Splendeuptychia furina (Hewitson, 1862)

Corahua-Espinoza, Thalia, Nakahara, Shinichi, Kabir, Jamal, Shellman, Brooke, Tejeira, Rafael, Ccahuana, Rodrigo & Gallice, Geoffrey, 2022, Immature stages and new host plant records for four satyrine species feeding on herbaceous bamboos in southeastern Peru (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini), Zootaxa 5125 (1), pp. 37-62 : 45-46

Splendeuptychia furina (Hewitson, 1862)

(2020-FLP-IMM-0073; 2021-FLP-IMM-0316, 0467, 0553, 0554, 0556, 0557, 0558)

As indicated in Table 1 , this taxon goes through either four or five larval instars. The description below is based mainly on 2021-FLP-IMM-0554, which passed through five larval instars.

Egg ( Fig. 2 : 1a, b). Spherical, semi-transparent, pearl-like and whitish in color, with polygonal markings covering the surface. Brown irregular short stripes, partially delineating polygonal markings, appearing two days prior to hatching ( Fig.2 : 1a); head capsule visible day prior to hatching ( Fig. 2 : 1b). Diameter: 1.0– 1.1 mm (n=2). Duration: Unknown, hatched 2–3 days (n=4) after collection.

First instar ( Fig. 2 : 2a, b; Fig. 5 : e). Head capsule width: 0.9 mm (n=1). Head capsule appearing black with rectangular scolus, with two rather broad setae (scolus length 0.1 mm (n=1)); three chalazae visible in frontal view, M1, M2, M3, with seta on each of M1-3; five setae on one side of labrum; with stemma 1 and 6 somewhat paler and thus insignificant, stemma 3 largest, closer to stemma 2 than 4. Body integument creamy whitish and semi-transparent, thus influencing dark green (anterior half of abdomen and occasionally thorax) to light green (towards terminal abdominal segments) body color due to gut content; pair of white stripes in subdorsal area; tracheal system barely visible; chaetotaxy not fully discernible based on photographs, primary setae weakly bulbed at apex (sensu Murray (2001)), XD1 and XD2 visible on T1; D1, D2, SD1 and L1 apparently present from T1 to A10 (D1 approximately 1.5 times longer than D2 on A8 and A9); ventral prolegs present on A3 to A6, caudal prolegs present on A10; caudal filaments short (shorter than A 8 in dorsal view). Body length: 4.6–5.5 mm (n=2). Duration: 5–9 days (n=4).

Second instar ( Fig. 2 : 3a, b; Fig. 5 : f). Head capsule width: 1.3 mm (n=1). Head capsule appearing black with numerous secondary setae and “antler-like” bifurcating scolus, entirely blackish, inner fork positioned almost perpendicular to horizontal plane, with seta on both tips (scolus length 0.4 mm (n=1)); seven whitish chalazae visible on lateral side, M1, M2, M3, P1, P2, P3, P4, with primary seta on each of M1-3, and P1, seta on P2 not discernable; six setae on one side of labrum, six stemmata visible, arrangement similar to previous instar. Body dark green; dorsally with white, band-like rows of spots somewhat delineating the mid-dorsal region (more defined from T1 to T3); broad and whitish pair of sub-dorsal stripes, extending towards base of caudal filament, with narrow concolorous lateral stripe present below; spiracles visible as light brownish spots, prominent on T1 and A8; caudal filaments, dorsally pink, shorter than A 8 in dorsal view. Body length: 7.7 mm (n=1). Duration: 4–6 days (n = 4).

Third instar ( Fig. 2 : 4a, b). Head capsule width: 1.6 mm (n=1). Head capsule appearing black with numerous secondary setae; “antler-like” bifurcating scolus, entirely blackish, inner fork positioned almost perpendicular to horizontal plane, with seta on both tips (scolus length 0.6 mm (n=1)); seven whitish chalazae visible on lateral side, M1, M2, M3, P1, P2, P3, P4, with primary seta on each of M1-3; six setae on one side of labrum; six stemmata visible, arrangement similar to previous instar. Body dark green, dorsally with pair of white, narrow, parallel bands delineating the mid-dorsal region; broad and whitish pair of sub-dorsal stripes, extending towards base of caudal filament, with narrow concolorous lateral stripe present below; spiracles visible as light brownish spots, prominent on T1 and A8; caudal filaments, dorsally pink, similar in length to A 8 in dorsal view. Body length: 9.5–11.1 mm (n=2). Duration: 5–7 days (n = 4).

