Goodangarkia prasina (Karny)

Rentz, Dcf, Su, You Ning, Ueshima, Norihiro & Wilson, Gw, 2016, Studies in Australian Tettigoniidae: A review of the Australian katydids of the genus Goodangarkia (Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae; Agraeciini; Liarina), Zootaxa 4136 (1), pp. 71-100 : 79-98

Goodangarkia prasina (Karny)

Figs. 4 , 5 , 13 A, 14F; Table 1 ; Map 1

Karny, HH. 1911. Verh. der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellsch. Wien 61: 341. Dicranocercus prasinus Redtenbacher 1891

Scytocera prasinus, Ingrisch, 1988

Goodangarkia prasinus, Rentz, 2010 , Zootaxa, 2221: 67.

Lectotype male. Here designated: “Endeavour River, Queensland”. Cooktown is the modern name for Endeavour River. The lectotype has been examined by DCFR and is the specimen illustrated in the Orthoptera Species File: http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:477199.

It is in the Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna.

Type locality. No further information on the collection of the types is known. However, as the records below indicate, the species is common in the Cooktown area.

Differential diagnosis. Male. Head. Figs. Surface of frons relatively smooth; genae uniformly wrinkled; median ocellus minute; occiput irregularly minutely, and sparsely wrinkled; fastigium of vertex short ( Figs. 5 A, C) conical, not or feebly minutely hooked apically; eye ovoid, prominent, positioned high on head; Antenna with scape and pedicel ( Fig. 5 C).

Thorax. Pronotum ( Figs. 5 A, B), surface with cephalic margin feebly indented in the middle, caudal margin truncate; lateral lobe ( Figs. 5 A), much broader than deep; humeral sinus obvious. Prosternum bearing a pair of minute tubercles; mesosternum short, apically acute; metasternum with a hook on the external corner of anterior margin.

Legs. Foreleg with femur spined on both margins of ventral surface ( Fig. 5 A), tibia unspined dorsally, ventral surface with spines on both margins. Middle leg with femur ( Fig. 5 D) armed only ventrally, with 3 spines at base on posterior margin and spined along the entire surface of the anterior margin; tibia unarmed dorsally, ventral surface with a few spines at base of posterior margin, with many more spines along entire anterior margin. Hind leg with femur unarmed on internal margin of ventral surface, external margin around 7 spines. Genicular lobes of all femora bearing a single sharp spine. Fore and middle coxae armed ( Fig. 4 ).

Wings. Tegmina mesopterous ( Figs. 4 ; 5A, F); costa obscured, veins in costal region raised, coalesced; subcosta and radius parallel for their entire lengths. Wing relatively well developed, almost as long as tegmen. Right tegminal stridulatory area ( Fig. 14 F). Stridulatory file short, broadest teeth in the middle ( Fig. 13 A).

Abdomen. Tenth tergite ( Fig. 5 E) with a prominent broad, shallow incision; cercus ( Figs. 5 G, H) lacking dorsally projecting hooks, internal tooth minute, tooth; subgenital plate ( Fig. 5 E) narrowing apically, with Ushaped median incision, style short, robust, much shorter than half the length of median incision. Titillator ( Fig. 5 I) with elongate lateral callouses, apex of arms serrated ventrally.

Female. Body considerably larger ( Table 1 ), more robust than male; head not appreciably more megacephalic. Tegmina similar in length to male. Abdomen with cercus rather robust, directed upwards; subgenital plate short, broad, apex with shallow poorly defined median incision, ovipositor weakly upcurved.

Locality Length Length Width Length Length Length

Body Pronotum Pronotum Hind femur Tegmen Ovipositor Females

Nr Cooktown 27.3 7.1 3.6 16.3 7.2 14.1 Stop 30 26.1 7.1 3.7 16.6 7.1 14.2 Stop 31 31.4 7.5 3.5 18.1 6.8 13.4 Stop 31 32.4 7.6 4.1 17.8 7.8 13.6 Colour. ( Fig. 4 ). Mostly green, eyes brown, ocelli creamish yellow; costal region of tegmen creamish yellow; stridulatory region of male tegmen brownish.

Specimens examined: Queensland: 15o10’S 145o07’E. 3.5 km SW. by S. of Mt Baird, nr Cooktown, 3–5.v.1981 (DCF Rentz, stop 31, Cytol. prep. 81-85, -93, 3 males, ANIC database # 14 0 0 8468, 3 females, secondary growth on burned woodland, 1 female ANIC database # 14 0 0 8467, ANIC). 15o03’S. 145o09’E. 3 km NE. of Mt Webb, nr Cooktown, 1.x.1980 (TA Weir, RE Barrett, 1 female, collected as nymph, matured in laboratory 26.iv.1980, ANIC). 15o17’S, 145o14’S. 3 km NE. by N. of Rounded Hill, nr Cooktown, 5–7.v.1981 (DCF Rentz, stop 33, 3 males feeding at night on acacia flowers, ANIC). 15o17’S. 145o13’E. 1 km N. of Rounded Hill, 5–7.v.1981 (DCF Rentz, stop 32, 1 female, ANIC database # 14 0 0 8469, ANIC). 15o03’S. 145o07’E. 4 km SW. of Casuarina Hill , nr Cooktown, 30.iv–2.v.1981 (DCF Rentz, stop 30, 1 male, 1 female in Pandanus , ANIC database #14 0 0 8466, ANIC). 15o26’S. 145o11’E. Barrett Ck, 9 km NW. of Cooktown (G Milledge, 1 female, ANIC database #14 0 0 8470, ANIC). 15o19’S. 145o01’E. 2.5 km S. of Bald Hills Station, 4.iv.1991 (G Milledge, 1 female, ANIC database #14 0 0 8471, ANIC).

