Dicyphus errans ( Wolff, 1804 )

Konstantinov, Fedor V. & Neimorovets, Vladimir V., 2021, Bryocorinae Baerensprung, 1860 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) of European Russia and the Caucasus: synopsis and key to species, Zootaxa 4920 (3), pp. 301-338 : 315-317

Dicyphus errans ( Wolff, 1804)

Figures 3 , 7. 11

Gerris errans Wolff, 1804: 161 .

Material examined. ABKHAZIA: Sukhum, 1♀ 8 VII 1927, 1♂ 16 X 1927, 2♀ 1♂ 30 X 1927, 5♀ 3♂ 31 X 1927, 2♀ 24 XI 1927, 1♀ 19 V 1928, G. Zimin, 1♀ 24-30 VIII 1921, Gorchakovsky. Tsebelda [Tsabal], 1♀ 4 IX 1931, 1♀ 1 X 1931, Voronov. Bzyb Mt. Range, Dzacha, 1♀ 13 VIII 1931, Voronov. New Athos, 1♀ 29 III 1928, Yu. Zimin. Gagra, 1♀ 21 V 1916, I. Lokolov. Novye Gagry [Gagra], 1♂ 15 IX 1957, Tryapitsyn. AZERBAIJAN: Adzhikend, Ganja, 3♀ 1♂, V. Jakovlev coll. Talysh Mountains, Lerik distr., Lyalyakyaran, 1♂ 16 V 1909, Kiritshenko. Talysh Mountains, Lerik distr., Lerik, 1♀ 17 V 1909, Kiritshenko. Lerik distr., Dzhonni-Tuli [near Dzoni], 1♀ 31 VII 1931, Vorshalovich. Astara distr., Vasharuchay River , Toradi, 1250 m a.s.l., 1♂ 21 VII 1932, Znojko. Lankaran, 1♂ 1930, A. Shestakov. Mil Steppe, Dashburun, 1♂ 4 VI 1931, Zakhvatkin. CRIMEA: Yaltinskiy Uezd, Taushan-Bazar [Privolnoe], 2♂ 4 VI 1907, W. Pliginsky, 1♂ 4 VI 1907, Kiritshenko. Ak-Chokrak [Bakhchysarai], 1♀ 5 VII 1911, A.M. Diakonov. GEORGIA: Borjomi, 1♀ 20 VI 1949, 1♀ 1♂ 30 VI 1949, Kiritshenko. Borjomi State Reserve, Baniskhevi Gorge, 1♀ 4 VII 1934, Kirschenblat. Sasashi, Mestiysky distr. , Svaneti, 1♀ 3 VIII 1957, Akramovskaya. Lagodekhi, Zakatala, Tiflis Gov., 1♂ 21 X 1896, 2♀ 2♂ 26-27 VII 1915, A. Mlokossiewich. ARMENIA: Tavush Province, Dilijan, 1♀ 10 VIII 1927, Dyakonov, 2♀ 1♂ IX 1934, Kiritshenko. Lori Prov., Kirovakan [Vanadzor], 1♂ 7 VIII 1937, Ter-Minasyan. Syunik Prov., Merginsky distr, Lichk, 1♂ 9 VI 1955, Loginova. IRAN: Golestan Prov., Astarabad [Gorgan], 1♀ 15 III 1904, Filippovich, 1♀ 21 IV 1914, Kiritshenko. Semnan Prov. Shachrud, 1♀ 28 V 1914, Kiritshenko. RUSSIA: Dagestan Rep.: 1♀ Derbent, V. Jakovlev coll. Makhachkala, 1♀ 15 X 1928, 1♂ XI 1943, Ryabov. Ingushetia Rep.: Salgi-Egochkal [Egikhal], 1♀ 25 VII 1927, Kiritshenko. Kabardino-Balkaria Rep.: Nalchik, 1♀ 1♂ 1 VII 1914, E. Golovleva. Karachay-Cherkessia Rep.: Teberda, 2000 m a.l.s., 1♂ 4 VIII 1936, Nikolskaya. Krasnodar Terr.: Abrau peninula, Utrish Nature Reserve , Bazovaya Shchel, 1♀ 5 VI 2013, 13♀ 7♂ 25 VI 2013, V. V. Neimorovets. Near Gelendzhik, Markoth Mt. Range , 1♀ 7 IX 2001, V. V. Neimorovets. Aibga Mt. Range, southwestern slope, 1700 m a.l.s. 2♀ 1♂ 30 VIII 2001, V. V. Neimorovets. Krasnaya Polyana, 2♂ 26 VI 1907, Kiritshenko, 2♀ 8–9 IX 1932, Lukyanovich. Babuk-Aul, 1♀ 28 VI 1935, Deev. Lazarevskaya [District of Sochi], 1♀ 1♂ 5 VI 1990, T. N. Ignatieva. North Ossetia Rep.: Eastern Tsey Mt. Range , 3♀ 2♂ 3 VIII 1925, Kiritshenko. Georgian Military Road, Staryy Lars [Nizhniy Lars], 1♀ 6 VIII 1921, 1♂ 1 IX 1920, Ryabov. Yaroslavl Prov.: Danilovsky distr., Zhedenovo [12 km S of Danilov], 1♂ A. Shestakov. SOUTH OSSETIA: 1♀ Kvaisa, 15 X 1956, Gorodkov. TURKEY: Asia Minor, Smyrna Prov., Bozdagh Mts. , Goelchik [Gölcük], 6♀ 1♂ 29 VII 1931, B.P. Uvarov. UKRAINE: Kirovograd Prov., Fedvar [Podlesnoe], 2♀ 24 VIII 1923, A. Kiritshenko. Near Zhitomir, 1♀ 20 V 1897, Birulya. Chernivtsi, 5♀ 25 IX 1960, Kerzhner. Sumy Prov., Trostianets, 1♀ 13 VI 1946, Medvedev. Luhansk Prov., Provalye, 1♀ 1 IX 194, Medvedev.

