Monalocoris filicis ( Linnaeus, 1758 )

Konstantinov, Fedor V. & Neimorovets, Vladimir V., 2021, Bryocorinae Baerensprung, 1860 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) of European Russia and the Caucasus: synopsis and key to species, Zootaxa 4920 (3), pp. 301-338 : 304-307

Monalocoris filicis ( Linnaeus, 1758)

Figures. 1 , 9

Cimex filicis Linnaeus, 1758: 443

Monalocoris filicis var. atlantica Lindberg, 1941: 15

Monalocoris japonensis Linnavuori, 1961: 164 (syn. by Kerzhner, 1978: 37).

Material examined. ABKHAZIA: Lake Ritsa, 4♀ IX 1957, Tryapitsyn. Petropavlovka, 12 km N from New Athos, 2♀ 24 VIII 1932, Lukyanovich. Sukhum, 4F, 2♂ 2 V 1928, 1♂ 18 V 1928, Yu. Zimin, 1♀ 2♂ 16 X 1927, 4♀ 3♂ 17 X 1927, 2♀ 30 X 1927, 30♀ 8♂ 24 XI 1927 G. Zimin. 1♂ 11 VIII 1932, 2♀ 1♂ 3 VIII 1932, 2♀ 1♂ 18 VIII 1932, Lukyanovich , 1♀ 15 VII 1931, Voronov. Lake Skurcha, mouth of the Kodor River , 1♀ 10 V 1928, Yu. Zimin. Bzyb Mount Range , Dzacha , 1♂ 13 VIII 1931, Voronov. Sukhum, Bograta Mt. [Bagrat’s castle], 1♀ 4♂ 12 VIII 1930, Stepanov. Gulripshi distr., Mt. Apiancha near Tsebelda , 1♂ 4 IX 1931, Vorornov. Gulripshi distr., Tsebelda , 1♀ VIII 1931, 13♀ 1♂ IX 1931, Voronov. Novye Gagry [Gagra], 1♂ 3♀ 15 IX 1957, Tryapitsyn. Dzyankvish near Azhara on Kodor , Sukhum , 1♀ 19 VII 1895, Kalishev. Venets bridge on Besla , Sukhum , 1♂ 25 VIII 1905, Kalishev. AZERBAIJAN: Lankaran District, River Vasharuchay , Bilasar , 800 m a.l.s, 5♂ 16 VII 1932, Znojko. Talysh Mountains, Lerik, 1♂ 6 VII 1909, Kiritshenko coll. Lulakeran [Lyalyakyaran], 1♀ 16 V 1909, Kiritshenko coll. CRIMEA: Romanovskaya road, at the source of the Kacha River [Babugan-yayla], 2♀ 2♂ 5 VIII 1927, Znojko. GEORGIA: Valley of the Antsal-or [Shromiskhevi] River , Signakhi Uezd , 4♀ 1♂ 24 VII 1912, 3♀ 19 III 1913, A. Mlokossiewich. Chakvis-tavi [Chakvistavi], 8♀ 4♂ 21 VII 1949, Kiritshenko. Kobuleti District, Kintrishi River , 2♀ 2♂ 6-7 VII 1953, Tryapitsyn. Kobuleti, 1♀ 1♂ 12 VI 1906, Satunin. Lentekhi, Lower Svaneti [Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti], 2♀ 9 VIII 1957, Akramovskaya. Batum, Zelenyy mys [Mtsvane Kontskhi], near Batumi , 1♀ 7 VII 1936, Stepanov. Batumi Botanical Garden, 2♀ 29 V 1953, Tryapitsyn. Bakuriani, 2♀ 6 VII 1949, Kiritshenko. Gometritz-cheoba, valley of Aragvi River , 1♀ 11 VII 1949, Kiritshenko. RUSSIA: Bashkortostan Rep.: Nurimanovsky distr. , Krasnyy Klyuch—Krasnaya Gorka on Ufa River , 3♀ 15 VI 1933, Lyubishchev. Bryansk Prov.: Bryansk, 1♀ 22 VI 1925, 1♀ 30 VI 1925, 5♀ 7♂ 6 VII 1925, 1♂ 27 VII 1925, V. Stark. Ingushetia Rep.: Dzheyrakhsky Distr. , Salgi, 1♀ 31 VII 1927, 1♀ 4 VIII 1927, 8♀ 5♂ 26 VIII 1927, Kiritshenko. Krasnodar Terr.: Krasnaya Polyana, 13♀ 8♂ V 1907, Kiritshenko, 2♀ 8-9 IX 1932, Lukyanovich, 1♀ 16 VI 1935, Chistovsky. Estonka [Estosadok] near Krasnaya Polyana, 1♀ 29 VIII 1928, Egorov & Fenakov. Leningrad