Comments. This is the most aberrant species in the genus. Its small size ( Table 1 ) and robust appearance is not matched by any other. The male cerci are quite different from other members of the genus. When encountered in open, mixed woodland, this species is relatively common.

Goodangarkia dingaali 2 Rentz, Su, Ueshima, Wilson, sp. nov. Figs. 6 A–E; 13B, 14B; Map 1

http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:477310

Holotype male. 1. Lizard Is. NNE of Cooktown, Qld. 21 Nov. 1974 M. S. & B. J. Moulds”. Holotype in Australian Museum, Sydney, NSW

Type locality. No precise information on collection of the holotype.

Differential diagnosis. Only found on Lizard Island. Size large for genus, form very robust (see below).

Male. Head. Strongly megacephalic. Surface of frons uniformly minutely wrinkled; median ocellus small, tear-drop shaped; occiput smooth, not appreciably wrinkled; fastigium short, stout, not appreciably hooked forward, surface not sulcate; eye large, ovoid, bulging. Antennae with scape seated slightly below apex of fastigium.

Thorax. Pronotum with cephalic margin feebly concave, caudal margin truncate; surface of disk irregular and with 2 undulating transverse sulci; lateral lobe broader than deep, slanting caudad. Prosternum bearing a pair of relatively narrow-spaced elongate spikes; mesosternum with triangular lobes, apices acute; metasternum with a forward-projecting tooth on external corner of anterior margin.

Legs. Foreleg with femur with 5 spines on both margins of ventral surface; tibia unarmed on dorsal margin, ventral margin with 6 spines on anterior margin, posterior margin with 7 spines. Middle leg with femur armed ventrally with 5 spines on anterior margin, 1–3 spines on posterior margin; tibia unarmed dorsally, ventral surface armed on anterior margin with 8 spines, posterior margin with 6 spines. Hind leg with femur armed only on external margin of ventral surface with 10 spines. Genicular lobes of all legs bearing a single prominent spine on both sides. Fore coxa bearing a stout spine, middle coxa unarmed.

Wings. Tegmen ( Fig. 6 A) with costa short, feeble, subcosta and radius parallel and close-set to apex of tegmen, separated basally but lacking any perpendicular veins; MA undulating, concave in the middle and bearing perpendicular cross veins.

Abdomen. Tenth tergite with apex gently concave; supra-anal plate, short, broadly triangular, surface sulcate. Cercus ( Figs. 6 B–D) with apical hook stout, directed upward, internal tooth elongate and distinctly bulbate, with ill-defined teeth near apex. Subgenital plate with V-shaped median incision; style well defined but shorter than length of one side of median incision. Titillator ( Fig. 6 E) with main armed spatulate, margins unarmed; basal sclerites with diverging hooks.

Female. Unknown.

Colour. Colour of holotype uniformly straw brown due to initial preservation in alcohol.

Measurements (in mm). Holotype male: length body, 37.9; length pronotum, 9.8; width pronotum, 5.6; length tegmen, 28.7; length hind femur, 22.8.

Calling Song. Calling song unknown for this species.

Comments. This is the largest specimen seen in the entire series of the genus. It joins two other orthopteroid insects distinctive to Lizard Island and environs, the Black-spotted Stick Insect, Austrocarausius nigropunctatus (Kirby) , also found on the adjacent mainland, and the Lizard Island Wingless Cockroach, Cosmozosteria lateralis (Walker) , known only from Lizard Island.

Goodangarkia oedicephala 3 Rentz, Su, Ueshima, Wilson, sp. nov. Figs. 2 A–F; 12A–P; Table 2 ; Map 1

http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:477323 Holotype male. 1. “ 16o06’11.53”S 145o27’13.08”E QLD. Daintree, James Cook University, Rainforest Site, 20–22.i.2014 19m DCF Rentz, B. Richardson Regeneration plots.” 2. “ANIC database No. 14 008494”. Holotype in Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra.

Type locality. The type was collected in a disturbed area of secondary growth with Pandanus and tall grasses. The katydids were associated with the Pandanus .

Differential diagnosis. A large robust species ( Figs. 2 A–F) distinguished by the male cercus and titillators ( Fig. 12 N).

Description. Male. Head. ( Figs. 12 A, C–E). Surface of frons minutely wrinkled, except in median deltoid portion; median ocellus small; occiput minutely, irregularly sulcate, this emphasized by colour; fastigium short, hooked ( Fig. 12 C), surface not sulcate; eye ovoid, not prominent; antennae with scape and pedicel ( Fig. 12 D).

Thorax: Pronotum ( Figs. 12 A–C), surface ( Fig. 12 C), cephalic margin feebly indented in the middle, caudal margin truncate, this emphasised by colour; lateral lobe ( Fig. 12 C) broader than deep. Prosternum bearing a pair of short, slender widely spaced spines; mesosternum with lobes triangulate; metasternum with a hook ( Fig. 12 J) on the external corner of the anterior margin.

Legs. Foreleg with femur ( Fig. 12 F) spined on both margins of ventral surface, tibia ( Fig. 12 F) unspined dorsally, ventral surface with spines on both margins. Middle leg with femur ( Fig. 12 G) armed only ventrally, with a few spines at the base on posterior margin and spined along the entire surface on the anterior margin; tibia unarmed dorsally, ventral surface with a few spines at the base of posterior margin, with many spines along the entire margin of the anterior margin. Hind leg with femur unarmed on internal margin, armed in distal portion on outer margin with a few spines. Genicular lobes of all legs bearing a single spine. Fore and middle coxae bearing a small spine ( Fig. 12 B).

Wings. Tegmen ( Figs. 12 H) costa prominent, curved; subcosta and radius parallel but diverging apically and separated by a few short, perpendicular generally equally spaced veins; MA with a basal division. Right tegminal stridulatory area ( Fig. 14 D) with scraper large, thick, almost at right angles to mirror. Stridulatory file ( Fig. 13 E). Hind wing ( Fig. 12 I).