Fourth instar ( Fig. 2 : 5a, b; Fig. 5 : g). Head capsule width: 2.3 mm (n=1). Head capsule appearing olive with numerous secondary setae and “antler-like” bifurcating scolus, appearing orangish, inner fork positioned perpendicular to horizontal plane, appearing darker distally, with seta on both tips (scolus length 0.7 mm (n=1)); seven whitish chalazae (M1-3, P1-4) visible on lateral side, developed compared to previous instar, with primary seta on each of these seven chalazae, as well as on two chalazae posterior of scolus; dark band-like marking visible on frontal part and lateral side of head capsule (as illustrated); six setae on one side of labrum; six stemmata visible, with first and sixth somewhat semi-transparent and thus insignificant, third stemma largest. Body lighter than previous instar; general pattern similar to previous instar except for spiracles appearing whitish. Body length: 19.0– 19.5 mm (n=2). Duration: 6–7 days (n=2).

Fifth (ultimate) instar ( Fig. 2 : 6a, b; 7a, b; Fig. 5 : h). Head capsule width: 2.6 mm (n=1). Head capsule appearing olive with numerous secondary setae and “antler-like” bifurcating scolus, similar to previous instar except for appearing shorter in proportion to head capsule height (scolus length 0.8 mm (n=1)); seven chalazae (M1-3, P1-4) visible on lateral side but appearing orangish compared to previous instar and less developed; six stemmata visible, arrangement similar to previous instar; four setae discernable on one side of labrum with few other small setae, labrum appearing reduced. Body mint green (turns purplish a day prior to pupation, mobile but does not feed; Fig. 2 : 7a, b); general pattern similar to previous instar except for stripes somewhat insignificant by blended into mint green body color except for T1, spiracles appearing creamy orangish. Body length: 25.8–26.0 mm (n=2). Duration: 8–9 days (n=2).

Pupa ( Fig. 2 : 8a, b, c). Body dark chestnut brown and mottled with cream spots; body overall appearing slender with squared ocular caps; small dark brown protuberances present in two rows along dorsal area of abdomen; paired shoulder-like protuberances present on the mesothorax; pale cremaster, short and gradually narrowing towards distal end in posterior view, with rounded pitted sculptures. Body length: 11.6–13.2 mm (n=2). Duration: 11–14 days (n=7).

Host plant ( Fig 4 : 2a–d). Taquara micrantha (Kunth) I.L.C.Oliveira & R.P.Oliveira ( Poaceae : Bambusoideae : Olyreae ).

See corresponding section of previous species for further detail. All the larvae of S. furina collected in 2021 were sampled from Taquara micrantha , and all individuals shared characteristics of absence of pubescence on the abaxial leaf surface (another variation of T. micrantha ).

Based on 2021- FLP-IMM-0554, the individual associated with S. furina was located near a palm swamp, in a small forest area. At the date of collection the plant was 0.4 m tall. The egg was found at a distance of 0.1 m from the ground, on the abaxial surface, proximal to the leaf base, and between the midrib and margin of the leaf.

Figures

FIGURE 2. Life history of Splendeuptychia furina: 1a) egg with brown stripes and mandibles showing through translucence, 1b) head capsule showing through translucence two days prior to hatching; 2a, b) first instar in dorsal and lateral view; 3a, b) second instar in dorsal and lateral view; 4a, b) third instar in dorsal and lateral view; 5a, b) fourth instar in dorsal and lateral view; 6a, b) fifth (ultimate) instar in dorsal and lateral view; 7a, b) ultimate instar exhibiting purple colouration a day prior to pupation, dorsal and lateral view; 8a, b, c) pupa in dorsal, lateral and ventral view; 9a, b) adult in dorsal and ventral view. Figure 2b, 3b are based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0556; otherwise illustrations based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0554.

FIGURE 4. Host plant, two variations of Taquara micrantha. Taquara micrantha with pubescence on the abaxial surface as a host plant for Nhambikuara mima and Paryphthimoides brixius: 1a) leaves; 1b) close-up view of the node and abaxial part showing pubescence; 1c) inflorescence materials; 1d) host plant in situ. Taquara micrantha lacking pubescence for Splendeuptychia furina: 2a) leaves and inflorescence in situ; 2b) close-up view of nodes; 2c) close-up view of abaxial surface showing lack of pubescence; 2d) host plant in situ.

FIGURE 5. Illustrations of head capsules: a, b, c) first, second, and fifth (ultimate) instar of Nhambikuara mima, in frontal view; d) fifth (ultimate) instar of N. mima, lateral view indicating labeled chalazae; e–h) first, second, fourth and fifth instar of Splendeuptychia furina, in frontal view; i, j) third and fifth (ultimate) instar of Paryphthimoides brixius, in frontal view. Figure a, b are based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0538; c, d are based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0489; e, f, g are based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0554; h are based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0316; i, j are based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0395.