, 1883 : Nakane 1960: 19; 1976: 4; Yoshimatsu et al. 2018: 20.

Cylindera ovipennis ( Bates, 1883) : Ohno 1993: 69; Red Data Book Toyama 2012: 181.

Cylindera (Cylindera) ovipennis ( Bates, 1883) : Schilder 1953: 547.

Cylindera (Apterodela) ovipennis ( Bates, 1883) : Rivalier 1963: 47; Cassola & Nidek 1984: 14; Werner 1992: T. 42, figs 361, 362; Wiesner 1992: 179; Lorenz 1998: 53; 2005: 165; Matalin 2001: 387; Puchkov & Matalin 2003: 108; Sota et al. 2011: 717; Sasakawa 2008: 103, 104, figs 1–15.

Apterodela ovipennis ( Bates, 1883) : Rivalier 1950: 231; Nakane 1955: 26; Ohno 1993: 62; Putchkov & Matalin 2017: 217; Duran & Gough, 2019: 5; 2022: 294; Wiesner 2020: 266; Matsumoto 2021a: 26; 2021b: 25; 2021c: 29.

Type material. Lectotype of Cicindela ovipennis (designated here), ♂ (digital images, Figs 1–3 )—Type [circular white typed label with red circuit]; Japan. G. Lewis. 1910–320 [white typed label]; Sado 8·9·81 [white hand-written label]; ovipennis Bates [white hand-written label]; Cylindera ovipennis Bates, 1883 B3: 137 [white printed label]; BMNH 014663400 [white printed label]; LECTOTYPUS, Cicindela ovipennis Bates, 1883 , design. A. Matalin et J. Wiesner, 2023 [red printed label] ( BMNH). Paralectotype of Cicindela ovipennis (designated here), ♀ (digital images, Figs 4–6 )— Japan. G. Lewis. 1910–320 [white typed label]; Sado 6·10·81 [white hand-written label]; BMNH 014663401 [white printed label]; PARALECTOTYPUS, Cicindela ovipennis Bates, 1883 , design. A. Matalin et J. Wiesner, 2023 [red printed label] ( BMNH).