Abdomen. Tenth tergite ( Fig. 12 K) with a broad, shallow excavation; supra-anal plate elongate, with deep median sulcus. Cercus with hooks positioned upwards; internal tooth dorso-ventrally flattened, short, broad, feebly serrate ( Fig. 12 M). Subgenital plate ( Fig. 12 L) with a broad median incision, styles short, much shorter than the length of one side of median incision. Titillator ( Fig. 12 N) bearing lateral callouses.

Locality Length Length Width Length Length Length

Body Pronotum Pronotum Hind femur Tegmen Ovipositor Females

Paratopotype 35.0 9.0 4.5 19.8 26.8 17.7 Paratopotype 33.1 8.6 4.6 20.8 26.1 16.1 Babinda 33.9 7.9 4.2 17.7 24.3 17.6 Female. Body much larger, more robust than male; head more megacephalic. Tegmina of comparable lengths to male, extending to or slightly beyond tip of abdomen. Abdomen with cerci robust, directed upwards; subgenital plate ( Fig. 12 O). Ovipositor ( Fig. 12 P)

Colour. Overall colour richly green ( Figs. 2 A–E). Legs green to greenish yellow; tarsi contrastingly light to dark brown. Male stridulatory region and dorsal portion of female tegmina dark brown. Caudal margin of pronotum usually dark brown, if not, greenish yellow.

Specimens examined. Paratypes: Queensland: 16o06’11.53”S 145o27’13.08”E James Cook University, Rainforest Site, 11–14.i. 2015, 33m, (DCF Rentz, 1 male, Crane Site, ANIC); same locality, 19.xi.2009, 4.ii.2016 (DCF Rentz, 3, males, 1 female, grassland/ rainforest edge, JCU, ANIC); same locality 20–22.i.2014 (DCF Rentz, 1 female, regeneration plots, ANIC); same locality, 6.x.2015 (DCF Rentz, B Richardson, front gate, 1 male collected as nymph, matured in laboratory 25.xi.2015, ANIC). Cooper Ck., Daintree, 2.v.1970 (GB Monteith, 1 male, UQIC). 16o49’S 145o41’E Smithfield, James Cook University, nr Bldg E2, 15.i.2009 (DCF Rentz, GW Wilson, 3 males, ANIC); same locality, 3.ii.2015 (DCF Rentz, stop 2, 1 male, ANIC). 17o18’S 145o57’E Babinda, Krukow Rd, 25 m, 12.xi.2011, 11.xii.2011 (DCF Rentz, GW Wilson, stop 25, 3 males, 1 female, ANIC); same locality, 16.vi.2013, (DCF Rentz, GW Wilson, stop 18, 1 male, collected as nymph, matured 15.i.2014, ANIC).

Song. The calling song of this species is unknown.

Comments. This species occurs in habitats similar to the other species. It inhabits the weedy vegetation along rainforest margins where it can be found during the day hiding in Pandanus patches or in the axils of tall grasses ( Fig. 1 G). The southerly distribution of the species seems to be the area of Krukow Road, Babinda. Intensive collecting to the south of this locality has failed to yield any specimens. Our colleague, Jack Hasenpusch, has been collecting insects in the Garradunga area, south of Babinda, but has not found G. oedicephala (pers. comm.).

Goodangarkia farrowi 4 Rentz, Su, Ueshima, Wilson, sp. nov. Warraber (Sue) Island Head Squeaker

Figs. 9 A–H; 10A–C;13C; 14C; Table 3 ; Map 1

http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:477385

Holotype male. 1. “ 10.21S 142.482 Sue (Warraber I.) Torres Strait, Qld 23.i.1978 R. C. Lewis. 2. “ ANIC database No. 14 008495”. Holotype in Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra.

Type locality. This species is generally distributed on Warraber Island where it is relatively common.

Differential diagnosis. Among the largest known species in the genus ( Table 3 ).

Male. Head. Megacephalic ( Fig. 9 A). Surface of frons pitted, wrinkled; median ocellus small but prominent; occiput with surface irregular and bearing a pair of divergent, poorly defined sulci extending to anterior margin of pronotum; fastigium of vertex prominent, surface not sulcate and bearing prominent lateral ocelli on each side; eye prominent ( Fig. 9 A; 10A).

Thorax. Surface of pronotum irregular, with two prominent transverse sulci, extending onto lateral lobe; lateral lobe broader than deep. Prosternum bearing a pair of elongate, widely spaced spines; mesosternum cordate, apical outer margin acute; metasternum with prominent spike on cephalic margin, directed laterally, posterior margin produced, subacute.

Legs. Foreleg with 5 stout spines on both margins of ventral surface; tibia unspined dorsally, ventral surface with 6 stout spines on each margin; lateral surface longitudinally sulcate. Middle leg with femur armed ventrally with 1–3 short spines at base on posterior margin, anterior margin armed along entire margin; tibia unarmed dorsally, ventral surface with 9 spines along entire surface of anterior margin, posterior margin with 6 spines concentrated at apex. Hind leg with femur armed only on external margin and there primarily in apical half; tibiae armed dorsally and ventrally on both margins with many stout spines. Genicular lobes of all femora bearing stout spines on each side. Fore and middle coxae armed on anterior margin.

Wings. Tegmen ( Fig. 9 D) with costa well indicated, extending to nearly apical one-third of tegmen; radius bifurcate apically, median with at least one, and often a second small branching vein. Stridulatory area with mirror ovoid, without internal venation. Right stridulatory area ( Fig. 14 C) with 2 similar scrapers, diverging basally. Stridulatory file ( Fig. 13 C).

