Neparholaspis dubatolovi, Marchenko, Irina I., 2016

Marchenko, Irina I., 2016, A new species of Neparholaspis (Acari: Parholaspididae) from Russia, with additional information on Neparholaspis evansi Krantz, 1960, Zootaxa 4154 (4), pp. 453-465 : 454-459

Neparholaspis dubatolovi sp. nov.

Diagnosis (female). Dorsal shield entire, with 30 pairs of acicular, long, curved setae, except two pairs of short setae j1 and z1; with 21 pairs of small poroids; with punctiform reticulation; with strip of soft integument from setae r2 along the shield; narrowing in the region of location of setae r6. A pair of free presternal shields present. Sternal shield ornamented by punctiform curved lines. Metasternal shields free, small, rounded, each with lyrifissure and acicular seta. Genital shield with punctiform reticulation and pair of longitudinal lines mediad of setae St5; with distinct corners at the level of setae St5. Genital lyrifissures iv5 located on the anterior margin of ventri-anal shield. Ventri-anal shield broadened anteriorly, subtriangular; with punctiform reticulation, fused with peritrematal shields anteriorly of stigmata, at level of posterior part of edge III. Anterior margin of ventrianal shield with a notch embracing posterior margin of genital shield. Ventrianal shield with four pairs of acicular pre-anal setae (Jv1–Jv3, Zv1), lyrifissures iv5 and glands gv3. Ventral soft integument with five pairs of opisthogastric setae (Jv4, Jv5, Zv2–Zv4) and three pairs of poroids. Metapodal shields elongate, located close to lateral margins of ventri-anal shields at level of setae Zv1 or fused with shield. Peritrematal shields broadened at level of coxae III; fused anteriorly with dorsal shield, medially with exopodals, except for a slit between coxae I and II, with sternal, endopodal III and IV shields and with ventri-anal shield at level of posterior parts of coxae III; carrying five pairs of normal small poroids (ip1–ip3, gp1, gp2) and one pair of enlarged poroid-like structures, located anteriolaterad to stigmata, at level of coxae III. Peritreme extending anteriorly and dorsally to the insertion of setae j2 or lyrifissures idj1. Exopodal shields IV fused with peritrematal shields, carrying glands gv2 with two openings. Femur IV with five setae, anterolateral swelling and small rounded posterolateral protuberance. All legs with claws, pretarsus consisting of ambulacral stalk, a pair of sclerotised claws and rounded pulvillus; legs I with claws smaller than other.

Description. Female ( Figs 1–14, 8 specimens measured)

Dorsal idiosoma ( Fig. 1 ). Dorsal shield entire, suboval, 860–910 long, 505–540 wide at widest point at level of coxae IV; slightly narrowed near setae r6, R1; with narrow rim along the shield from setae r2; with punctiform reticulate pattern throughout, more distinct in opisthonotal region; shield surrounded by strip of soft integument from setae r2 around the shield. Measurements of dorsal idiosoma including soft strip: 865–920 long and 560–625 wide. Dorsal shield with 30 pairs of long, acicular, curved setae (113–130), except two pairs of short setae j1 (50– 55) and z1 (20–25). Podonotal region with 18 pairs of setae and 10 poroids; opisthonotal region with 12 pairs of setae and 11 pairs of poroids. Marginal soft integument with 11 pairs of long acicular, curved setae: r6, R1–R7 and UR5–UR6 (105-130).

