Aquattuor sp., in Enghoff & Frederiksen, 2015

Enghoff, Henrik, 2020, A mountain of millipedes VIII. The genus Aquattuor Frederiksen, 2013 revisited - a new species from the Udzungwa Mts, Tanzania, another from the Nguru Mts, and introduction of the first pair of male legs as a source of taxonomic characters (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae), European Journal of Taxonomy 626, pp. 1-32 : 28-29

Aquattuor sp.

Material studied

TANZANIA • Several ♀♀ /juveniles; Morogoro, Sokoine University Campus , NORAD guest house; 28 Mar. 1989; Zicsi leg.; HMNH .

Remarks

These specimens represent a range extension of the genus Aquattuor , but a closer identification is not possible.

Key to the species of Aquattuor (males)

1. Palette (pa) of gonopods elongate, considerably to much longer than broad ( Figs 11–12 ; Enghoff & Frederiksen 2015: figs 6–7); first pair of legs with a distal prefemoral lobe ( Figs 5 , 6 A–C); 48+ podous rings, diameter> 1.7 mm ..................................................................................................... 2

– Palette as long as broad or slightly longer; first pair of legs without a distal prefemoral lobe (as in Fig. 3 ); diameter <1.9 mm ............................................................................................................... 4

2. Palette (pa) not clearly delimited by lateral (li) and mesal (mi) incisions ( Fig. 12A ); tarsal setae of first pair of legs much shorter than tarsal setae of normal walking legs ( Fig. 8C ) ............................. .................................................................................................... A. mollilobus sp. nov. (Udzungwa)

– Palette delimited by lateral and mesal incisions (e.g., Fig. 11A ); tarsal setae of first pair of legs ca of same length as tarsal setae of normal walking legs ( Fig. 8B ) .......................................................... 3

3. 53–54 podous rings, diameter> 1.9 mm; anterior margin of telomere with a triangular tooth ( Enghoff & Frederiksen 2015: fig. 6A, tt) ............................... A. major Enghoff, 2015 (Udzungwa)

– 50–52 podous rings; anterior margin of telomere without a triangular tooth ..................................... ............................................................................................ A. longipala Enghoff, 2015 (Udzungwa)

4. Subdistal part of telomere almost straight, parallel to coxa; telomere tip bent abruptly laterad ( Enghoff & Frederiksen 2015: fig. 11); 50–52 podous rings, diameter 1.6–1.8 mm .......................... ............................................................................... A. denticulatus Frederiksen, 2013 (E Usambara)

– Telomere describing a more complex curve ..................................................................................... 5

5. Gonopod coxa without lateral and mesal incisions; telomere tip flattened, smooth ( Figs 14–15 ) ..... ........................................................................................................... A. nguruensis sp. nov. (Nguru)

– Gonopod coxa with lateral (li) and mesal (mi) incisions; telomere tip microspiculate or with serrated margins .............................................................................................................................................. 6

6. Telomere describing a ca 360° curve, curving in three dimensions; telomere tip with coarsely laciniate margins, but surface not microspiculate ( Enghoff & Frederiksen 2015: fig. 9) ................... ......................................................................................... A. stereosathe Enghoff, 2015 (Udzungwa)

– Telomere describing a ca 270° curve, curving almost in one plane only; telomere tip more or less microspiculate ................................................................................................................................... 7

7. Telopodites of first pair of legs only represented by prefemur; basal telomeral lamella (btl) forming a subspherical chamber with a spinose, lid-like flap ( Fig. 17 ) ........................................................... ..................................................................................... A. udzungwensis Enghoff, 2015 (Udzungwa)

– Telopodites of first pair of legs fully developed; basal telomeral lamella without a spinose, lid-like flap .................................................................................................................................................... 8

8. <49 podous rings; meso-basal lobe of gonopod palette indistinct ( Enghoff & Frederiksen 2015: fig. 5)................................................................................... A. submajor Enghoff, 2015 (Udzungwa)

–> 48 podous rings; meso-basal lobe (mbl) of gonopod palette well-developed ( Enghoff & Frederiksen 2015: fig. 10; Enghoff 2016: fig. 7) .................................................................................................. 9

9. Diameter> 1.5 mm. Prefemoral processes of first pair of legs subtriangular ( Fig. 3 A–C) ................ .......................................................... A. fasciatus ( Attems, 1896) ( Zanzibar, Rubeho Mts, Mt Vula)