Abdomen. Tenth tergite with a broad very shallow excavation; supra-anal plate relatively short, broad, with prominent median sulcus. Cercus with hooks positioned upwards, internal tooth dorso-ventrally flattened, serrate along entire internal margin. Subgenital plate ( Fig. 9 B) with narrow, shallow median incision, styles elongate but less than the length of one side of plate. Titillator ( Figs. 9 G, H) rather simple, lacking lateral callouses but with large triangular basal sclerites.

Female. Body much larger than male ( Table 3 ); head more megacephalic. Tegmina extending beyond tip of abdomen to about middle of ovipositor. Abdomen with cerci elongate but thickened, directed upwards. Subgenital plate ( Fig. 9 C) short, broad, about 2x as broad as long, apically broadly concave.

Colour. Colour generally as described for G. oedicephala ( Figs. 10 A–C). Eyes purple; median ocellus yellow ( Fig. 10 B). Mandibles with inner surface shining black ( Fig. 10 B). Tarsi with first segment usually lighter than the others.

Locality Length Length Width Length Length Length

Body Pronotum Pronotum Hind femur Tegmen Ovipositor Specimens examined. Paratypes: Queensland: 10o21’S 142o82’E Sue (Warraber) I., 10.xi.1977, 24.xi.1977, 25.xi.1978, 30.xi.1977, 1.xii.1977, 2.xii.1977, 3.xii.1977, 5.xii.1977, 8.xii.1977, 21.xii.1977, 16.i.1978, 17.i.1978, 18.i.1978, 23.i.1978 (SE Bakker, ED Edwards, J Dowse, RC Lewis, RA Farrow, 6 males, 8 females, ANIC).

Comments. When startled and confronted, this species assumes a threat display ( Figs. 10 B, C) confronting the source of the irritation head-on with mandibles agape. At the same time the “squeaking sound” is produced from an as yet unidentified source apparently emanating from the head. No other known species of Goodangarkia presents such behaviour. Other species when confronted simply move away or drop to the ground.

Goodangarkia platycerca 5 Rentz, Su, Ueshima, Wilson, sp. nov. Goodangarkia ANIC sp. #1

Figs. 1 A, F; 11A–F; 13D; 14E; 17B; Table 4 ; Map 1

http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:477394

Holotype male. 1. “ 11.41S 142.42E GPS 15 km NE by E of Heathlands, Qld. 21 October 1993 D. C. F. Rentz stop CY-47.” 2. “Collected as nymph, matured in laboratory 6 Jan. 1994.” 3. “Song recorded S-854”. 4. “ ANIC database No.14 008496.” Holotype in Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra.

Type locality. The holotype was taken from a stand of Pandanus near the junction of the Capt Billy’s and Bamaga roads.

Differential diagnosis. Male. Head. Surface of frons uniformly wrinkled and pitted; median ocellus moderately large, tear-drop shaped; fastigium short, feebly hooked forward, surface not sulcate; eye ovoid, prominent; antennae with scape and pedicel, scape projecting slightly above tip of fastigium.

Thorax. Pronotum surface minutely wrinkled, less so in the middle, surface with prominent transverse sulcus beyond the middle, more heavily engraved on shoulders; cephalic margin of disk feebly concave in the middle, posterior margin truncate; lateral lobe broader than deep. Prosternum bearing a pair of relatively short, stout spines; mesosternum with lobes broadly triangular, the outer surface of the posterior margin bearing a tooth; metasternum with a hook or tooth directed outward on anterior margin.

Legs. Foreleg with femur spined on both margins of ventral surface with 4–5 spines; tibia unspined dorsally, ventral surface bearing 6 spines on both margins. Middle leg with femur armed only ventrally, with 3 small spines at base of anterior margin and up to 5 larger spines on posterior margin; tibia unarmed dorsally, with 6 spines in apical 2/3 of anterior margin, posterior margin with up to 8 spines along entire length; both sides armed at apex with a much longer spine. Hind leg with femur unarmed on internal margin of ventral surface, external margin with 7, 8 spines mostly in apical half. Genicular lobes of all femora usually bearing a single smooth tooth, although this can be absent from fore or middle femora on one side or the other. Fore and middle coxae bearing a single small spine.

Wings. Tegmen ( Fig. 11 A, B) bearing a short, irregular costa: subcosta and radius parallel, slightly diverging apically and separated by a few oblique and perpendicular veins; MA with basal fork. Right tegminal stridulatory area with scraper very elongate, gently arching ( Fig. 14 E). Stridulatory file ( Fig. 13 D) with most teeth about equal in width.

Abdomen. Tenth tergite with broad, shallow median excavation; supra-anal plate short, broadly triangular, with deep median sulcus, apex blunt. Cercus with short, blunt apex positioned upwards; internal tooth, dorso-ventrally flattened, with teeth along entire surface ( Fig. 11 F). Subgenital plate with median incision shallow, U-shaped; style slightly shorter than length of one side of median incision. Titillator ( Figs. 11 C, D) bearing feebly sclerotized lateral callouses, main arms serrated on margins.

Female. Body slightly larger than male ( Table 4 ). Head slender, not especially prominent or megacephalic. Tegmina extending to or just slightly beyond tip of abdomen to base of ovipositor. Abdomen with cerci slender, directed upwards, apically narrowing; subgenital plate ( Fig. 11 E) short, apex truncate.

Colour. The colour of G. platycerca is much as described for G. oedicephal a except that males have the caudal margin of the pronotum the same colour as the disk. Less than 10% of the specimens of either sex has been found to have a brown band across the pronotal apex. The colour patch at the base of the tegmen is greatly reduced in this species or completely absent.

Song. The calling song is a continuous flickering buzz without breaks unless interrupted by external disturbances ( Fig. 17 B).