Ventral idiosoma. ( Figs 2–14 ). Base of tritosternum 50–55 long and 25–28 wide, pilose laciniae 150–160 long ( Fig. 2 ), flanked by a pair of elongate sclerotised presternal plates. Sternal shield fused with endopodal shields I and II and peritrematal shields. Sternal shield 155–170 long at mid-line and 160–170 wide at narrowest point between coxae II; extending posteriorly to the middle of coxae III; anterior margin slightly to moderately concave, posterior margin more strongly; ornamented with punctiform curved lines; carrying three pair of acicular setae St1– St3 (50–58), and two pairs of slit-like lyrifissures iv1, iv2 ( Figs 3 , 13 ). Metasternal shields free, small, rounded, each with acicular St4 seta (58–65) and lyrifissure iv4. Genital shield 180–200 long and 160–170 wide at level of St5 setae, with punctiform reticulation and pair of longitudinal lines mediad of St5 setae; truncate posteriorly; with distinct corners at level of St5 setae, genital setae St5 acicular (75–80) ( Fig. 3 ). Genital lyrifissures iv5 located on the anterior margin of ventri-anal shield. Ventri-anal shield broadened anteriorly, subtriangular, 270–310 long and 470–500 wide at level of Jv1 setae; with punctiform reticulation, fused with peritrematal shields anteriorly of stigmata, at level of posterior margin of coxae III. Anterior margin of ventri-anal shield with a notch embracing posterior margin of the genital shield. Shield with four pairs of acicular pre-anal setae (Jv1–Jv3, Zv1), three circumanal setae, lyrifissures iv5 and glands gv3. Para-anal setae slightly longer than post-anal seta; bases of para-anal setae located at level of anterior margin of anal opening. Ventral soft integument with five pairs of opisthogastric setae (Jv4, Jv5, Zv2–Zv4) and three pairs of circular lyrifissures. Length of opisthogastric setae: Jv1 (80–85), Jv2 (85–93), Jv3 (85–100), Jv4 (100–110), Jv5 (110–118), Zv1 (85–92), Zv2 (75–85), Zv3 (100–115), Zv4 (95110), para-anal (50–53), post-anal (40–50). Metapodal shields elongate, located close to lateral margins of ventri-anal shields at level of setae Zv1 or fused with shield. Peritrematal shields broadened at level of coxae III ( Figs 4 , 14 ); fused anteriorly with dorsal shield, medially with exopodals, except for a slit between coxae I and II, with sternal, endopodal shields III and IV and with ventri-anal shield at level of posterior level of coxae III; carrying five pairs of normal small poroids: pores ip1–ip3, glandes gp1, gp2 and one pair of enlarged poroid-like structure, diameter 33–37 ( Fig. 14 , arrow), located anteriolaterad to stigmata, at level of coxae III. Peritreme extending anteriorly and dorsally the insertion of setae j2 or lyrifissures idj1; from ventral view extended to level of coxae I. Exopodal shields IV fused with peritrematal shields, carrying glands gv2 with two openings.

Spermathecal structures not evident.

Gnathosoma. Fixed digit of chelicera 80–82 long, with six teeth in addition to bidentate apical hook and setiform pilus dentilis ( Fig. 5 ); movable digit 80–82 long, with three teeth in addition to bidentate apical hook; with a diagonal flange on outer surface of digit and basal transverse relief line. Chelicera with wedge-shaped dorsal seta, lateral (antiaxial) and dorsal (paraxial) lyrifissures; with crown-like and oblong (ventral pilose seta) setal brushes. Epistome subtriangular, with irregularly finely serrated edges, and median serrated projection ( Fig. 6 ). Corniculi 125–130 long and 22–25 wide at widest point of base; 1.5 times longer than movable digit of chelicera. Internal malae pilose on outer margin, slightly shorter than corniculi ( Fig. 7 ). Deutosternal groove with six denticulate rows, each bearing 7–20 denticles, and smooth basal row; seta h1 (88–90) longest, h2 (40–45), h3 (45–50), pc (38– 40). Palp genu with setae al1 and al2 spine-like, palp apotele 3-tined, medial tine conspicuous distally spatulate ( Fig. 8 ).