– Diameter <1.7 mm. Prefemoral processes of first pair of legs finger-shaped ( Fig. 3 D–I) ................ ..................................... A. claudiahempae Enghoff & Frederiksen, 2015 (Udzungwa, Kilimanjaro)

Figures

Fig. 11. Aquattuor longipala Enghoff, 2015, male, specimen from Udzungwa Mts National Park, Mito Mitatu (NHMD 621642), left gonopod. A–C. Coxa. A. Anterior view. B. Mesal view. C. Posterior view. D–H. Telopodite. D. Tip of telomere. E. Posterior view. F. Anterior view. G. Posterior-ventral view. H. Distal (ventral) view. Abbreviations: li = lateral incision; mi = mesal incision; mpl = mesal-posterior telomeral lamella; pa = palette; slm = solenomere; tm = telomere. Scale bars: A–C, E–H = 0.1 mm; D = 0.05 mm.

Fig. 12. Aquattuor mollilobus sp. nov., paratype, ♂ (NHMD 621648). A–D. Left gonopod coxa. A. Anterior view. B. Anterior-mesal view. C. Mesal view. D. Posterior-lateral view. E. Midbody dorsal limbus. Abbreviations: li = lateral incision; mi = mesal incision; pa = palette; pp = proplica. Scale bars: A–D = 0.1 mm; E = 0.02 mm.

Fig. 5. Aquattuor spp., first pair of male legs. A–C. A. major Enghoff, 2015, paratype, ♂ (NHMD 621644), first pair of legs in situ. D–F. A. longipala Enghoff, 2015, male from Udzungwa Mts National Park, Mito Mitatu (NHMD 621642). A, D. Anterior view. B, E. Sublateral view. C, F. Sub-ventral view. Abbreviations: dpl = distal prefemoral lobe; pfp = prefemoral process. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 6. Aquattuor spp., first pair of male legs. A–C. A. mollilobus sp. nov., paratype, ♂ (NHMD 621647). D–F. A. stereosathe Enghoff, 2015, paratype, ♂ (NHMD 621650). A, D. Anterior view. B, E. (Sub)- lateral view. C, F. (Sub)-ventral view. Abbreviations: dpl = distal prefemoral lobe; pfp = prefemoral process. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 3. Aquattuor spp., first pair of male legs. A–C. A. fasciatus (Attems, 1896), non-type male from Zanzibar (NHMD 621641). D–F. A. claudiahempae Enghoff & Frederiksen, 2015, paratype from Kilimanjaro (NHMD 621638). G–I. A. claudiahempae, specimen from Udzungwa Mts (NHMD 621639). A, D, G. Anterior view. B, E, H. Sublateral view. C, F, I. Ventral view. Abbreviation: pfp = prefemoral process. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 8. Aquattuor spp., males, left leg of first pair. A. A. stereosathe Enghoff, 2015, paratype, ♂ (NHMD 621650): setae same length as in normal walking legs. B. A. longipala Enghoff, 2015, specimen from Udzungwa Mts National Park, Mito Mitatu (NHMD 621642): setae of femur shortened. C. A. mollilobus sp. nov., paratype, ♂ (NHMD 621646): all setae shortened. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 14. Aquattuor nguruensis sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (VMNH110617). A–E. Left gonopod coxa. A. Anterior view. B. Mesal view. C. Meso-posterior view. D. Posterior view. E. Apical view. F. Midbody dorsal limbus. Abbreviations: pa = palette; pp = proplica. Scale bars: A–D = 0.1 mm; E = 0.05 mm; F = 0.01 mm.

Fig. 15. Aquattuor nguruensis sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (VMNH110617), left gonopod telopodite. A. Anterior view. B. Posterior view. C. Distal (ventral) view. D. Basal (dorsal) view. E. Mesal view. F. Tip of telomere (damaged). Abbreviations: slm = solenomere; tm = telomere. Scale bars: A–E = 0.1 mm; F = 0.05 mm.

Fig. 17. Aquattuor udzungwensis Enghoff, 2015, male from Udzungwa Mts National Park, Kidatu (NHMD 621659), left gonopod telopodite. A. (Meso-)posterior view. B. Basal telomeral lamella, distal (ventral) view. C. Telomere, sublateral view. Abbreviations: btl = basal telomeral lamella; mpl = mesoposterior telomeral lamella, the arrow points to the diagnostic angle; slm = solenomere; spl = spinose lid-like flap; tm = telomere. Scale bars = 0.05 mm.