Addition material. Japan, Aomori Prefecture: 1 ♀ (digital image)— Towada, 11.VIII.19’, Sapporo, Dr. Matsumura [presumably, Dr. Shonen Matsumura, Hokkaido Imperial University, Sapporo] ; 1 ♂ (digital image)— Tashiro-motoyu, N Hakkoda Mts , Aomori City, 28.VI.1987, leg. H. Sawada (both HNHM) ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ — Japan, Tashirotai, N Hokkoda Mts., Aomori City, 26.VI.1988, leg. H. Sawada (cJW) ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ —Nozawa-Onsen, Shingou, Sannohe (cMH, cTA); 3 ♂♂ — Mt. Hakkoda (cMH); Iwate Prefecture: 1 ♂ — Sukawa spa, Mt Kurikoma , 17.VI .1986, leg. S. Morita (cJG); 1 ♂ — Ashina-zawa, Jouhouji, Ninohe City (cTA); Akita Prefecture: 1 ♂ — Kitaurashinzan, Oga City (cTA); Yamagata Prefecture: 22 ♂♂, 17 ♀♀ —Ochiai, Yonezawa City ; 9 ♂♂, 18 ♀♀ —Kyozuka, Yonezawa City ; 6 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀ —Shirafu-takayu, Yonezawa City (all cTA) ; 1 ♀ — Mt. Yudono , Higashitagawa Co .; 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ —Oguni, Nishi-okitama Co. ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ —Nagai Dam, Nagai (all cMH) ; 9 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ —Han’naridaira, Oguni, Nishi-okitama Co.; 1 ♂ — Mt. Kyozuka , Oguni, Nishi-okitama Co. (all cTA) ; 1 ♀ (digital image)— Japan, Oguni, Yamagata, 5.VI.1974 ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (digital images)— Japan, Yamagata, Mt Tyokai , 3.XI.1979 (both HNHM) ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ — Mt. Chokai [= Tyokai], Yuza, Akumi Co .; 1 ♂ — Ooami, Tsuruoka City (both cTA); Miyagi Prefecture: 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀ —Aoba, Sendai ; 1 ♂ —Izumi, Sendai ; 1 ♂ —Taiwa, Kurokawa ; 1 ♀ —Fukuoka-fukaya, Shiraishi City ; 1 ♂ — Shichika-shuku, Karita Co. (all cTA) ; 1 ♂ — Mt. Izumigatake , Izumi ; 1 ♀ — Futakuchi Pass, Sendai (both cMH); Fukusima Prefecture : 1 ♀ — Japan, Nangon , 2.7.1986, leg. A. Tonkata (cJG) ; 1 ♀ — Hibara pass, Kitashiobara, Maya Co. (cTA); Niigata Prefecture: 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀ —Jap., I. Sado, Rost, 1902 ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ — Japan, Insel Sado , 1– 15.VII.1925 (both MTD) ; 1 ♂ — Japan, Insel Sado , 16.IX.1967, leg. K. Suga ; 1 ♂ — Japan , Is. Sado, 31.7.1968 ; 4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀ — Japan, Nagaoka City, 7.VI.2014 (all cJW) ; 2 ♀♀ — Japan, Sado Isl. , Kanai, 15.V.1983, leg. Ishikawa (cJG) ; 2 ♂♂ — Mt. Matsunoyama , Suyama, Tokamachi City ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ — Mt. Kinpokusan , Sado Is. (both cMH) ; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ — Mt. Kinpokusan , Sado Is .; 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ —Jigokudani-rindo, Sado Is.; 1 ♂ 1 ♀ —Minami-uonuma; 1 ♀ — Yahiko Park, Yahiko, Nishi-kambara Co.; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ —Shimoda-mura, Yahiko, Minami-kambara Co.; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ —near Uchino-kura Dam, Shibata City; 1 ♂ — Mt. Atema-yama , Tokamachi City ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ — Mt. Nokogiri-yama , Nagaoka City (all cTA) ; 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀ — Japan, Itoigawa city, Agero, h = 800–1000 m, 28.V.2016, leg. S. Kakinuma ( MSPU) ; 9 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀ — ibid (cSD) ; Gunma Prefecture: 7 ♂♂, 1 ♀ — Mt. Hotaka , Katashina, Tone Co .; 1 ♀ —near Fujiwara Dam, Minakami, Tone Co. (both cTA); Tochigi Prefecture: 1 ♂, 1 ♀ — Japan, Honsu, Mooka , 18.04.1988, leg. K. Ishiruka (cPU) ; Tokyo Prefecture: 2 ♂♂ —Japan, Tokyo ( MTD) ; Nagano Prefecture: 6 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀ —Sekida Pass, Sakae, Shimominochi Co .; 1 ♂ —Sakae, Shimominochi Co.; 3 ♀♀ — Nozawa-Onsen, Shimotakai Co. (all cTA) ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ —Nukui, Iiyama (cMH); 2 ♂♂ — Centr. Japan , Nagano, Aug. 1960 ( SMNS) ; 1 ♀ (digital image)— Japan, Nagano Pr., 17.V.1963 ( HNHM) ; Toyama Prefecture: 1 ♀ — Mt. Sougadake , Unazuki, Kurobe City (cTA); Ishikawa Prefecture: 2 ♂♂ — Ohara, Kanazawa (cMH); Kyoto Prefecture: 1 ♂ — Kibune (Kyoto), leg. Y. Yano ( MTD) ; Hyōgo Prefecture: 2 ♂♂ — Maya-san, Hyogo, V.1937, coll. Y. Yano ( MTD).

