Encarsia pergandiella Howard, 1907

Schmidt, Stefan & Polaszek, Andrew, 2007, The Australian species of Encarsia Förster (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea: Aphelinidae), parasitoids of whiteflies (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Aleyrodidae) and armoured scale insects (Hemiptera, Coccoidea: Diaspididae), Journal of Natural History 41 (33 - 36), pp. 2099-2265 : 2212-2213

67. Encarsia pergandiella Howard

( Figures 211–213 )

Encarsia pergandiella Howard 1907, p 78 . Holotype ♀, USA, Washington, DC, 25 September 1900 (T. Pergande), ex ‘‘ Aleyrodes ’’ [probably Trialeurodes sp. ] on Xanthium strumarium (USNM, not examined).

Encarsia versicolor Girault 1908, p 53 . Syntypes?, USA, Illinois, Urbana (greenhouse) (INHS, type no. 37474, not examined). Synonymy by Gahan (in Peck 1951, p 438).

Aleurodiphilus pergandiellus (Howard) : DeBach and Rose 1981, p 666.

Encarsia bemisiae De Santis 1981, p 37 . Preoccupied by bemisiae Ishii 1938 . Holotype ♀, Brazil, Sao Paolo, Campinas, Bemisia tabaci (Lourençao) (UNLP, examined). Synonymy by Polaszek et al. 1992, p 387.

Encarsia tabacivora Viggiani 1985b, p 82 . Replacement name for bemisiae De Santis. Synonymy by Polaszek et al. 1992, p 387.

Encarsia pergandiella (Howard) : Viggiani 1987b, p 160 –162; Polaszek et al. 1992, p 386–387; Schmidt et al. 2001, p 381 –382.

Diagnosis

Female. Colour: head pale, with dark transverse band. Mesosoma predominantly pale, or brown (with pronotum, mesonotum, and axillae largely darkened). Petiole brown. Gaster predominantly brown. Third valvula pale. Antenna pale with apex more or less darkened. Fore wing with dark band behind marginal vein. Legs pale.

Morphology: stemmaticum with reticulate surface sculpture. Antennal formula 1,1,4,2. Pedicel longer than F1 (1.27–1.36). F1 2.50–3.00 times as long as its maximum width, slightly shorter than F2 (0.90–1.00) and shorter than F3 (0.77–0.85). Flagellomeres with the following numbers of sensilla: F1: 0, F2: 0, F3: 1–2, F4: 2, F5: 3, F6: 2. Midlobe of mesoscutum with 8–11 setae, side lobes with two setae each. Scutellar sensilla widely separated (approximately six times the maximum width of a sensillum). Distance between anterior pair of scutellar setae subequal to distance between posterior pair. Fore wing with bare area, 3.4–3.6 times as long as width of disc. Marginal fringe 0.68–0.75 times as long as width of disc. Submarginal vein with two setae, marginal vein anteriorly with seven to nine setae. Tarsal formula 5-5-5. Apical spur of midtibia slightly shorter than half the length of the corresponding basitarsus (0.37–0.41). Tergites laterally with the following numbers of setae: T1: 0–1, T2: 1, T3: 1, T4: 1, T5: 2(–3), T6: 2, T7 with four setae. Ovipositor almost as long as midtibia (0.84–0.91). Third valvula 0.54–0.70 times as long as second valvifer.

Male. Head and body predominantly brown, midlobe of mesoscutum, scutellum, and legs lighter.

Species group placement. E. parvella group. Placed in E. pergandiella group by Viggiani and Mazzone (1979) and Viggiani (1993), and in E. parvella group by Hayat (1989a, 1998) and Polaszek et al. (1992), which these authors consider encompasses the E. pergandiella group.

Distribution. Australia: New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria. USA, Mexico, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Venezuela, Israel, Italy.

Host. Aleyrodidae : Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) , Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) . The following additional hosts have been recorded (Polaszek et al. 1992; Schauff et al. 1996): Aleyrodes sp. , Aleurodicus dispersus Russell , Aleuroglandulus malangae Russell , Aleuroplatus coronata (Back) , A. elemerae Mound and Halsey , Aleurothrixus floccosus (Maskell) , Aleurotrachelus trachoides (Quaintance) , Dialeurodes citri (Ashmead) , D. kirkaldyi (Kotinsky) , Trialeurodes abutiloneus (Haldeman) , T. floridensis (Quaintance) , T. variabilis (Quaintance) .

Material examined

Figures

Figures 211–213. Encarsia pergandiella Howard, female. (211) Mesosoma and gaster. (212) Antenna. (213) Fore wing.