Prov.: Terioki [Zelenogorsk], 1♀ 4 VI 1899, 5♀ 24 V 1899, 1♀ 1♂ 13 VII 1899, Novotortsev. Saint Petersburg, Krestovsky Island , 2♀ 3 IX 1895, Bianchi. Saint Petersburg, 1♀ 3 IX 1895, Novotortsev. Olgino, Petergofsky Uezd, 2♀ 17 VII 1902, 1♂ 4 VIII 1902, Bianchi. Lopukhinka, Petergofsky Uezd, 1♂ 12 VII 1894, 1♂ 26 VII 1894, 1♀ 2♂ 31 VII 1894, Bianchi. Lebyazhye, Petergofsky Uezd, 3♀ 10 V 1897, 2♀ 11 V 1897, 1♀ 11 VI 1897, 17♀ 21 VI 1897, 1♀ 2♂ 5 VI 1897, 4♀ 16 VIII 1897, 2♀ 10 V 1898, 2♀ 20 VI 1898, 1♀ 1♂ 26 VII 1898, 1♀ 27 VI 1898, 1♀ 10 VIII 1898, 3♀ 16 V 1899, 2♀ 24 V 1899, 1♀ 13 VI 1899, 1♀ 30 VII 1899, 1♀ 1♂ 13 VIII 1899, 3♀ 25 VIII 1899, 1♀ 28 V 1900, 1♀ 25 VII 1900, 2♂ 5 VIII 1900, Bianchi. Lebyazhye, Petergofsky Uezd, 2♀ 30 V 1899, Chekini, 2♀ 25 VI 1898, Novotortsev. Petergof, 1♀ 1♂ 2 X 2005, V. Krivokhatsky. Svir River, 2♀, date unknown, V. Jakovlev coll. Chornaya Lakhta [Lebyazhensky], Petergofsky Uezd, 2♀ 2 VI 1897, 1♀ 10 VIII 1898, 2♀ 2 VIII 1899, 1♀ 4 VI 1899, 1♀ 10 VI 1899, Bianchi, 3♀ 1♂ 21 VII 1899, Mazaraky. Duderhof [Krasnoe Selo], Tsarskoselsky Uezd, 2♂ 1♀ 4 VIII, 1897, Bianchi. Gorelovo, Baltiyskaya railway, 2♀ 19 V 1898, 1♀ 1♂ 12 VII 1898, 1♂ 3 VIII 1898, 1♀ 15 VIII 1898, 1♀ 25 VIII 1898, Novotortsev. Lobanovo dock [part of Pavlovo], Shlisselburgsky Uezd, 1♀ 10 VII 1908, 28♀ 7♂ 6 VIII 1920, V. Barovsky, 4♀ 9 VII 1908, A. Vlasov. Gatchinsky District, Himozi, 1♂ 15 VIII 1940, Lukyanovich. Razdelnaya [Lisy Nos] Railway Station , 1♀ 4♂ 16 VII 1911, Kiritshenko. Priozersky District, Sapyornoye, 2♀ 2♂ VII 1958, Kerzhner. Serezhino, Yamburgsky Uezd, 2♀ 2♂ 17 VII 1895, 5♀ 3♂ 28 VII 1895, 3♀ 1♂, 25 VIII 1895, 1♀ 1 VI 1896, 1♀ 27 VI 1896, Bianchi. Log vill. [Sara-Log], Luzhsky Uezd, 1♀ 19 VI–2 VII 1918, 1♀ 21 VI–4 VII 1918, G. Jacobson. Zheltsy vill. Luzhsky Uezd, 7♀ 2♂ 21 VII 1899, Mazaraky. Saint Petersburg, Lesnoy, 1♀ 1♂ 18 VII 1919, T. Jaczewski. Saint Petersburg, Lakhta, 2♀ 12 VI 1911, Kiritshenko. Saint Petersburg, Ligovo Railway Station , 1♀ 1♂ 7 VII 1898, Novotortsev. Saint Petersburg, Krestovsky Island , 1♀ 8 V 1916, R. Virketis. Moscow Prov.: Porechye, Mozhaisk. Uezd, 2♀ 23 VI 1903, Bianki. Yaroslavl Prov.: Danilovsky distr. , Zhedenovo [12 km south of the city of Danilov], 3♀ 1♂ 1915, A. Shestakov. Nizhny Novgorod Prov.: Arzamassky Distr. , Staraya Pustyn, 3♀ 8♂ 10 VIII 1939, 2♀ 13 VIII 1939, 5♀ 6♂ 17 VIII 1939, 1♀ 19 VIII 1939, Kiritshenko. North Ossetia Rep.: V. Kora—Ardon pass [Kora-Ursdon], 1♀ 1 VIII 1925, Kiritshenko. Perm Prov.: Srednyaya Usva, ffi43, 2♀ 1♂ 27 VII, Urakova. Pskov Prov.: Kharlamova Gora, Gdovsky uezd, 2♀ 1♂ 11 VII 1898, 2♀ 8 VIII 1896, Bikhner. Korytovo, 3♀ 18 VIII 1933, Chistovsky. Sverdlovsk Prov.: Mountain Massif Denezhkin Kamen , pass Rubel, eastern slope, 1300 m a.s.l., 5♀ 8 VII 1999 A.I. Ermakov. UKRAINE: Kherson Prov., Oleshky, 9♀ 6♂ 30 VII 1923, Kiritshenko.