References. Japan, Hokkaido Prefecture —Mt. Koma-ga-take, Mori-machi, Kayabe Co., Oshima Branch, 7.VIII.1969, Masanobu Shima, National Museum of Nature and Science ( Kurosawa 1982; Sasakawa 2008); near Lake Shikotsu, [Chitose City], Ishikari Branch, 6.VIII.1985, leg. Hiroshi Tsuchiya ( Enokido 1985); Aomori Prefecture —Sukayu, 40°37’N 140°45’E ( Mandl 1981); Tsuta, 40°30’N 141°05’E ( Mandl 1981); Hakkôda [Mt Hakkôda-san, Aomori-shi]; Dake-Onsen Spa, ltayanagi-machi; Aoni, Kuroishi-shi (all Sasakawa 2008); Akita Prefecture —Mt Magusa-dake, Higashi-Naruse-mura ( Sasakawa 2008); Yamagata Prefecture —Mt Gassan, Nishikawa-machi ( Sasakawa 2008); Nagai, VI.2009, N. Yoshikawa ( Sota et al. 2011); Nukumidaira in Iide Mts., 8.VIII.1969, Y. Shibata ( Yoshimatsu et al. 2018); Miyagi Prefecture —Mt Zaô-San ( Sasakawa 2008); Sendai, VII.2005, S. Yamamoto ( Sota et al. 2011); Niigata Prefecture —Echigo (= Niigata), Nakazatomura, 20.V.1945, K. Tanaka; ibid, 21–29.V.1945, K. Tanaka; ibid, 4–6.VI.1945, K. Tanaka (all Yoshimatsu et al. 2018); Tainai, Kurokawa; Akikawa, Sado-shi; Nakaoki, Sado-shi (all Sasakawa 2008); Sado, Mt Kinpokuzan, VI.1996, T. Tanigaki; Tohkamachi, V.2007, H. Nishi (both Sota et al. 2011); Plateau Akakura-kogen, 1,000 m, on a hard ground road in a broadleaved forest, 27.VII.1993 ( Lafer & Lelej 1994); 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (cobalt-blue colour form)—Mt. Nokogiri-yama, Nagaoka City, 17.VII.2002; 1 ♂ (cobalt-blue colour form)— ibid, 6.VIII.2002 (both Watanuki & Watanuki 2003); Gunma Prefecture —Mt Tenjin-dake, 1380 m, Minakami-machi; Mt Mikuni-yama, 980 m, Minakamimachi (both Sasakawa 2008); Ishikawa Prefecture —Nanao-shi; Sano, 100 m, Nanao-shi (both Sasakawa 2008); Kanazawa, VI.2003, N. Nagata ( Sota et al. 2011); Toyama Prefecture —Ikuridani, Tonami-shi; Mt Futagami-yama, Takaokashi (both Sasakawa 2008); Nagano Prefecture —Mt Iituna Nagano-ken [= Mt Iizunayama, Nagano-shi] ( Sasakawa 2008); Fukui Prefecture —Obama, 32°44’N 130°11’E ( Mandl 1981); Kamitakeda, 800 m, Maruoka-cho ( Sasakawa 2008); Gifu Prefecture —Hanedani ~ Amo pass ~ Shoyashiki, 18.VI.1972, K. Tanaka, H. Ohira ( Yoshimatsu et al. 2018).

Differntial diagnosis. From other species, C. ovipennis is immediately distinguished by the elongate-ovate elytra without subapical notch; by the smoothly sinuate centro-apical portion of middle band and large, comma-shaped supra-apical spot ( Figs 153, 154, 163, 164 ); by the black sub-sutural dot in basal third of elytra in females ( Figs 163, 164 ); by the relatively short tridentate labrum, especially in males ( Figs 83, 84 ), by the sparsely pubescent metepisternum in males ( Fig. 146 ), and by the shapes of aedeagus ( Figs 213 , 227 ) and internal sac ( Figs 237 , 244 , 251 , 258 ).

Redescription. TL = 11.96–13.42 mm (mean = 12.7 mm, n = 11) in males, 13.2–16.2 mm (mean = 14.23 mm, n = 7) in females; 13.5–15.0 mm in the original description ( Bates 1883: 214); body moderately convex, in females much better than in males ( Fig. 6 vs. Fig. 3 )—TL/BH = 3.49–3.89 (mean = 3.66, n = 6) vs. 3.59–4.46 (mean = 3.92, n = 11).