Specimens examined. Paratypes: Queensland: 11o45’S 142o35’E, Heathlands, 10.iii.1992 (DCF Rentz, stop 1, ANIC database 14008479, ANIC). 11o41’S. 142o28’E. 15 km NW by W of Heathlands, 17.iii.1992 (DCF. Rentz, stop 17, 5 males, 1 female, ANIC). 11o40’S 142o28’E 16 km NW of Heathlands, 18.iii.1992 (DCF Rentz, stop 19, 5 males, 1 female, ANIC). 11o41’S 142o42’E 15 km NE by N. of Heathlands, 16.iii.1992, specimen reared from eggs laid in laboratory, (DCF Rentz, stop 11, 1 male, 1 male eggs laid -. iv.1992, hatched 6.vii.1992, matured 9.ii.1993, 1 female eggs laid, 15.iv.1992, hatched 8.vii.1992, matured 31.v.1993, 1 female eggs laid 15.iv.1992, hatched 14.vii.1992, matured 5.iv.1993, 1 female eggs laid, 3 females, ANIC). 11o41’ S 142o42’E (GPS) 14 km ENE of Heathlands, 19.ii–20.iii1994 (P Zborowski, 2 males, Malaise trap, ANIC database # 0 0 8477, #14 0 0 8476, ANIC); same locality, date, and collector (1 male, ANIC database # 14 0 0 8475, ANIC). 11o51’S 142o38’E 12 km SSE of Heathlands, 16.ii.1992 (DCF Rentz, stop 12, 1 female collected as nymph, matured 20.ix.1992, ANIC); same locality, 1–21.iii.1992 (P Feehney, Malaise traps 3, 4, closed forest, 2 females, ANIC database #14 0 0 3926, 27, ANIC. 11o40’S 142o43’E 18 km NE by E. of Heathlands 19.iii.1992 (DCF Rentz, stop 20, 3 males, 2 females, ANIC). 11o51’S 142o38’E 12 km SSE of Heathlands, 26.i–1.iii.1992 (P Feehney, 1 female, flight intercept trap, ANIC database 14 0 0 8478, ANIC). 11o49’S 142o40’E (GPS) 12.1. km SE by E. of Heathlands, 21.xi.1993 (DCF Rentz, stop CY-45, 3 females, collected as nymph, matured in laboratory 6.xii.1993, ANIC). 11o40’S 142o38’E 11.7 km NE by N. of Heathlands, 22.iii.1992 (DCF Rentz, stop 22, 1 males, one collected as nymph, matured 27.i.1993, 2 females, ANIC). 11o54’S 142o39’E 17 km SSE. of Heathlands, 16.iii.1992 (DCF Rentz, stop 13, 3 males, ANIC). 11o41’S 142o42’S 15 km NE by E. of Heathlands, (DCF Rentz, stop 23, 1 male, ANIC. 11o49’S 142o30’E Cholmondeley Ck., 11 km SW by W. of Heathlands, 20.iii.1992 (D. C. F. Rentz, stop 9, 11 males, Cytol. preps, 92- 13, -15, -22, 2 females; 1 male, ANIC database 14 0 0 8491, ANIC). 11o46’S 142o41’E 11 km E. of Heathlands, 11.iii.1992 (DCF Rentz, stop 3, 5 males, Cytol. preps. 92-33 -38, Songs recorded S- 780, -789, 1 male ANIC database # 14 0 0 8481, ANIC). 11o49’S 142o30’E 11.7 km SW by W. of Heathlands, 14.iii.1992 (D C F Rentz, stop 7, 1 female, ANIC). 11o43’S 142o42’E 13 km E. by N. of Heathlands, 12.iii.1992 (D. C. F. Rentz, stop 5, 1 male, Cytol. prep. 92-90; song recorded S- 778, 1 male, reared from eggs laid in laboratory on 15.iv.1992, hatched 9.vii.1992, matured 1.iii.1993; 1 male reared from eggs laid in laboratory 15.iv.1992, hatched 16.vi.1992, matured 1.iii.1993, 1 female; 1 female ANIC database #14 0 0 8482, ANIC). 11o43’S 142o28’E Gunshot Ck., 13 km WNW of Heathlands, 18.iii.1992 (DCF Rentz, stop 16, 5 males, ANIC). 11o40’S 142o28’E, Cockatoo Ck., 16.5 km NW of Heathlands, 17.iii.1992 (DCF Rentz, stop 18, 1 male, ANIC). 11o45’S 142o35’E, Heathlands, 15–20.i.1992 (TA Weir, I. D. Naumann, 1 teneral male at light, ANIC. 11o45’S 142o35’E Heathlands, 26.i–29.ii.1992 (P Feehney, Malaise #2 dump, open forest, 1 male, ANIC database #003928, ANIC). 11o50’S 142o30’E 12 km SW of Heathlands, Bertie Crk Crossing, 15–26.i.1992 (ID Naumann, T. A. Weir, 1 male, ANIC database # 14 0 0 8492, ANIC). 11o45’S 142o35’E Heathlands pumphouse, 10.iii.1992 (DCF Rentz, stop 2, 1 male, ANIC database # 14 0 0 8480, ANIC). 11o40’S 143o45’E, Dividing Range, 15 km W. of Capt Billy’s Crk, 5–12.ii.1976 (GB Monteith, ABRS area #2, 1 male, 1 female, QMUS). 10o05.917’S 142o22.187’E Seisia and vicinity, 16.ii.2015 (D. Baume, 2 females, ANIC). Higginsfield airstrip, Bamaga, 30.i–4.ii.1975 (GB Monteith, 2 males, QMUS). Andoom, nr Weipa, 5–8.ii.1975 (GB Monteith, 1 male, QMUS). Lockerbie area, 13–17.iv.1973 (GB Monteith, 1 male, QMUS). 3 km E. of Locherbie, 30.i.–4.ii.1975 (GB Monteith, 1 male, 1 female, QMUS).

