Cremastosperma bullatum Pirie, 2004

Pirie, Michael D., Chatrou, Lars W. & Maas, Paul J. M., 2018, A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species, PhytoKeys 112, pp. 1-141 : 1

6. Cremastosperma bullatum Pirie Figs 12 , 13 , Map 5

Cremastosperma bullatum Pirie, Arnaldoa 11: 8 f. 2, 3-5. 2004.

Type.

PERU, Amazonas: Bagua, Distr. Imaza, community Yamayakat, trail to Putuim, 360 m a.s.l., 22 Nov 2003, Pirie, M.D. et al. 71 (holotype: U! [two sheets U0121238, U0121239]; isotypes: AAU!, AMAZ!, CUZ!, E! [E00268265], F! [V0047939F], HAO!, HUT!, K! [K000580475], MO! [MO-1459050], MOL!, NY! [NY00689082], US! [US00901687], USM! [USM000035], WU! [WU0038419]).

Description.

Tree 2-10 m tall; young twigs and petioles densely covered with mainly erect golden hairs up to 1 mm long. Leaves: petioles 3-7 mm by 2.5-3 mm; lamina elliptic or narrowly so to slightly obovate, 17-28 by 6-11 cm (index 2.4-3.5), chartaceous, mid-brown, occasionally slightly grey above (immature leaves drying black), sparsely covered with mainly erect golden hairs up to 1 mm long or glabrous above, densely so on edge of lamina and on all veins below, base rounded to subcordate, apex acuminate (acumen 5-20 mm long), primary, secondary and tertiary veins sunken in depressions in leaf surface, primary vein 1.5-2 mm wide at widest point, densely covered with mainly erect golden hairs up to 1 mm long above and below, secondary veins 15-20 (intersecondary veins rare), distance between from 6 mm at the base to 16 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein consistently around 60-70°, occasionally branching, forming distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 1-1.5 mm; tertiary veins mostly percurrent. Inflorescences of single, successively produced, flowers, axillary on leafy branches, on leafless branches and produced from the main trunk (then on brachyblasts); peduncles and pedicels sparsely to rather densely covered with mainly erect golden hairs up to 1 mm long, peduncles 17-20 by 1-1.5 mm (in flower), 18-25 by 1.5 mm (in fruit); pedicels up to 120 by 1 mm at the base (in flower), 110-150 by 1.5 mm (in fruit); bracts densely covered with mainly erect golden hairs up to 1 mm long, single lower bract, elliptic to ovate, ca. 2.5 by 1 mm, acute, persistent or falling off; upper bract within central third of pedicel length, elliptic to ovate, 2-3 by 1-2 mm, acute; flower buds depressed ovoid, developing to ovoid before opening; flowers green, maturing to yellow with a basal orange patch on the outside of the outer petals in vivo, golden brown in sicco, outer sides and apical portion of the inner sides of petals and outer sides of sepals densely covered in appressed golden hairs up to 1 mm long, inner sides otherwise glabrous; sepals basally connate, deltate, 5-7 by 6 mm, acute, soon falling off, outer petals broadly ovate, ca. 18 by 15 mm, inner petals ovate, concave, ca. 25 by 12 mm; androecium ca. 5 mm diam., stamens 1-1.5 mm long, connective appendage ca. 0.5 mm wide; gynoecium [ca. 2.5] mm diam., glabrous. Monocarps 8-10, dark brown in sicco, ellipsoid, slightly asymmetrical, ca. 15 by 11 mm, often with an excentric apicule; stipes 14-16 by 1.5 mm; fruiting receptacle 5-6 mm diam., monocarps, stipes and receptacle sparsely to moderately densely covered with erect golden hairs up to 0.2 mm long. Seeds ellipsoid, orange-brown, shallowly pitted, ca.13 by 10 mm, raphe raised, regular.

Distribution.

Ecuador (Morona-Santiago) and Peru (Amazonas).

Habitat and Ecology.

Primary forest, on red clay. At elevations of 300-500 m. Flowering: February and November; fruiting: November and June.

Notes.

Cremastosperma bullatum can easily be distinguished from all other species of Cremastosperma by any one of the number of unique and striking characteristics it displays. The leaf blade has a corrugated (bullate) appearance, both in the field and when pressed, which is due to the deeply sunken nature of the primary, secondary and tertiary venation. The indument present on many of its parts is far longer than in any other species in the genus and, also uniquely in the genus, densely inserted in a halo-like formation around the leaf margin. Other notable characteristics are the unusually long pedicel, the orange colouring of the base of the outer petals of mature flowers, the inner petals considerably longer than the outer petals and the rounded to subcordate shape of the leaf base.

Preliminary conservation status.

Cremastosperma bullatum is known from a small number of locations, within a limited area of northern Peru and adjacent Ecuador outside of protected areas. Endangered [EN] (Table 1 ).

Selected Specimens Examined.

ECUADOR. Morona-Santiago: Región de la Cordillera del Cóndor, 3°05'13"S, 78°04'23"W, 380 m a.s.l., 1 Jun 2006, Wisum & Kajekai 446 (US). PERU. Amazonas: Bagua, Yamayakat, 4°55'S, 78°19'W, 320 m a.s.l., 20 Jan 1996, Jaramillo et al. 942 (MO, U); Bagua, Yamayakat, trail to Putuim, 5°03'09"S, 78°20'58"W, 343 m a.s.l., 22 Nov 2003, Pirie et al. 66 (HAO, U, USM); Bagua, Putuim, 5°01'44"S, 78°22'43"W, 339-359 m a.s.l., 25 Nov 2003, Pirie et al. 94 (AMAZ, CUZ, HAO, HUT, MO, U, USM).

Figures

Map 5. Distribution of Cremastosperma bullatum Pirie; C. cauliflorum R. E. Fr.; C. cenepense Pirie & Zapata; and C. longicuspe R. E. Fr.

Figure 12. Cremastosperma brevipes (DC.) R. E. Fr. a fruiting specimen b flower buds (a Boom 10812 b Prevost 3446).

Figure 13. a-b Cremastosperma brevipes (DC.) R. E. Fr. a flowers (Maas et al. 8064; photo PJMM) b fruit (Mori et al 22721; photo Scott Mori) c-e C. bullatum Pirie c, e Flowering specimen (Pirie et al. 94; photos c MDP e Robin van Velzen) d leaf base showing bullate corrugations of the lamina and long golden indument (Pirie et al. 71; photo: MDP) f, g C. cauliflorum R. E. Fr. Flowering specimens (f Maas et al. 9029, photo PJMM g Chatrou et al. 224, photo LWC) h-j C. dolichocarpum Pirie. Flowering and fruiting specimen (Pedraza et al. 2146; photos: Maria F. Gonzalez).