Head cupreous-bronze with greenish lustre; genae from cupreous to bronze with purple-green tinge; gula black with bluish-green and cupreous-bronze reflection; orbital plates with 8–10 relatively deep straight furrows ( Figs 49, 50 ); vertex shallowly concave; HW/PW = 1.26–1.43 (mean = 1.35, n = 28). Antennae projected posteriorly to basal third of elytra; antennomeres 1–4 metallic green or blue green with bright cupreous or purple-cupreous reflection, scape besides single apical seta glabrous; antennomeres 3 with 5–11 while antennomere 4 with 3–5 short, stout, white setae except apical ones. Labrum transverse, LW/LL = 1.49–2.38 (mean = 2.01 mm, n = 11) in males, 1.44–2.0 mm (mean = 1.65 mm, n = 6) in females, tridentate in males ( Figs 83, 84 ) virtually unidentate in females ( Figs 88, 89 ), with 5–10 submarginal setae.

Pronotum metallic green with distinct bronze, bronze-cupreous-or purple-bronze tinge; virtually subquadrate, PL/PW = 0.96–1.08 (mean = 1.02, n = 53); lateral margins subparallel in anterior two thirds, distinctly converging before posterior angles; finely wrinkled, indistinctly convex on disc; with two impressions over posterior angles; anterior and posterior sutures distinct; midline metallic green or greenish-blue, relatively deep with small anterior and wide and deep posterior impressions ( Figs 123, 128 ). Thoracic segments bronze or bronze-cupreous with greenish or bluish-green lustre, metepisternum and posterior sides of metathorax in males sparsely pubescent ( Fig. 146 ), in females glabrous. Legs metallic cupreous or bronze-cupreous with green, bluish-green, or violet tinge especially in apical portion of tibiae, knees bluish-green or green.

Elytra bronze, bronze-green, green with narrow bronze-cupreous lateral margins; with numerous, dense diffused, small bluish-green punctures as well as with subsutural row, and subhumeral cluster of large golden-green setigerous pores ( Figs 1, 4 , 153, 154, 163, 164 ); elongate-ovate, EL/EW = 1.49–1.77 (mean = 1.62, n = 53); without subapical notch; shoulders narrow and sloping, EW/EHW = 1.4–1.83 (mean = 1.52, n = 53); apices with short, indistinct sutural spine; scutellum large, bronze or bronze-cupreous; humeral group of series umbilicata consists 5–6 large setigerous pores ( Fig. 146 ); epipleura narrow, black with bronze-cupreous lustre. White elytral pattern presented by smoothly sinuate centro-apical portion of middle band and by comma-shaped supra-apical spot; elytra of females with black sub-sutural dot in basal third ( Figs 163, 164 ; for the variability of elytral pattern see also Baba 1937; Kurosawa 1991; Sasakawa 2008).

Abdominal ventrites black or dark-bronze with greenish-cupreous and golden reflection along lateral margins.

Aedeagus relatively small, EL/AL = 1.95–2.03 (mean = 1.99, n = 4), with smoothly curved, short proximal portion, and short, wide, blunt, rounded apex and long lateral flanks ( Figs 213 , 227 ); internal sac with small BLL and BLR, spineform f, and medium-sized downward mt ( Figs 237 , 244 , 251 , 258 ).

Variability. Additionaly to normal bronze to broze-green beetles, bright-green and cobalt-blue coloured forms are known. Cobalt-blue form is recorded in Nagaoka, Niigata Prefecture, where it syntopically habitate with typical bronze form ( Watanuki & Watanuki 2003).

Biology. See Matsumoto (2021a –c).

Distribution. JAPAN, HOKKAIDO: Hokkaido Prefecture —Oshima, Ishikari Subprefectures; HONSHU: Tōhoku Region— Aomori, Akita, Iwate, Yamagata, Miyagi, Fukusima Prefectures; Kantō Region— Gunma Prefecture; Chūbu Region— Niigata, Toyama, Ishikawa, Fukui, Gifu, Nagano Prefectures. Only two specimens of A. ovipennis are known from Hokkaido. Based on elytral pattern, Kurosawa (1991) raised the possibility they might have recently been introduced from Aomori Prefecture. Some records are known from Tochigi, Saitama, Tokyo, and Yamanashi Prefectures, but Kurosawa (1991) excuded these from the distribution range as erroneous or dubious. Old records from Kyoto and Hyogo Prefectures are also likely erroneous. Both localities (Kibune and Mt. Maya-san) are frequently visited by many amateur insect collectors, but no records of A. ovipennis have been reported in Japanese publications ( Fig. 279 ).

