Rhinotora Schiner

Calhau, Julia, Coelho, Lívia Aguiar, Kawada, Ricardo, Lima, Felipe Varussa De Oliveira & Guillermo-Ferreira, Rhainer, 2016, Review of Rhinotora (Diptera, Heleomyzidae) with description of a new species and key to all known heleomyzid species from Brazil, Zootaxa 4138 (3), pp. 513-533 : 515-516

Rhinotora Schiner

Rhinotora Schiner, 1868: 233 . Type-species, Rhinotora pluricellata Schiner, 1868 (orig. des.).

Diagnosis. Rhinotora , within the Rhinotorini, is unique by the protuberances on scutellum. It shares with Neorhinotora and some Australian species of Cairnsimyia Malloch, 1931 , the absence of postvertical setae ( McAlpine 1985). Likewise most Rhinotorini, Rhinotora has the scutellum flattened (not excavated as in Neorhinotora ), and the pruinescence of scutum is fine, present around setal sockets (in Neorhinotora pruinescence is thicker, absent around setal sockets). The genus, along with the remaining Rhinotorina, also has the following features, as observed by McAlpine (1985): genal seta present; presutural intrallar seta present; one presutural intrallar seta; two well separated postsutural dorsocentral setae; scutellum without setulae (only strong setae present); propleuron without hairs except at lower extremity; hind femur with one strong anterodorsal seta at about apical fifth; spaced costal spines absent; costal break simple; male postabdomen: sternite 5 deeply bilobed; tergite 6 never present as a separate sclerite; surstylus movably articulated at base.

Redescription. Head. Compound eye prominent, obliquely oblong. Vertex wider than face. Median occipital sclerite shiny. Gena about as high as compound eye; one medioventral seta, as strong as oral vibrissa; setulose, silvery pruinose on anterior half and around compound eye. Face deeply concave. Oral vibrissa well developed. Ocellar setae proclinate, well developed. One inner vertical seta. One outer vertical seta. Anterior orbital setae reclinate, shorter than posterior one, sometimes piliform or completely absent ( R. lopesi and R. diversipennis ); one well developed reclinate posterior orbital seta. Postocellar setae absent. Antenna. Arista preapical, micropubescent. Pedicel with one dorsal seta, besides regular covering setulae. Postpedicel globose, slightly flattened laterally.

Thorax. Scutum with fine pruinescence, present around setal sockets and forming a complex pattern of brown and golden stripes and spots. Two postsutural dorsocentral setae; one presutural intrallar seta; one postsutural supralar seta; one postpronotal seta; two notopleural setae; two postallar setae. Scutellum triangular with spiniform and/or lobed protuberances; one pair of apical scutellar seta; one pair of basal scutellar seta. Katepisternum with two strong setae on dorsal margin. Wing. Membrane microtrichose, hyaline with dark spots, or brownish with hyaline spots. Cell r1 with simple or branched supernumerary crossveins. R2+3 with one or two simple or branched supernumerary crossveins arising from its middle. Distance from apex of R2+3 to R4+5 shorter than distance from apex from R4+5 to M1. Crossvein r-m broken. Legs. Fore femur three to four times longer than wide, ventrally with two rows of short strong setae. Hind femur with one strong anterodorsal seta at about apical fifth. Fore tibia with a row of short and strong ventral setae. Mid tibia with one to three distinct ventroapical setae. Hind tibia with one distinct apical anteroventral seta.

Abdomen. Tergites short setulose, setulae longer laterally on posterior margin. Protandrium. Tergite 6 indistinct; sternites 7–8 fused; sternite 6 either fused with sternites 7–8 ( R. diversipennis , R. lopesi ) or with sternite 5 ( R. paschoali sp. nov., R. travassosi ). Male genitalia. Epandrium saddle shaped. Cerci fused to each other and to epandrium. Postgonites dorsal to phallus. Female terminalia. Two spherical spermathecae.

Distribution. Brazil (Amazonas, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, São Paulo); Costa Rica (Volcán de Irazu); Peru (Callanga).

TABLE]. DỉStľỉbutỉƟn ľecƟľđS fƟľ Rhinotora Spec ỉeS anđ đata SƟuľce. CƟƟľđỉnateS ỉn đecỉmal đegľeeS, đatum WǤ 84 (EΡ Ǥ 4326). TL: type lƟcalỉty.