Pupina siamensis Moellendorff , 1902

Jirapatrasilp, Parin, Sutcharit, Chirasak & Panha, Somsak, 2022, Annotated checklist of the operculated land snails from Thailand (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda): the family Pupinidae, with descriptions of several new species and subspecies, and notes on classification of Pupina Vignard, 1829 and Pupinella Gray, 1850 from mainland Southeast Asia, ZooKeys 1119, pp. 1-115 : 1

Pupina siamensis Moellendorff, 1902

Figs 18C , 19B , 25H , 28K, L , 31B, C , 32A

Pupina (Tylotoechus) siamensis Möllendorff, 1902b: 160. Type locality: “Bangkok” [see Remarks]. Zilch 1957: 47, pl. 2, fig. 15. Hemmen and Hemmen 2001: 39.

Pupina siamensis - Fischer and Dautzenberg 1904: 432, Muok-Lek, Siam [Muak Lek District, Saraburi Province, Thailand]. Boonngam et al. 2008: 258, Chonburi Province, Thailand. Chanyapate et al. 2008: 2116, with text fig., Sakaerat Biosphere Reserves, Nakhon Ratchasima Province. Chidchua and Dumrongrojwattana 2010: 164, fig. 2, Klaeng District, Rayong Province and Kaenghangmaew District, Chanthaburi Province. Dumrongrojwattana 2016: 17, 18, fig. 4-4, Kaeng Hin Poeng, Thap Lan National Park, Prachin Buri Province. BEDO 2017: 94. Sutcharit et al. 2018: fig. 5-13j.

Type material examined.

Lectotype SMF 109948 (Figs 28K , 31B ) from “Bangkok”, Thailand.

Other material examined.

CUMZ 12052 (15 shells; Figs 18C , 28L , 31C ) from Sri Thong Cave , Klong Had District, Sra Keo Province, 25 Nov. 2006 . CUMZ 12053 (3 shells) from Liam Cave , Klong Had District, Sra Keo Province, 25 Nov. 2006 . CUMZ 12054 (7 shells and 9 specimens in ethanol) from Khao Pha Pheung Temple , Klong Had District, Sra Keo Province, 21 May 2012 . CUMZ 12055 (12 shells and 1 specimen in ethanol) from Tham Khao Maka Temple , Mueang Sa Kaeo District, Sa Kaeo Province, 2 Nov. 2008 . CUMZ 12056 (9 shells) from Tham Khao Chakan Temple, Khao Chakan District , Sa Kaeo Province, 7 Apr. 2000 . CUMZ 12057 (9 specimens in ethanol) from Tham Khao Chakan Temple, Khao Chakan District , Sa Kaeo Province, 25 July 2018 . CUMZ 12058 (3 specimens in ethanol) from Khao Chakan, Khao Chakan District , Sa Kaeo Province, 22 May 2012 . CUMZ 12059 (1 shell) from Makok Waterfall, Khlung District , Chanthaburi Province, 10 Aug. 2014 . CUMZ 12060 (2 specimens in ethanol) from Phlio Waterfall, Mueang Chanthaburi District , Chanthaburi Province, 20 Oct. 2010 . CUMZ 12061 (3 specimens in ethanol) from Khao Sukim Temple, Tha Mai District , Chanthaburi Province, 9 Aug. 2011 . CUMZ 12062 (2 specimens in ethanol) from Tham Krong Thip Bureau of Monks , Tha Mai District, Chanthaburi Province, 24 July 2018 . CUMZ 12063 (2 specimens in ethanol) from Tham Khao Wong Temple, Kaeng Hang Maeo District , Chanthaburi Province, 4 Aug. 2016 . CUMZ 12064 (8 shells) from Tham Khao Charoensuk Temple, Phanom Sarakham District , Chachoengsao Province, 2 Jan. 2008 . CUMZ 12065 (18 shells and 3 specimens in ethanol) from Tham Khao Cha Ang On Temple , Bo Thong District, Chonburi Province, 17 Aug. 2006 . CUMZ 12066 (5 shells) from Bo Thong District , Chonburi Province, 9 May 2008 . CUMZ 12194 (2 specimens in ethanol) from Khao Ha Yot Temple, Bo Thong District , Chonburi Province, 6 Feb. 2022 . CUMZ 12067 (2 shells and 20 specimens in ethanol; Fig. 19B ) from Phromawat Temple , Si Racha District, Chonburi Province, 19 Sept. 2020 . CUMZ 12068 (10 specimens in ethanol) from Pa Lilaiyawan Temple, Si Racha District , Chonburi Province, 19 Sept. 2020 . CUMZ 12069 (1 shell and 9 specimens in ethanol; Fig. 25H ) from Khao Chi Chan Buddha Image , Sattahip District, Chonburi Province, 19 Sept. 2020 . CUMZ 12070 (1 shell and 8 specimens in ethanol) from Ban Klong Wan Pen , Sattahip District, Chonburi Province, 19 Sept. 2020 . CUMZ 12071 (10 specimens in ethanol; Fig. 32A ) from Tham Khao Loi Temple , Khao Chamao District, Rayong Province, 5 Sept. 2008 . CUMZ 12072 (1 specimen in ethanol) from Khao Hin Tang Bureau of Monks , Klaeng District, Rayong Province, 9 June 2019 .

Diagnosis.

Shell globose; last whorl ca. 80% of shell height. Apertural lip thickened, but not expanded; apertural lip when observed from lateral view almost straight. Columellar tooth fin-shaped.

Differential diagnosis.