Legs. Lengths: I 730–750, II 560–580, III 480–520, IV 720–760 µm. Chaetotaxy of legs I–IV: coxae—2 (0 0/ 2 0), 2 (0 0/2 0), 2 (0 0/2 0), 1 (0 0/1 0); trochanters—5 (1 1/2 1), 5 (1 0/3 1), 5 (1 0/3 1), 5 (1 0/3 1); femora—13 (2 5/4 2), 11 (2 5/2 2), 6 (1 3/1 1), 5 (1 3/1 0); genua—11 (2 4/3 2), 11 (2 5/2 2), 8 (2 4/1 1), 8 (2 4/1 1); tibiae—12 (2 5/3 2), 10 (2 4/2 2), 8 (1 4/2 1), 8 (1 4/2 1); tarsi II–IV: 18, 18, 18. Tarsus II with one spur-like seta al1 ( Fig. 9 ), all other legs setae smooth, acicular. Femur IV carrying five setae, with anterolateral swelling and posterolateral small rounded protuberance ( Fig. 10 ). All legs with claws, pretarsus consisting of ambulacral stalk, a pair of sclerotised claws and rounded pulvillus with five lobes; legs I with claws smaller than other ( Fig. 11 ).

Male. ( Figs 17–21 , 6 specimen measured)

Dorsal idiosoma. Dorsal shield 720–780 long, 480–500 wide, oval shape; with narrow rim along the shield from setae r2, surrounded by narrow strip of soft integument from setae r2 along the shield as in female. Measurements of dorsal idiosoma with strip of soft integument 740–800 long and 500–540 wide. Ornamentation and chaetotaxy similar to that of female.

Ventral idiosoma ( Fig. 17 ). Base of tritosternum 40–42 long and 25–26 wide; laciniae pilose, 145–150 long. Holoventral shield 570–620 long, 150–160 wide in sternal region between coxae II, and 400–430 wide at the widest point at level of coxae IV; ornamented with punctiform curved lines in sternogenital region and with punctiform reticulation in ventri-anal region. Sternogenital region bearing five pairs of smooth acicular setae St1– St5 (45–60), four pairs of lyrifissures (iv1–iv3, iv5) and pair of glands gv2 behind coxae IV. Ventri-anal region of holoventral shield with four pairs of pre-anal setae Jv1–Jv3, Zv1 (75–90), pair of para-anal setae (48–50) and postanal seta (37–40), three pairs of circular lyrifissures and a pair of glands gv3. Peritrematal region of holoventral shield with five pairs of poroids (ip1–ip3, gp1, gp2). Soft integument around holoventral shield with four pairs of opisthogastric setae Jv4, Jv5 (92–100) and Zv3, Zv4 (75–88), three pairs of dorso-marginal setae UR5–UR6, R7 and two pairs of circular lyrifissures.

Gnathosoma. Fixed digit of chelicera 75–76 long, with six teeth in addition to apical tooth and setiform pilus dentilis, with massive overhang from the mid-lengths of digit, movable digit 77–78 long, unidentate in addition to apical tooth, with complex spermatodactyl structure, dorsal process 58 long (projecting part), ventral setiform process 43 long, setal crown-like brush at base of digit ( Fig. 18 ). Cheliceral wedge-shaped dorsal seta, lateral (antiaxial) and dorsal (paraxial) lyrifissures as in female. Corniculi 117–119 long and 23–25 wide; longer than chelicerae. Epistome as in female. Hypostomal structure and setae as in female.

Legs. Lengths: I 750–780, II 620650, III 480510, IV 710–750. Chaetotaxy of legs I–IV: coxae—2 (0 0/2 0), 2 (0 0/2 0), 2 (0 0/2 0), 1 (0 0/1 0); trochanter s– 5 (1 1/2 1), 5 (1 0/3 1), 5 (1 0/3 1), 5 (1 0/3 1); femora—13 (2 5/4 2), 12 (2 5/3 2), 6 (1 3/1 1), 6 (1 3/1 1); genua—12 (2 5/3 2), 10 (2 4/2 2), 8 (2 3/2 1), 8 (2 4/1 1); tibiae—12 (2 5/3 2), 10 (2 3/3 2), 8 (2 3/2 1), 8 (2 3/2 1); tarsi II–IV: 18, 18, 18. Leg II with one ventral large, bifurcate spur-like projection on femur ( Fig. 19 ), for one small rounded spur-like seta on genu and tibia and one small oblong spur-like seta on tarsus ( Fig. 20 ). Femur IV with six setae, with anterolateral swelling and small rounded posterolateral protuberance ( Fig. 21 ). All legs with pretarsus, ambulacral stalk, a pair sclerotised claws and rounded pulvillus with five lobes; legs I with claws smaller than other.