Notes. In the original description of C. ovipennis males and females from Sado Island were indicated ( Bates 1883). In the collection of BMNH one male and one female from Sado Island from the collection of Henry Bates are housed ( Figs 1–6 ). Although the label “Type” is pinned only under the male ( Figs 1–3 ), both these specimens must be regarded as the syntypes. According to the Articles 72.1.1, 72.10, 73.2 and 74 of ICZN (1999) the mentioned above male is designated here as the lectotype while the female—as the paralectotype of C. ovipennis (see the section” Type material”

Figures

FIGURE 279. Distribution of Apterodela (s. str.) ovipennis (according to Kurosawa 1991; Japan Animal Distribution Map Collection 2010, and additional records; open symbols—doubtful and unconfirmed records). Map source—https://commons. wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Japan_relief_location_map_with_side_map_of_the_Ryukyu_Islands.jpg.

FIGURES 1–6. Apterodela (s. str.) ovipennis, type specimens: 1, 3, 4, 6—habitus (1, 4—dorsal view; 3, 6—left lateral view); 2, 5—labels; 1–3—male, lectotype; 4–6—female, paralectotype.

FIGURES 49–62. Apterodela spp., head: 49, 50—A. (s. str.) ovipennis (49—Japan, Honsu, Mooka; 50—Japan, Itoigawa city, Agero); 51–53—A. (s. str.) lobipennis (51—China, Jiangxi, Kiu Kiang; 52—China, Hubei, Chang Yang; 53—China, Hubei, Dabie Shan); 54, 55—A. (s. str.) kazantsevi (54—China, Jiangxi, Jinggangshan; 55—China, Jiangxi, Wufugang); 56—A. (s. str.) latissima sp. nov. (China, Yunnan, Xishangbana); 57, 58—A. (s. str.) alopecomma sp. nov. (57—China, Sichuan, Qingcheng Hou Shan; 58—China, Sichuan, Guan Xian); 59, 60—A. (Protoapterodela) shirakii (China, Taiwan, Alishan); 61, 62— A. (Protoapterodela) unipunctata (USA, TN, Great Smoky Mts N.P.); 49, 52, 54, 56, 57, 59, 61—males; 50, 51, 53, 55, 58, 60, 62—females; 51—neotype; 54, 56, 57—holotypes; 58—paratype.

FIGURES 83–102. Apterodela spp., labrum: 83, 84, 88, 89—A. (s. str.) ovipennis (83, 88—Japan, Itoigawa city, Agero; 84, 89—Japan, Honsu, Mooka); 85–87, 90–92—A. (s. str.) lobipennis (85—China, Hubei, Chang Yang; 86—China, Hubei, Ichang; 87, 92—China, Hubei, Enshi; 90—China, Jiangxi, Kiu Kiang; 91—China, Hubei, Dabie Shan); 93, 98—A. (s. str.) kazantsevi (93—China, Jiangxi, Jinggangshan; 98—China, Jiangxi, Wufugang); 94, 99—A. (s. str.) latissima sp. nov. (China, Yunnan, Xishangbana); 95, 100—A. (s. str.) alopecomma sp. nov. (95—China, Sichuan, Qingcheng Hou Shan; 100—China, Sichuan, Guan Xian); 96, 101—A. (Protoapterodela) shirakii (China, Taiwan, Alishan); 97, 102—A. (Protoapterodela) unipunctata (USA, TN, Great Smoky Mts N.P.); 83–87, 93–97, 99—males; 88–92, 98, 100–102—females; 90—neotype; 93–95—holotypes; 99, 100—paratypes.