Pupina siamensis is most similar to P. mouhoti in having an almost straight apertural lip when observed from lateral view, but differs in having a more globose shell shape and a thicker, more distinct, parietal tooth.

Distribution.

Eastern and northeastern Thailand ( Boonngam et al. 2008; Chanyapate et al. 2008; Chidchua and Dumrongrojwattana 2010; Dumrongrojwattana 2016).

Remarks.

As the original description did not explicitly state that the description of this species was based on a single specimen (nor could this be inferred), the designation of a holotype by Zilch (1957) in fact constitutes a lectotype designation ( ICZN 1999: Art. 74.6).

The type locality of this species in Bangkok, the capital city of Thailand, as designated by von Möllendorff (1902b) is dubious. This species was described based on a collection made by the butterfly collector, H. Fruhstorfer, who made an expedition in Thailand ( Lamas 2005). The type locality “Bangkok” is probably not the location where the type specimen was collected. The probable type locality would be “Muok-Lek” [Muak Lek District, Saraburi Province, Thailand] as indicated in Fischer and Dautzenberg (1904), and several butterfly specimens were also collected from this site by H. Fruhstorfer. This locality is in the same vicinity as recent records and our collecting localities of P. siamensis .

Figures

Figure 18. External shell morphology of three mainland Southeast Asian Pupina species groups A Pupina artata from the Pupina artata species group, CUMZ 12003 from Ban Ping Khong, Chiang Mai B Pupina peguensis from the Pupina arula species group, CUMZ 12094 from Khao Tham Phra Temple, Chiang Rai C Pupina siamensis from the Pupina arula species group, CUMZ 12052 from Sri Thong Cave, Sra Keo, and D Pupina tchehelensis from the Pupina aureola species group, CUMZ 12136 from limestone mountain, Phang Nga. Red frames focus on the parietal tooth and posterior canal; blue frames focus on the curvature of the apertural lip when observed from lateral view.

Figure 19. Opercula of three mainland Southeast Asian Pupina species groups A Pupina bensoni sp. nov. from the Pupina artata species group, specimen CUMZ 12047 B Pupina siamensis from the Pupina arula species group, specimen CUMZ 12067, and C Pupina aureola from the Pupina aureola species group, specimen CUMZ 12116. All not to scale.

Figure 25. Live specimens of A-C Pupina artata: specimens A CUMZ 12020 from Buri Ratchawanaram Temple, Ratchaburi B CUMZ 12022 from Golden Dragon Cave, Ratchaburi, and C CUMZ 12037 from Wua Ta Lap Island, Surat Thani D, E Pupina bensoni sp. nov. D paratype CUMZ 12045 / 2 from Khao Wong Cave, Uthai Thani and E specimen CUMZ 12047 from Tham Namthip Bureau of Monks, Uthai Thani F, G Pupina peguensis: specimens F CUMZ 12050 from Chai Thong Wararam Temple, Nakhon Sawan and G CUMZ 12051 from Tham Saeng Wiset Bureau of Monks, Nakhon Sawan H Pupina siamensis, specimen CUMZ 12069 from Khao Chi Chan Buddha Image, Chonburi. All not to scale.

Figure 28. Shells of Pupina arula species group from mainland Southeast Asia A-G Pupina peguensis A syntype of Pupina blanfordi NHMUK 1888.12.4.100 and specimens B CUMZ 12105 C CUMZ 12050 D CUMZ 12103 E NHMUK ex. Cuming coll. F CUMZ 12094, and G CUMZ 12108 H-J Pupina crosseana H lectotype MNHN-IM- 2000 - 35834 I paralectotype RBINS MT 966 / 10591, and J specimen CUMZ 12049 K, L Pupina siamensis K lectotype SMF 109948 and L specimen CUMZ 12052 M-P Pupina bilabiata sp. nov. M holotype CUMZ 12073 / 1 and specimens N CUMZ 12079 O CUMZ 12081, and P CUMZ 12086 Q, R Pupina godwinausteni sp. nov. Q holotype CUMZ 12090 / 1 and R paratype CUMZ 12090 / 2. Photo: P. Maestrati, MNHN (H), F. Trus, RBINS (I).

Figure 31. A Pupina crosseana, specimen CUMZ 12049 from Khao Jedee Temple, Nakhon Sawan B, C Pupina siamensis: B lectotype SMF 109948 and C specimen CUMZ 12052 from Sri Thong Cave, Sra Keo D-F Pupina bilabiata sp. nov. D holotype CUMZ 12073 / 1, and specimens E CUMZ 12079 from Tham Pha Ya Temple, Loei and F CUMZ 12081 from Pha Jor Cave, Nong Bua Lam Phu.

Figure 32. Live specimens of A Pupina siamensis, specimen CUMZ 12071 from Tham Khao Loi Temple, Rayong B-D Pupina bilabiata sp. nov. B paratype CUMZ 12073 / 2 from Banpot Pisai Temple, Chumphon and specimens C CUMZ 12082 from Pha Jor Cave, Nong Bua Lam Phu and D CUMZ 12087 from Ban Yai, Surat Thani E, F Pupina godwinausteni sp. nov.: paratypes E CUMZ 12090 / 26 and F CUMZ 12091 from Khao Wong Cave, Uthai Thani G, H Pupina aureola: specimens G CUMZ 12117 from Lod Cave, Nakhon Sri Thammarat and H CUMZ 12121 from Tham Thong Panara Temple, Nakhon Sri Thammarat, showing its microhabitat in rotten log. All not to scale.