Balanocrininae Roux, 1981

Roux, Nadia Améziane Marc Eléaume Michel, 2024, Classification of Isocrinida (Echinodermata: Crinoidea) with the description of a new extant genus and species from the western Pacific, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 200 (4), pp. 994-1012 : 1010

Subfamily Balanocrininae Roux, 1981

Usually stalk symplexies of balanocrinine type, cirri oriented upwards or moderately downwards, usually embayed synarthry at IBr1 + 2 and IIBr1 + 2, often deep symmorphies in arms. Included genera: see Figure 12 . Middle Triassic–Recent.

Figures

Figure 12. Constraints to phylogenetic reconstruction and classification of stalked Isocrinida using molecular phylogeny, morphological characters and data from the fossil record. *Complete or at least proximal portion of crown known from the fossil record. The genus Isocrinus is here used ‘sensu lato’(Isocrinus + Chladocrinus) as is Metacrinus (Metacrinus + Saracrinus); Cenocrinus is not mentioned because of its uncertain attribution to any of the subfamilies of Balanocrinidae.The Early Cretaceous genus Frasericrinus Ausich et al. 2015 is included within Balanocrinus ‘sensu lato’. For the hypothetical attribution to Proisocrinidae of Angulocrinus and Millericrinus, reference is made to the text.Data derive from Hess (Hess 2011a, b), Améziane et al. (2021), and Roux and Philippe (2021). Colours used to differentiate Periods and Epochs are from the RGB Color Code according to the Commission for the Geological Map of the World (Gradstein et al.2012).