FIGURES 123–142. Apterodela spp., pronotum: 123, 128,—A. (s. str.) ovipennis (123—Japan, Honsu, Mooka; 128—Japan, Itoigawa city, Agero); 124–127, 129–132—A. (s. str.) lobipennis (124—China, Hubei, Chang Yang; 125—China, Hubei, Ichang; 126—China, Kiang-Si [= Jiangxi]; 127, 132—China, Hubei, Enshi; 129—China, Jiangxi, Kiu Kiang; 130—China, Hubei, Dabie Shan; 131—China, Kiang-Si [= Jiangxi], Yao-chow); 133, 138—A. (s. str.) kazantsevi (133—China, Jiangxi, Jinggangshan; 138—China, Jiangxi, Wufugang); 134, 139—A. latissima sp. nov. (China, Yunnan, Xishangbana); 135, 140— A. (s. str.) alopecomma sp. nov. (135—China, Sichuan, Qingcheng Hou Shan; 140— China, Sichuan, Guan Xian); 136, 141—A. (Protopterodela) shirakii (China, Taiwan, Alishan); 137, 142—A. (Protoapterodela) unipunctata (USA, TN, Great Smoky Mts N.P.); 123–127, 133–137, 139—males; 128–132, 138, 140–142—females; 133–135—holotypes; 139, 140—paratypes.

FIGURES 146–152. Apterodela spp., series umbilicata and metepisternum, right lateral view:146—A. (s. str.) ovipennis (Honsu, Mooka); 147—A. (s. str.) bivirgulata bivirgulata (China, Henan, Hui-Xian); 148—A. (s. str.) lobipennis (China, Hubei, Ichang); 149—A. (s. str.) kazantsevi (China, Jiangxi, Jinggangshan); 150—A. (s. str.) alopecomma sp. nov. (China, Sichuan, Qingcheng Hou Shan); 151—A. (Protoapterodela) shirakii (China, Taiwan, Alishan); 152—A. (Protoapterodela) unipunctata (USA, TN, Great Smoky Mts N.P., Greenbrier Cove); 146, 148–152—males; 147—female; 149, 150—holotypes. Without scales.

FIGURES 153–172. Apterodela (s. str.) spp., left elytron: 153, 154, 163, 164—A. (s. str.) ovipennis (153, 163—Japan, Sado; 154, 164—Japan, Honsu, Mooka); 155–162, 165–172—A. (s. str.) bivirgulata bivirgulata (155—China, Ngan-Hoeï; 156, 157, 166, 167—China, Jiangsu, Chin-Kiang; 158—China, Kiangsu [= Jiangsu]; 159, 169, 170 China, Jiangsu, Nanjing; 160—China, Jiangxi, Lushan; 161—China, Hubei, Wuhan; 162, 172—China, Zhejiang, Dao Shan Island; 165—China, Shandong, Ho-Chan; 168—China, Henan, Hui-Xian; 171—China, Jiangsu, Hushukuan); 153–162—males; 163–172—females; 153—lectotype; 155—holotype; 163—paralectotype.

FIGURES 213–226. Apterodela spp., aedeagus, left lateral view: 213—A. (s. str.) ovipennis (Japan, Itoigawa, Agero); 214, 215—A. (s. str.) bivirgulata bivirgulata (214—China, Jiangxi, Lushan; 215—China, Zhejiang, Dao Shan Island); 216–219—A. (s. str.) bivitgulata occidentalis ssp. nov. (216 – China, Kansou, Hoei-Sien; 217—China, Shanxi, Zhong-Tiao-Shan; 218— China, Inner Mongolia, Hua-Shu-Ye; 219—China, Sichuan, Daheishan); 220, 221—A. (s. str.) lobipennis (220—China, Chang Yang; 221—China, Ichang); 222—A. (s. str.) kazantsevi (China, Jiangxi, Jinggangshan); 223—A. (s. str.) latissima sp. nov. (China, Yunnan, Xishangbana); 224—A. (s. str.) alopecomma sp. nov. (China, Sichuan, Qingcheng Hou Shan); 225—A. (Protoapterodela) shirakii (China, Taiwan, Alishan); 226—A. (Protoapterodela) unipunctata (USA, TN, Great Smoky Mts N.P., Greenbrier Cove); 216–219, 223—paratypes; 222, 224—holotype.