Discussion. This species is distinguished by its small size ( Table 4 ) and slender appearance. Males have a distinctly dorso-ventrally flattened internal cercal tooth that is minutely, irregularly serrate on its internal margin.

Captive females in the laboratory laid eggs in dental cotton tubes that hatched approximately 4 months later. Maturation took some 6 months under laboratory conditions. They were reared on the Orthopteran Food Mix.

Goodangarkia brevicerca 6 Rentz, Su, Ueshima, Wilson, sp. nov.

Figs. 1 B–F; 7A–G; 8; 13F; 14A; 16A–D; 17A; Table 5; Map 1

http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:477399

Holotype male. 1. “ 12.42S 143.20E 13km ENE. of Mt. Tozer, nr. Iron Range Nat. Park, Qld. 10 July 1986 D. C. F. Rentz Stop I-18 ” 2. “Collected as nymph, matured in laboratory 1.ix.1986 ”. 3. “D. C. F. Rentz Cytol. prep. 86- 128”. 4. “Song recorded S-437” 5. “ ANIC database No.14 008497.”. Holotype in Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra.

Type locality. The type locality was an area of heath vegetation in rolling hills on gravelly soil. Plants included Xanthorrhoea from which the type was collected ( Fig. 1 C).

Differential diagnosis. Male. Head. Surface of frons uniformly minutely wrinkled and pitted; median ocellus minute, margins poorly defined; fastigium of vertex stout, well indicated, apex hooked forward, surface not sulcate; eye ovoid, prominent; antennae with scape projecting slightly in front of fastigium, scape produced on internal apical margin.

Thorax. Pronotum with surface minutely pitted and wrinkled, shining; surface cut by two transverse sulci, these much more heavily engraved on lateral lobe; cephalic margin of disk feebly concave, caudal margin feebly emarginate; lateral lobe much broader than deep, ventral margin feebly indented in the middle. Prosternum bearing a pair of elongate, relatively closely-spaced, parallel spines; mesosternum cordate, caudal margin strongly acutely produced; metasternum with lobes extremely broad and bearing a hook or tooth directed outward on anterior margin.

Legs. Foreleg with femur spined with 5 stout spines on each side of ventral surface; tibia unspined dorsally, dorsal surface flat, feebly indented, ventral surface bearing 6 spines on both margins. Middle leg with femur armed only ventrally, with 4 small spines at base of anterior margin, posterior margin of with 5 spines; tibia unarmed dorsally, ventral surface with 9 spines along anterior margin, posterior margin with 5 small spines, apex armed on each side with one of the abovementioned spines. Hind leg with femur unarmed on internal margin, external margin with 7 spines positioned in apical two-thirds. Genicular lobes of fore femur armed only at apex of anterior margin; middle and hind femora armed on both sides, the internal knee often bearing a second smaller spine. Fore and middle coxae each bearing an elongate spine.

Wings. Tegmen ( Figs. 7 A, C) with very narrow precostal area; costa poorly indicated, subcosta and radius parallel for nearly their entire lengths, diverging apically; MA feebly indicated, obscure. Right tegminal stridulatory area ( Fig. 14 A) with scraper strongly arching. Stridulatory file ( Fig. 13 F) with teeth relatively narrow, the broadest teeth slightly distad of the middle.

Abdomen. Tenth tergite with broad, somewhat undulating, shallow median incision; supra-anal plate very narrow, usually hidden by tenth tergite, surface deeply sulcate and decurved, apex obtuse. Cercus ( Figs. 7 D, E) very short, robust, apical tooth very short, positioned upwards; internal tooth slightly inflated, with minute teeth on internal margin. Subgenital plate with median incision relatively deeply V-shaped; style elongate but shorter than one side of median incision. Titillator ( Fig. 7 F) with main arms subacute, not armed; ventral sclerites distinctive, each divided into 2 tubercles.

Female. Body slightly larger than male (Table 5). Head not especially megacephalic. Tegmina extending nearly to tip of abdomen. Abdomen with cerci relatively stout, densely hirsute, directed upwards; subgenital plate ( Fig. 7 G) short, surface feebly engraved, apex truncate.

TABLE. 5. Measurements (in mm) of Goodangarkia brevicerca . Localities are notational. See text for full locality data. Locality Length Length Width Length Length Length

Body Pronotum Pronotum Hind femur Tegmen Ovipositor Colour. Colour richly green, especially on head and pronotum; frons green to fronto-clypeal suture, clypeus and labrum straw brown. Tegminal colour ( Figs. 7 A, C). Legs green, except apex of tibiae light brown in most examples; tarsi brown. Ovipositor green at base, brown on both margins. Sides of abdomen green, ventral surface greenish yellow.