Material examined. Holotype female, Russia, Far East , North-East of Sikhote-Alin Ridge , Botchinskii Nature Reserve , valley of Solonchakovaya and Mohovaya creeks (48 °18’N, 139°34’E, 200 m a.s.l.), Larix sp. forest, in litter, 17 September 2015, coll. V.V. Dubatolov . Paratypes. 4 females and 4 males, same data as in holotype ; 3 females, 1 male, same geographical region (48°19’N, 139°37’E, 200 m a.s.l.), coniferous forest with Abies sp. and Picea sp. on hillside, in litter, 16 July and 18 September 2015, coll. V.V. Dubatolov; 1 male, same geographical region (48°19’N, 139°37’E, 450 m a.s.l.), coniferous forest with Abies sp. and Picea sp. on rocks, in moss, 17 September 2015, coll. V.V. Dubatolov.

Holotype and paratypes (4 females and 4 males) are deposited in Zoological Museum of ISEA, Novosibirsk, Russia ; some paratypes (3 females, 2 males) are kept in arthropod collection of Manchester Museum, United Kingdom .

Etymology. The species is dedicated to my colleague, Russian expert on butterflies, Dr. Vladimir V. Dubatolov (ISEA, Novosibirsk) for his dedication to science and helping in my research. Dr. Vladimir V. Dubatolov collected soil and litter samples, extracted microarthropods in the field conditions in Far East of Russia at my request for many years.

Remarks. Neparholaspis dubatolovi is similar to two Asian species with one pair of conspicuous poroids on the peritrematal shields: N. serratichela Ishikawa, 1979 and N. longiligulatus Tseng, 1993 . The poroids of both these species are located posterior to the stigmata and correspond to glands gp 2. Also the new species is similar to the North American species N. evansi Krantz, 1960 , with two conspicuous glands: one located anteriolaterad to the stigmata, between coxae II–III, the other posterior to the stigmata and corresponding to glands gp1 and gp2. Enlarged poroid-like structures of N. dubatolovi are located anteriolaterad to the stigmata, at the level of coxae III, and does not have an analogue in known species of genus Neparholaspis . Other characters of these species are also different.

The form of the ventri-anal shield of N. dubatolovi is similar to that of three Gamasholaspis species from China: G. imiteothenomydis Ma, 2004 , G. aliventroanalis Ma & Lin, 2011 , and G. subaliventrofnalis Ma & Lin, 2014 . The ventri-anal shields of these species are broadened anteriorly, subtriangular in shape; the anterior margin of the ventri-anal shield has a notch that encloses the posterior margin of the genital shield. The ventri-anal shield of N. dubatolovi is fused with the peritrematal shields, as normal for the genus Neparholaspis feature. Species of genus Gamasholaspis have separate ventri-anal shields.

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 4. Neparholaspis dubatolovi sp. nov., female. 1. Dorsal idiosoma; 2. Tritosternum; 3. Ventral idiosoma. 4. Lateral idiosoma with poroids labelled.

FIGURES 5 – 11. Neparholaspis dubatolovi sp. nov., female. 5. Chelicera; 6. Epistome; 7. Hypostome; 8. Palp apotele; 9. Tarsus II; 10. Femur IV; 11. Tarsus I.

FIGURES 12 – 16. 12. Neparholaspis dubatolovi sp. nov., female, ventral idiosoma; 13. Neparholaspis dubatolovi sp. nov., female, sternal and genital shields; 14. Neparholaspis dubatolovi sp. nov., female, posterior peritrematal shield, poroid-like structure arrowed; 15 Neparholaspis evansi, female, ventral idiosoma; 16. Neparholaspis evansi, female, part of ventral idiosoma with poroids. Not to scale.

FIGURES 17 – 21. Neparholaspis dubatolovi sp. nov., male. 17. Ventral idiosoma; 18. Chelicera; 19. Spur-like projection on femur II; 20. Leg II; 21. Femur IV.