Diagnosis. Recognized by the following combination of characters: brachypterous forms unknown; total body length male 4.6–5.5, female 4.5–5.2; head and pronotum usually with intense dark pattern; antennal segment I from reddish brown to dark brown, in male about twice as long as width of vertex, segment II dark brown to black, sometimes with paler middle part, in male more than 1.5 X as long as basal width of pronotum; calli relatively small, length of pronotum behind calli 1.6–1.8 X as long as calli length; hemelytron usually with two brown spots along apex of corium and darkened apex of cuneus ( Fig. 3 ); apical process of left paramere comparatively thick and short, with curved apex and comparatively wide, posteriorly rounded dorsal crest ( Fig 11 ).

Dicyphus errans is similar to D. epilobii and D. constrictus in the general appearance, body proportions, and coloration. Refer to the diagnosis of D. constrictus for discussion of distinctive features.

Distribution. This species is widespread in southern and central Europe ( Kerzhner & Josifov 1999). In European Russia, D. errans ranges from Moscow Prov. in the north to Bashkiria Rep. in the east ( Kiritshenko 1951; Vinokurov et al. 2015). In the South Caucasus, it is known from many localities of all countries, including Abkhazia (Bzybsky Mts. Ridge, New Athos, Sukhumi, Tsebelda), Georgia (valley of Antsal-Or River, Baniskhevi, Borjomi, Gometsari canyon, Kvasi and Dzhava in South Ossetia, Kodzhory, Lagodekhi, Masavera depression, Tetrisqaro, Tsikhisdziri), Armenia (Ararat plain, Armanis, Jrvezh, Krgi, Lori, Pambak), and Azerbaijan (Adzhikend, Ganja, Lankaran, Lulakaran, Ordubad, Saricali, Shusha, several localities in Talysh Mts.). Within the North Caucasus, the species is known from the Black to the Caspian Sea and from Krasnodar Terr. (Babuk-Aul, Krasnaya Polyana, Kholmskaya, Lazarevskaya), Karachay-Cherkessia (Teberda), Kabardino-Balkaria (Nalchik), North Ossetia (Stary Lars,Verkhny Tsey), and Dagestan (Derbent).