Specimens examined. Paratypes: Queensland: Iron Range, 11–17.v.1968 (GB Monteith, 1 male UQIC); same locality, 1–9.vi.1971 (GB Monteith, 1 female, UQIC); same locality, 26–31.v.1971 (GB Monteith, 1 female, UQIC); same locality, 26.v–2.vi.1971 (GB Monteith, 2 females, UQIÇ); same locality, 27.iv–4.v.1973 (GB Monteith, 1 female, QMUS). Gordon’s Mine area, Iron Range, 12–18.ii.1976 (GB Monteith, 1 female, QMUS). 12o44’S 143o13’E 2 km NE Mt Tozer, Iron Range Nat. Pk, 3.vii.1986 (DCF Rentz, stop I-6, 3 males, 2 collected as nymphs, matured 11.i.1987, one hatched from eggs laid in the laboratory, hatched 15.x.1987, matured 10.iv.1988, Cytol. preps. 86-89, 88-260, Song recorded S-650; 1 female, collected as nymph, matured i. iii.1987, ANIC). 12o44’S 143o14’E 3 km ENE of Mt Tozer, Iron Range Nat Pk, 28.vi.–4.vii.1986 (DCF Rentz, stop I-3, 4 females, collected as nymphs, matured 9.ix.1986, 26.ix.1986, 9.xi.1986 and 16.i.1987, ANIC). 12o42’E 143o20’E 13 km ENE of Mt Tozer, 13.vii.1986 (DCF Rentz, stop I-21, 3 males, collected as nymphs, matured 14.i, 20.i.1987, 10.iii.1987, Cytol. preps. 87-6, -13,-15; 4 females, collected as nymphs, matured 24.i.1987, 10., 21.iii.1987, ANIC, 1 female, prey of Olios spider, ANIC database # 14 0 0 8474, ANIC). 12o43’S 143o18’E 11 km ENE of Mt Tozer, 11.vii.1986 (DCF Rentz, stop I-20, pyrethrin fogging, 1 female, same locality and date, 1 male, collected as nymph, matured 1.iii.1987, Cytol. prep. 87-16, ANIC). 12o43’S 143o17’E 9 km ENE of Mt Tozer, Iron Range Nat. Pk, 10.vii.1986 (DCF Rentz stop I-12, 1 female, laid eggs that hatched, ANIC) eggs hatched 15.x.1987, 1 male matured 10.v.1988; Cytol. prep. 88-259; 1 male matured 10.vi.1988 Cytol. prep. 88-232; 1 female matured 18.vi.1988, died 13.vi.1988, ANIC). 12o42’S 143o20’E 13 km ENE of Mt Tozer 10.vii.1986 (DCF Rentz, stop I-18, 1 male (holotype) collected as nymph, matured 1.ix.1986, Cytol. prep. 86-128, Song recorded, S-437 5. “ANIC database No 0084797”; 1 female, ANIC database #008473, ANIC). 12o44’S 143o17’S 8 km by N of Mt Tozer, 7.vii.1986 (DCF Rentz, stop I-14, 2 females collected as nymphs, matured 19.xi.1986, 24.i.1987, 1 female nymph ANIC Database #008472, ANIC). West Claudie River, Portland Roads, Rd, 12.v.2015 (Yeates, Lessard, Meusemann, Su, 1 female, ANIC). 12o49’S 143o20’E 4 km S of Lockhart River (settlement) 10.vii.1986 (DCF Rentz, stop I-17, 1 male, Cytol. prep. 87-3, Song recorded S-446, ANIC). 13o06’S 142o56’E Wenlock River crossing, 17.vii.1986 (DCF Rentz stop I-22, 1 male Cytol. prep. 87-5; 1 female, collected as nymph, matured 25.x.1986, ANIC).

Song. The calling song is a continuous stuttering low sound with short breaks every 15–18 seconds ( Fig. 17 A). Comments. Like other Goodangarkia species, G. brevicerca is common and associated with rainforest margins and grasslands. It has been found hiding in the base of Pandanus during the day. After dark the katydids emerge to forage on a variety of plant and animal material.

G. brevicerca has been reared in the laboratory through 2 generations. This katydid readily consumes the Orthoptera Food Mix and requires some 6–7 months to mature at 25o C.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Goodangarkia habitats. A, Goodangarkia platycerca sp. nov, Heathlands along telegraph line. Dominant trees are Eucalyptus. Katydids were found at night on shrubby vegetation. B, Goodangarkia brevicerca sp. nov., Iron Range, near airport. Katydids found hiding in leaf axils of Pandanus and larger grasses during the day. C, Mt Tozer road. G. brevicerca common at night in and around grasses in foreground. D, Iron Range. G. brevicerca very common in dense vegetation on each side of the road bordering rainforest. E, Iron Range. Many individual G. brevicerca were observed in the axils of the shorter Pandanus plants during the day. There was no evidence that any individuals used the taller plants for shelter. F, mixed forest in the Bamaga, Qld., vicinity. G. platycerca occurs in the deep grasses and around the palms adjacent to the forest. G, G. oedicephala habitats amongst ferns and Nepenthes near Babinda, Qld.

FIGURE 2. Goodangarkia oedicephala and its activities around Nepenthes mirabilis near Babinda, Qld. A, adult male on pitcher. B, adult male approaching mouth of pitcher. Note the hole in the pitcher made by this katydid or another of its species. C, adult male feeding on the seed capsule of the flowering Nepenthes. D, adult male feeding on the secretions around the lip of the pitcher. These exudates are meant to attract smaller insects which eventually fall into the pitcher. E, holes in the pitcher made by the katydids which feed on the contents of the pitcher. F, nymphal katydid hiding within a developing pitcher. It has made the entrance holes. After dark it will emerge and commence its evening activities.

FIGURE 4. Goodangarkia prasina. Adult male.

FIGURE 5. Goodangarkia prasina (Redtenbacher), taxonomic structures. A, lateral view, head, pronotum, tegmina, female and B, dorsal view head, pronotum tegmina male. C, dorsal view head, note fastigium of vertex and antennal scrobes. D, spination of ventral surface of middle femur. E tip of male abdomen, dorsal view. F, male left tegmen. G, male cercus dorsal and H, ventral views. I, titillator, note weak serration.

FIGURE 6. Goodangarkia dingaali sp. nov., holotype male. A, left tegmen. B, left cercus, dorsal view, C, latero-internal and D, ventral views. E, titillator. Note tubercles and reduced armature of apex.

FIGURE 7. Goodangarkia brevicerca sp. nov. A, left tegmen, holotype male. B, left tegmen showing stridulatory region, holotype male. C, left tegmen, male, stop I- 20. D, left male cercus, dorsal view, stop I- 20. E, left male cercus, internal view, stop I- 20. F, titillator, stop I- 20. Note paired tubercles on each side. G, Female subgenital plate, stop I- 20.

