Stolonis tapiai Will

Will, Kipling W., 2005, The Neotropical genera Oxycrepis Reiche and Stolonis Motschulsky: a taxonomic review, key to the described species and description of new Stolonis species from Ecuador (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Loxandrini), Zootaxa 1049, pp. 1-17 : 6-8

Stolonis tapiai Will , new species

( Figs. 1 , 2 A, 3A–D, 4A)

Type Material. HOLOTYPE: ɗ ( EMEC). Labeled: " 00°40'36"S 76°24'02"W, ECUADOR, Napo Prov., Yasuni Scientific Station, 22:IV:1998, Col.K.Will"/"U.C. Berkeley EMEC 1003610" /[red label] " Holotype, Stolonis tapiai, K.Will ". ALLOTYPE: Ψ ( EMEC). Labeled: " 00°40'36"S 76°24'02"W, ECUADOR, Napo Prov., Yasuni Scientific Station vic[inity]., 19:IV: 1998,210m Col.K.Will,Headlamp"/"U.C. Berkeley EMEC 1003607"/[red label] "Allotype, Stolonis tapiai, K.Will ". PARATYPES: Ecuador: Orellana Prov.: Yasuni Scientific Station: 3ɗɗ ( EMEC), 22.iv.1998, headlamp, EMEC 1003612, EMEC 1003613, EMEC 1003619; 1Ψ ( EMEC), 00°37 ’03"S 76°28'00"W, 20.iv.1998, EMEC 1003617. 00°40'36"S 76°24'02: 2ɗɗ ( EMEC), 22.iv.1998, EMEC 1003620, EMEC 1003621; 2ɗɗ ( EMEC), 22.iv.1998, treading in palm swamp, EMEC 1003608, EMEC 1003609; 1ɗ ( EMEC), 19.iv. 1998. 210m, headlamp, EMEC 1003614; 1ɗ ( EMEC), 20.iv. 1998, 210m, headlamp/treading, EMEC 1003606; 210m, headlamp, 6ɗɗ and 7 ΨΨ 19.iv.1998. EMEC 1003633, EMEC 1003602 ( QCAZ), EMEC 1003632 ( USNM), EMEC 1003615, EMEC 1003630 ( CUIC), EMEC 1003616, EMEC 1003625, EMEC 1003626 EMEC 1003627, EMEC 1003636, EMEC 1003624, EMEC 1003628, EMEC 1003629, EMEC 1003634 ( EMEC). 7ɗɗ and 3ΨΨ 22.iv.1998. EMEC 1003600 ( USNM), EMEC 1003603, EMEC 1003604, EMEC 1003605, EMEC 1003611, EMEC 1003618, EMEC 1003622, EMEC 1003623, EMEC 1003637 ( EMEC); 2 disarticulated ɗɗ 19.iv.1998. Headlamp, fallen Ficus fruits nr water, EMEC 1004674 ( DNA sequence data voucher, EMEC) and EMEC 1004675 ( EMEC).

Etymology: Noun in the genitive case, in honor of Italo Tapia, who assisted me during my field­work in Ecuador including my time collecting the type series of this beetle.

Diagnosis. Differs from all other species of Stolonis by the location of the hind setae of the pronotum at base of the pronotum, set in the acutely pointed, prominent hind angles ( Fig. 2 A).

Description. Length 8.5mm (8.0– 9.1mm). Dorsal surface deep black, shiny, lightly iridescent; antennomeres 1–2 brunneous, 3 brunneous at base and black at apex, 4–6 and 11 black, 7–10 white; mouth parts brunneous and legs flavotestaceous with coxae, trochanters and ventral region of femora brunneous to black.

Form of head average build; eyes moderately prominent; frontal impressions well marked, rectangular or crescent form, short, nearly punctiform, length less than half distance from base of clypeus to anterior supraorbital setae; frons between eyes shiny, lightly iridescent near base, microlines scarcely evident even at magnification> 35x.