FIGURES 227–236. Apterodela spp., aedeagus, right lateral view: 227—A. (s. str.) ovipennis (Japan, Itoigawa, Agero); 228, 229—A. (s. str.) bivirgulata bivirgulata (228—China, Chin Kiang; 229—China, Zhejiang, Dao Shan Island); 230, 231—A. (s. str.) bivitgulata occidentalis ssp. nov.sp. nov. (230—China, Shanxi, Zhong-Tiao-Shan; 231—China, Inner Mongolia, Hua- Shu-Ye); 232—A. (s. str.) lobipennis (China, Ichang); 233—A. (s. str.) kazantsevi (China, Jiangxi, Jinggangshan); 234—A. (s. str.) alopecomma sp. nov. (China, Sichuan, Qingcheng Hou Shan); 235—A. (Protoapterodela) shirakii (China, Taiwan, Alishan); 236—A. (Protoapterodela) unipunctata (USA, TN, Great Smoky Mts N.P., Greenbrier Cove); 233—holotype; 230, 231, 234—paratypes.

FIGURES 237–243. Apterodela spp., internal sack, dorsal view: 237—A. (s. str.) ovipennis (Japan, Itoigawa, Agero); 238—A. (s. str.) bivirgulata bivirgulata (China, Chin Kiang); 239—A. (s. str.) kazantsevi (China, Jiangxi, Jinggangshan); 240—A. (s. str.) lobipennis (China, Hubei, Enshi); 241—A. (s. str.) alopecomma sp. nov. (China, Sichuan, Qingcheng Hou Shan); 242—A. (Protoapterodela) shirakii (China, Taiwan, Alishan); 243—A. (Protoapterodela) unipunctata (USA, TN, Great Smoky Mts N.P., Greenbrier Cove); 239, 241—paratypes. Without scales. The abbreviations of humps and sclerites see in the text.

FIGURES 244–250. Apterodela spp., internal sac, left lateral view: 244—A. (s. str.) ovipennis (Japan, Itoigawa, Agero); 245— A. (s. str.) bivirgulata bivirgulata (China, Chin Kiang); 246—A. (s. str.) kazantsevi (China, Jiangxi, Jinggangshan); 247—A. (s. str.) lobipennis (China, Hubei, Enshi); 248—A. (s. str.) alopecomma sp. nov. (China, Sichuan, Qingcheng Hou Shan); 249—A. (Protoapterodela) shirakii (China, Taiwan, Alishan); 250—A. (Protoapterodela) unipunctata (USA, TN, Great Smoky Mts N.P., Greenbrier Cove); 246, 248—paratypes. Without scales. The abbreviations of humps and sclerites see in the text.

FIGURES 251–257. Apterodela spp., internal sac, right lateral view: 251—A. (s. str.) ovipennis (Japan, Itoigawa, Agero); 252—A. (s. str.) bivirgulata bivirgulata (China, Chin Kiang); 253—A. (s. str.) kazantsevi (China, Jiangxi, Jinggangshan); 254— A. (s. str.) lobipennis (China, Hubei, Enshi); 255—A. (s. str.) alopecomma sp. nov. (China, Sichuan, Qingcheng Hou Shan); 256—A. (Protoapterodela) shirakii (China, Taiwan, Alishan); 257—A. (Protoapterodela) unipunctata (USA, TN, Great Smoky Mts N.P., Greenbrier Cove); 253, 255—paratypes. Without scales. The abbreviations of humps and sclerites see in the text.

FIGURES 258–264. Apterodela spp., internal sack, ventral view: 258—A. (s. str.) ovipennis (Japan, Itoigawa, Agero); 259—A. (s. str.) bivirgulata bivirgulata (China, Chin Kiang); 260—A. (s. str.) kazantsevi (China, Jiangxi, Jinggangshan); 261—A. (s. str.) lobipennis (China, Hubei, Enshi); 262—A. (s. str.) alopecomma sp. nov. (China, Sichuan, Qingcheng Hou Shan); 263—A. (Protoapterodela) shirakii (China, Taiwan, Alishan); 264—A. (Protoapterodela) unipunctata (USA, TN, Great Smoky Mts N.P., Greenbrier Cove); 260, 262—paratypes. Without scales. The abbreviations of humps and sclerites see in the text.