FIGURE 9. Goodangarkia farrowi sp. nov. All illustrations of paratopotyes. A, head lateral view. Note fastigium of vertex and lateral ocellus. B, Apex of male abdomen, ventral view showing subgenital plate and juxtaposition of cercus. C, Apex of female abdomen, ventral view showing subgenital plate. D, left male tegmen. Note stridulatory region. E, left male cercus, dorsal view. F, left male cercus, ventral view. G, titillator, dorsal view. H, titillator, dorsal view. Note tubercles.

FIGURE 10. Goodangarkia farrowi sp. nov., A, adult female, lateral view. B, Adult male aggressive stance. C, Adult male aggressive stance and in defensive “ squeaking ”.

FIGURE 11. Goodangarkia platycerca sp. nov., A, male left tegmen, stop 9. B, male left tegmen, Bamaga, Qld. C, titillator, lateral view, right side. Bamaga, Qld. D, titillator, ventral view. Note tubercles and lateral sclerites. Bamaga, Qld. E, subgenital plate, female. Seisia, Qld. F, male cercus, dorsal view.

FIGURE 12. Goodangarkia oedicephala sp. nov. A, dorsal view head, pronotum, stridulatory region of male tegmen. B, lateral view pronotum, tegmen, Note colour and pattern. C, Head, female frontal view. Note texture of frons, median ocellus and fastigium of vertex. D, lateral view head, pronotum, female. E, dorsal view fastigium of vertex. F, left foreleg, female. G, left midleg, female. H, left tegmen, male. I, wing, male. J, meso- and metasternites, female. K, tip of male abdomen, dorsal view. L, male subgenital plate, ventral view. M, male cercus, dorso-internal view. N, titillator. note tubercles and conical projections. O, Minute female subgenital plate, almost hidden by preceding segment. P, ovipositor, lateral view. Note absence of armature.

FIGURE 13. Stridulatory files of Goodangarkia species. A, G. prasina. B, G. dingaali sp. nov. C, G. farrowi sp. nov. D, G. platycerca sp. nov., E, G. oedicephala.

FIGURE 14. Stridulatory region of right male tegmen. A, Goodangarkia brevicerca sp. nov., stop I- 6. B, Goodangarkia dingaali sp. nov., holotype. C, Goodangarkia farrowi sp. nov., paratopotype. D, Goodangarkia oedicephala sp. nov., holotype. E, Goodangarkia platycerca sp. nov., stop 20. F, Goodangarkia prasina, stop 31.

FIGURE 17. Calling songs of Goodangarkia species. Left chirp song; right pulse of the chirp shown on an expanded time scale. A, G. brevicerca, S- 437 recorded at 23 O C. B, G. platycerca, S- 778, recorded at 29 O C.

Tables

TABLE 1. Measurements (in mm) of Goodangarkia prasina. Localities are notational. See text for full locality data.

Holotype1	25.0	7.5	-	15.0	8.0
Males
Stop 31	29.4	7.7	4.0	17.4	7.1
Stop 31	29.8	7.1	4.0	15.5	7.5
Stop 33	30.2	7.7	4.1	16.4	8.7
Stop 33	31.9	7.5	4.0	17.5	8.3
Stop 33	32.3	8.5	4.4	19.2	9.5

TABLE 2. Measurements (in mm) of Goodangarkia oedicephala. Localities are notational. See text for full locality data.

Males
Holotype	32.5	8.5	4.5	19.1	25.8
Paratopotye	30.4	8.2	4.6	19.2	23.5
Cooper Ck	28.5	6.9	4.1	16.3	21.5
Smithfield	30.6	8.0	4.7	17.5	23.3
Smithfield	28.4	7.8	4.5	18.0	22.9
Smithfield	31.7	6.0	4.3	16.0	23.2
Smithfield	34.0	8.1	4.6	17.4	23.1
Babinda	31.9	7.8	4.4	18.0	23.0
Babinda	32.4	7.9	4.3	17.3	22.4
Babinda	29.0	7.8	4.5	17.6	23.6
Babinda	29.5	7.1	4.0	15.4	21.5

TABLE 3. Measurements (in mm) of Goodangarkia farrowi. Localities are notational. See text for full locality data.

Males
Holotype	37.7	9.5	5.1	19.1	28.2
Paratopotype	41.8	8.6	5.0	18.5	26.2
Paratopotype	38.0	8.3	4.8	17.6	25.9
Paratopotype	36.0	8.2	4/7	16.4	25.0
Females
Paratopotype	35.5	8.5	4.7	18.2	27.3	15.7
Paratopotype	34.1	8.2	4.5	17.7	25.6	15.1
Paratopotype	33.1	8.7	4.8	19.9	28.8	14.3
Paratopotype	32.9	8.2	4.8	18.9	28.5	14.0
Paratopotype	33.0	8.7	4.8	18.7	28.6	14.8

TABLE 4. Measurements (in mm) of Goodangarkia platycerca. Localities are notational. See text for full locality data.

Locality	Length	Length Width Length Length	Length
	Body	Pronotum Pronotum Hind femur Tegmen	Ovipositor
Males
Holotype	32.1	6.8 3.7 15.3 20.9
Stop 17	30.8	7.5 4.1 14.7 20.1
Stop 17	31.5	7.5 4.3 15.7 21.5
Stop 17	34.0	7.6 4.0 15.3 20.5
Stop 17	30.5	7.0 3.9 14.2 20.7
Stop 22	22.6	7.0 4.3 15.7 21.2
Stop 22	33.5	7.4 4.1 14.3 21.5
Females
Stop 17	28.5	6.8 3.8 14.9 20.3	14.9
Stop 22	31.5	7.2 4.0 16.5 23.1	13.5
Stop 22	29.4	7.0 4.0 16.1 21.4	13.6
Stop 9	28.3	6.6 3.8 13.8 19.8	13.3