Host and habitat. This predacious species mainly attacks aphids and whiteflies but also requires plant food for development ( Wheeler 2001). It was shown to be a promising potential candidate for controlling Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) ( Lepidoptera , Gelechiidae ), a serious pest recently introduced to Europe from North America ( Ingegno et al. 2013). Dicyphus errans was reported from a large number of host plants in Europe, including Antirrhinum majus L. ( Scrophulariaceae ), Calendula officinalis L., Doronicum grandiflorum Lam. , Hieracium spp. ( Asteraceae ), Circaea lutetiana L. ( Onagraceae ), Galeopsis tetrahit L., Salvia spp., Stachys sylvatica L. ( Lamiaceae ), Geranium spp. ( Geraniaceae ), and Solanum nigrum L. ( Solanaceae ) ( Ingegno et al. 2008). In European Russia and the Caucasus, D. errans most frequently inhabits Solanum spp. and Geranium spp. ( Kerzhner 1964), e.g., G. robertianum L. ( Neimorovets 2015).

Figures

FIGURE 3. Dorsal habitus images of Dicyphus (Dicyphus) spp. Dicyphus (D.) errans Wolff, 1804 and Dicyphus (D.) epilobii Reuter, 1883.

FIGURE 7. Images of male abdominal apex of Dicyphus (D.) spp. in left lateral (above) and dorsal (below) views, respectively. Dicyphus (D.) cerastii Wagner, 1951, Dicyphus (D.) errans Wolff, 1804, Dicyphus (D.) constrictus (Boheman, 1852), Dicyphus (D.) hyalinipennis (Burmeister, 1835), and Dicyphus (D.) stachydis J. Sahlberg, 1878, Dicyphus (D.) pallidus (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1836).

FIGURE 8. Images of genital capsule and aedeagus of Dicyphus and Nesidiocoris spp. Dicyphus (B.) albonasutus Wagner, 1951, Dicyphus (B.) geniculatus (Fieber, 1858), Dicyphus (B.) globulifer (Fallén, 1829), Dicyphus (B.) digitalidis Josifov, 1958, Dicyphus (B.) montandoni Reuter, 1888, Dicyphus (D.) epilobii Reuter, 1883, and Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter, 1895).

FIGURE 9. Images of parameres. Bryocoris pteridis (Fallén, 1807), Monalocoris filicis (Linnaeus, 1758) Macrolophus costalis Fieber, 1858, Macrolophus epilobii Putshkov, l978, Macrolophus pygmaeus Rambur, 1839, Macrolophus rubi Woodroffe, 1957, and Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter, 1895).

FIGURE 10. Images of parameres of Dicyphus (Brachyceroea) spp. Dicyphus (B.) albonasutus Wagner, 1951, Dicyphus (B.) geniculatus (Fieber, 1858), Dicyphus (B.) globulifer (Fallén, 1829), Dicyphus (B.) digitalidis Josifov, 1958, and Dicyphus (B.) montandoni Reuter, 1888.

FIGURE 11. Images of parameres of Dicyphus (Dicyphus) spp. Dicyphus (D.) constrictus (Boheman, 1852), Dicyphus (D.) cerastii Wagner, 1951, Dicyphus (D.) errans Wolff, 1804, Dicyphus (D.) epilobii Reuter, 1883, Dicyphus (D.) hyalinipennis (Burmeister, 1835), Dicyphus (D.) pallidus (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1836), and Dicyphus (D.) stachydis J. Sahlberg, 1878.