Pronotum ( Fig. 2 A) clearly broader than long; narrowly constricted at base; anterior submarginal sulcus deep and complete; basal impressions elongate,>1/3 length of pronotum; lateral margins broadly rounded and widely explanate, narrowly constricted onto base; hind angles very prominent, acute and at base of narrowly constricted region of pronotum; smooth or shallowly punctate over base, in basal impressions and basal 1/3–1/2 of lateral margin. Elytra, elongate oval, length 5.2mm, overall width 3.5mm; slightly convex, rounded and notably sinuate near apex; humeri sloped and rounded; striae densely, shallowly punctate, less evident apically; intervals, broad, slightly convex, shallowly crenulate, more broadly crenulate near base and laterally. Legs, moderately slender; meso­ and metatarsi with prominent external sulcus; fifth tarsomeres ventrally glabrous. Ventral surface shiny, clearly iridescent; mesosternum with 8–10 deep, broad punctures; metasternum laterally with 6–8 deep broad punctures.

Base of abdominal sternum II with row of dense, deeply impressed punctures; metepisternum with medial sulcus very deeply impressed, slightly longer than wide (l/w= 1.4); base of sterna IV–VII with dull band of coarse irregular microsculpture; sterna IV–VI with one pair paramedial setae; in male one pair paramedial setae on VII, female with two pairs. Aedeagus ( Figs. 3 A–D) with spines of endophallus in repose a cluster to left side near apex and a single spine to the left side near midpoint of blade. Female reproductive tract ( Fig. 4 A) with large right­side dorsolateral bursal pouch with a region of 1–12 irregular sclerotized plates (bs) ventro­apically on inner surface, smaller expanded region closely subtending a more narrowed region on which the broadly connected, stout spermatheca (sp) and common oviduct (co) connect; gland (sg) connected by short duct to base of spermatheca; laterotergites IX (lt) with scattered setae; gonocoxite­1 (gx1) with 6– 7 apical setae; gonocoxite 2 (gx2) with 3 lateral ensiform setae, 2 apical nematiform setae. Pygidial gland reservoir form simple with no additional lobes, chemical compounds produced: formic and acetic acids, 2­pentadecanone and C10:0, C11:0 hydrocarbons (published as species number EC199801 O in Will et al. 2000).

Natural history and collecting information. Individuals active at night in very wet areas of primary tropical forest. Taken treading vegetation in muddy areas and near fallen Ficus and palm. Active and abundant on days with very heavy rains. Three larval instars and pupae were reared for this species in the laboratory. Eggs are relatively large and placed apparently randomly in the soil. Larvae were highly active. Six pigmented stemmata are present in the larvae.

Additional Material. Specimens examined but not included in type series: 2ɗɗ and 2ΨΨ. EMEC 1003601, EMEC 1003635, EMEC 1003638, EMEC 1003631.The two males were reared in the lab in Ithaca, NY from the adults collected Ecuador: Orellana Prov., Yasuni Scientific Station 19.iv.1998. These specimens are not included in the type series as the males were lab­reared and not naturally occurring and the two females used for egg production were in extremely poor condition.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Dorsal habitus image of Stolonis tapiai, male paratype, EMEC 1003614.

FIGURE 2. Pronota of: A— Stolonis tapiai, B— Stolonis scortensis, C— Stolonis spinosus, D— Stolonis yasuni, E— Stolonis catenarius.

FIGURE 3. Aedeagus dorsal, left lateral, right lateral and ventral views of: A – D— Stolonis tapiai, E – H— Stolonis scortensis, I – L— Stolonis spinosus, M – P— Stolonis yasuni, Q – T— Stolonis catenarius.

FIGURE 4. Female reproductive tract, ventral views of: A— Stolonis tapiai, B— Stolonis yasuni. bc, bursa copulatrix. bs, bursal sclerites. co, common oviduct. gx 1, gonocoxite­ 1. gx 2, gonocoxite­ 2. lt, laterotergite IX. sg, spermathecal gland. sp, spermatheca.