Diagnosis. Recognized among congeners by the shape of both parameres, viz., right paramere contrastingly small, simple, and left paramere more than three times as long as right one, with large, flattened, and gradually curved sensory lobe ( Fig. 9 ).

The North and Central American Monalocoris americanus Wagner & Slater, 1952 is most similar to M. filicis in sizes, body proportions, coloration, and paramere structure, but can be recognized from that species by the distinctly longer right paramere and by the shape of sensory lobe and apical process of the left paramere ( Wagner & Slater 1952: fig. 1 J, P; Hernandez & Henry, 2010: figs 119, 120). Monalocoris amamianus Yasunaga, 2000 , known from South Japan and South China resembles M. filicis in size and coloration but differs from that species in the uniformly yellow femora without brown rings, dense semierect vestiture of dorsum, and U-shaped left paramere with sensory lobe slightly swollen, but not forming long process (Hu & Zheng 2003: fig. 14).

Discussion. Most populations across the range of this species have relatively stable color pattern. The dorsum and venter are usually dark brown with pale yellow head, antenna, legs, and lateral margin of hemelytron. The apical third of antennal segment II is dark brown, and the femora usually have incomplete subapical brown ring. However, specimens may vary in the degree of dark coloration, ranging from almost entirely dark brown to uniformly pale yellow dorsum ( Fig. 1 ). The pale form, predominantly known from the European Atlantic coast and southern Europe, was described as M. filicis var. atlantica by Lindberg (1941). It was upgraded to subspecies level by Stichel (1956) without any argument and subsequently downgraded by Wagner & Weber (1964). No distinctions were observed in the male genitalia between pale and dark colored specimens from various localities.

Distribution. The species has a wide transpalaearctic range. It is known from the whole of Europe and European Russia except the high North, reaching east to the Russian Far East, Korea, Japan, and South China but not found in Central Asia ( Kerzhner & Josifov 1999). In the Southern Caucasus it is known from almost every sampled locality in Abkhazia (Akchura, Azhara, confluence of Chkhalta and Khodor Rivers, Gentsvishi, Gagra, Petropavlovka, Skurcha Lake, Tsebelda, Zakharovka), numerous localities in Georgia (valley of Antsal-Or River, Kobuleti, Chackvistavi, Mestia Pass), and southeastern Azerbaijan (several localities near Lenkaran, Talysh Mts.) ( Kiritshenko 1918, 1939; Gidayatov 1967). This species remains unknown from Armenia, Eastern Georgia, Western and Central Azerbaijan and the distribution of M. filicis appears to be disjunct in the Southern Caucasus, although this could be result of the limited sampling effort. Within the Northern Caucasus, the species ranges from Western Krasnodar Terr. (Krasnaya Polyana, headwater of the Khosta River, Estasadok) in the west to North Ossetia (Verkhnaya Kora near Ardon) and Ingushetia (Salgi) in the east.

Host. In contrast to majority of other mirids, M. filicis overwinters as adults. It feeds on sporangia of various ferns in shaded areas. The following fern species were reported as hosts for M. filicis : Asplenium spp. ( Aspleniaceae ), Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth ( Athyriaceae ), Aspidium spinulosum (O.F.Müll.) Sw. , Dryopteris dilatata (Hoffm.) A.Gray , D. filix-mas (L.) Schott, D. oreopteris (Sw.) Maxon , and Polystichum sp. ( Dryopteridaceae ) ( Konstantinov & Knyshov 2015).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Dorsal habitus images of Bryocoris pteridis (Fallén, 1807), Monalocoris filicis (Linnaeus, 1758), and Campyloneura virgula (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1835).

FIGURE 9. Images of parameres. Bryocoris pteridis (Fallén, 1807), Monalocoris filicis (Linnaeus, 1758) Macrolophus costalis Fieber, 1858, Macrolophus epilobii Putshkov, l978, Macrolophus pygmaeus Rambur, 1839, Macrolophus rubi Woodroffe, 1957, and Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter, 1895).