Ypsolopha Latreille, [1796]

Jin, Qing, Wang, Shuxia & Li, Houhun, 2013, Review of the genus Ypsolopha Latreille, 1796 from China (Lepidoptera: Ypsolophidae), Zootaxa 3705 (1), pp. 1-91 : 6-8

Ypsolopha Latreille, [1796]

Ypsolopha Latreille, [1796] : 145 (non binom.); Kyrki, 1990: 37; Dugdale et al., 1999: 124. Type-species: Phalaena sylvella Linnaeus, 1767 , subsequent designation by Desmarest, 1857 [= Ypsolophus Fabricius, 1798 ].

Hypsolophus Illiger, 1801: 155 (amended spelling for Ypsolophus ); Cuvier 1839: 569; Spuler, 1910: 354; Hampson, 1918: 387. Sattler, 1973: 212. Type-species: Phalaena (Tinea) sylvella Linnaeus, 1767 .

Cerostoma Latreille, 1802: 416 ; Stephens, 1834: 341; Stainton, 1854: 69; Heinemann, 1870: 119; Snellen, 1882: 544; Meyrick, 1895: 697; Meyrick, 1914: 52; Meyrick, 1928: 797; Forbes, 1923: 348; Escherich, 1931: 177; Hering, 1932: 39; Gozmány, 1956: 8; Werner, 1958: 66; Popescu-Gorj, 1963: 217. Type-species: Ypsolophus dorsatus Fabricius, 1798 [= Phalaena Tinea vittella Linnaeus, 1758 ].

Ypsolophus Fabricius, 1798: 421 , 505; Stephens, 1829: 222; Haworth, 1828: 538; Fletcher, 1929: 238; Pierce & Metcalfe, 1935: 84; Lhomme, 1946: 230. Type-species: Ypsolophus vittatus Fabricius, 1798 [= Phalaena Tinea vittella Linnaeus, 1758 ].

Ypsilophus Oken, 1815: 651 . Unjustified emendation of Ypsolophus .

Hypsolopha Billberg, 1820: 93 . Unjustified emendation of Ypsolopha .

Theristis Hübner, 1826: 406; Stephens, 1834: 333; Stainton, 1854: 74; Heinemann, 1870: 127; Snellen, 1882: 553; Spuler, 1910: 451; Hering, 1932: 42; Gozmány, 1956: 7. Type-species: Tinea acinacidella Hübner, 1796 [= Phalaena Tinea mucronella Scopoli, 1763 ].

Harpipterix Hübner, 1826: 407. Type-species: Tinea harpella Hübner, 1796 [= Alucita dentella Fabricius, 1775 ].

Hypsolopha Hübner, 1826: 407 ; Stephens, 1834: 335. Type-species: Phalaena Tinea asperella Linnaeus, 1761 .

Abebaea Hübner, 1826: 408. Type-species: Phalaena Tinea sylvella Linnaeus, 1767 .

Theristes Hübner, [1826]: 68. Incorrect subsequent spelling of Theristis.

Harpipteryx Treitschke, 1833: 36 (amended spelling for Harpipterix); Stephens, 1834: 334; Gozmány, 1956: 7.

Chaetochilus Stephens, 1834: 337 . Type-species: Phalaena sepuella Clerck, 1759 .

Harpepteryx Sodoffsky, 1837: 94 (amended spelling for Harpipterix).

Pteroxia Guenée, 1845: 335 (non descr.). Type-species: Tinea Hübner, 1796 [= Phalaena Tinea mucronella Scoppli, 1763 ].

Hypolepia Guenée, 1845: 335 (non descr.). Type-species: Alucita costella Fabricius, 1775 [= Phalaena Tinea parenthesella Linnaeus, 1761 ].

Hypsilophus Agassiz, 1846: 552 (amended spelling for Ypsolopha Fabricius ).

Harpopteryx Agassiz, 1846: 173 (amended spelling for Harpipterix).

Credemon Wallengren, 1880: 59 . Type-species: Phalaena Tinea sylvella Linnaeus, 1767 .

Periclymenobius Wallengren, 1880: 61. Type-species: Phalaena Tinea xylostella Wallengren, 1880 (not Linnaeus, 1758) [= Alucita dentella Fabricius, 1775 ].

Trachoma Wallengren, 1880: 62 . Type-species: Phalaena Tinea asperella Linnaeus, 1761 .

Pluteloptera Chambers, 1880: 181 . Type-species: Plutelloptera ochrella Chambers, 1880 [= Tinea ustella Clerck, 1759 ].

Credemnon Wallengren, 1880: 54, 59. Type species: Phalaena sylvella Linnaeus, 1767 .

Plutelloptera: Chambers, 1880: 198 . Incorrect subsequent spelling of Pluteloptera .

Mapa Strand, 1911: 170 . Type-species: Mapa cordillerella Strand, 1911 .

Pycnopogon Chrétien, 1922: 356 . Type-species: Pycnopogon scabrella Chrétien, 1922 [= Crostoma approbata Meyrick, 1936, new name for scabrella Chrétien , preocc.].

Melitonympha Meyrick, 1927: 360 ; Clarke, 1965: 347; Clarke, 1966: 96. Type-species: Melitonympha heteraula Meyrick, 1927 [= Abebaea cockerella Busck, 1903 ].

Chalconympha Meyrick, 1931: 401 ; Clarke, 1965: 304. Type-species: Chalconympha eurypepla Meyrick, 1931 . Credemon: Moriuti, 1977: 42 , 73, 318. Incorrect subsequent spelling of Credemnon.

General characters. Adult: Labial palpus well tufted on ventral surface of second segment. Forewing elongate; apex rounded, falcate or produced; R4 and R5 stalked or separated, CuA1 and CuA2 remote, connate, or shortstalked from angle. Hindwing with Rs and M1 long stalked, M2 and M3 separated or stalked. Marked wing venation of Ypsolopha is shown in figure 2.

Male genitalia ( Fig. 3 a): Uncus small, ill-defined, except developed in Y. albiramella Mann and Y. cajaliella Vives. Gnathos with long arms, forming a spoon-like ventral plate, densely covered with small teeth on ventral surface. Saccus developed. Anellus cylindrical, densely covered with short hairs or setae ventrally. Phallus with coecum penis; cornuti present, usually composed of two large thorns or two clusters of spines or microspines.

Female genitalia ( Fig. 3 b): Intersegmental membrane between papilla analis and 8th abdominal segment moderate to long. Apophyses posteriores extremely long. Antrum small, roughly cup-shaped, sclerotized at base, in some species sclerotized throughout. Ductus bursae membranous, in some species sclerotized partially and/or granulous. Signum usually a band-shaped plate, often with one or two transverse ridges.

Biology. Moriuti (1977) and Agassiz (1996) reported the biology of several species from Japan and England respectively. Larvae are usually solitary, living in a small web among leaves. In some species, two or three larvae of the early instars live together in a common web. Larvae mainly feed on the plants of Pinaceae , Ulmaceae , Fagaceae , Celastraceae , Rosaceae etc. Pupation occurs in a spindle-shaped cocoon among leaves or among litter on the ground.

Distribution. Ypsolopha is distributed throughout all the geographical regions, with majority in the Palearctic and Oriental regions.

Figures

FIGURE 3. Genitalia of Ypsolopha parallela (Caradja). a. ♂; b. ♀.