Dryocosmus moriius Tang & Melika, 2016

Tang, Chang-Ti, Miko, Istvan, Nicholls, James A., Schweger, Szabina, Yang, Man-Miao, Stone, Graham N., Sinclair, Frazer, Bozso, Miklos, Melika, George & Penzes, Zsolt, 2016, New Dryocosmus Giraud species associated with Cyclobalanopsis and non- Quercus host plants from the Eastern Palaearctic (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini), Journal of Hymenoptera Research 53, pp. 77-162 : 130-135

Dryocosmus moriius Tang & Melika sp. n. Figures 122-129 , 130-135

Type material.

HOLOTYPE female: TAIWAN: Nantou Co., Mt. Liying, Meifeng, Renai Township, ex Quercus morii , 25.IV.2011 (TWT474), 24°04'49.68"N, 121°10'14.03"E, 2217m, ex small green oval bud gall cover by bud-scales (TWTb13), em. 26.IV.2011, leg. Chang-Ti Tang. PARATYPES: 31 females and 8 males: 3 female paratypes with the same labels as holotype; 2 male and 2 female paratypes: TAIWAN: Nantou Co., Mt. Liying, Meifeng, Renai Township, ex Quercus morii , 25.IV.2011 (TWT474), 24°04'49.68"N, 121°10'14.03"E, 2217m, ex small green oval bud gall cover by bud-scales (TWTb13), em. 27.IV.2011, leg. Chang-Ti Tang; 3 female paratypes: TAIWAN: Nantou Co., Mt. Liying, Meifeng, Renai Township, ex Quercus morii , 25.IV.2011 (TWT474), 24°04'49.68"N, 121°10'14.03"E, 2217m, ex small green oval bud gall cover by bud-scales (TWTb13), em. 28.IV.2011, leg. Chang-Ti Tang; 1 female paratype: TAIWAN: Nantou Co., Mt. Liying, Meifeng, Renai Township, ex Quercus morii , 25.IV.2011 (TWT474), 24°04'49.68"N, 121°10'14.03"E, 2217m, ex small green oval bud gall cover by bud-scales (TWTb13), em. 2.V.2011, leg. Chang-Ti Tang; 1 female paratype: TAIWAN: Nantou Co., Mt. Liying, Meifeng, Renai Township, ex Quercus morii , 25.IV.2011 (TWT474), 24°04'49.68"N, 121°10'14.03"E, 2217 m, ovipositing female on young leaves of host plant, leg. Chang-Ti Tang; 2 male and 1 female paratypes: TAIWAN: Nantou Co., near Cuifeng, Renai Township, ex Quercus morii , 25.IV.2011 (TWT498), 24°06'06.63"N, 121°11'24.47"E, 2285m, ex small green oval bud gall cover by bud-scales (TWTb13), em. 1.V.2011, leg. Chang-Ti Tang; 1 male and 3 female paratypes: TAIWAN: Nantou Co., near Cuifeng, Renai Township, ex Quercus morii , 25.IV.2011 (TWT498), 24°06'06.63"N, 121°11'24.47"E, 2285m, ex small green oval bud gall cover by bud-scales (TWTb13), em. 2.V.2011, leg. Chang-Ti Tang; 1 male and 1 female paratypes: TAIWAN: Nantou Co., near Cuifeng, Renai Township, ex Quercus morii , 25.IV.2011 (TWT498), 24°06'06.63"N, 121°11'24.47"E, 2285m, ex small green oval bud gall cover by bud-scales (TWTb13), em. 3.V.2011, leg. Chang-Ti Tang; 3 female paratypes: TAIWAN: Nantou Co., near Cuifeng, Renai Township, ex Quercus morii , 25.IV.2011 (TWT498), 24°06'06.63"N, 121°11'24.47"E, 2285m, ex small green oval bud gall cover by bud-scales (TWTb13), em. 6.V.2011, leg. Chang-Ti Tang; 2 female paratypes: TAIWAN: Nantou Co., near Cuifeng, Renai Township, ex Quercus morii , 25.IV.2011 (TWT498), 24°06'06.63"N, 121°11'24.47"E, 2285m, ex small green oval bud gall cover by bud-scales (TWTb13), em. 9.V.2011, leg. Chang-Ti Tang; 1 female paratype: TAIWAN: Nantou Co., near Cuifeng, Renai Township, ex Quercus morii , 25.IV.2011 (TWT498), 24°06'06.63"N, 121°11'24.47"E, 2285m, ex small green oval bud gall cover by bud-scales (TWTb13), em. 13.V.2011, leg. Chang-Ti Tang; 1 male and 3 female paratypes: TAIWAN: Nantou Co., near Meifeng, Renai Township, ex Quercus morii , 25.IV.2011 (TWT502), 24°05'19.33"N, 121°10'17.98"E, 2120m, ex small oval grenn bud gall cover by bud-scales (TWTb13), em. 27.IV.2011, leg. Chang-Ti Tang; 1 male and 4 female paratypes: TAIWAN: Nantou Co., near Meifeng, Renai Township, ex Quercus morii , 25.IV.2011 (TWT502), 24°05'19.33"N, 121°10'17.98"E, 2120m, ex small oval grenn bud gall cover by bud-scales (TWTb13), em. 28.IV.2011, leg. Chang-Ti Tang; 2 female paratypes: TAIWAN: Nantou Co., near Meifeng, Renai Township, ex Quercus morii , 25.IV.2011 (TWT502), 24°05'19.33"N, 121°10'17.98"E, 2120m, ex small oval grenn bud gall cover by bud-scales (TWTb13), em. 29.IV.2011, leg. Chang-Ti Tang; 1 female paratype: TAIWAN: Nantou Co., near Meifeng, Renai Township, ex Quercus morii , 25.IV.2011 (TWT502), 24°05'19.33"N, 121°10'17.98"E, 2120m, ex small oval grenn bud gall cover by bud-scales (TWTb13), em. 3.V.2011, leg. Chang-Ti Tang.

The female holotype, 9 female and 2 male paratypes are deposited in NMNS, 9 female and 3 male paratypes in PHMB, 3 female and 1 male paratypes in USNM, 10 female and 2 male paratypes in NCHU.

Etymology.

Named after the host plant, Quercus morii .

Diagnosis.

Dryocosmus moriius is most similar to Dryocosmus sakureiensis , both sharing the presence of a basal lobe on the metatarsal claw.

Dryocosmus sakureiensis : Female antenna with 12 flagellomeres; eye height / malar distance = 2.62; intertorular distance / eye torulus distance = 0.67; radial cell length / radial cell width = 3.43; 2nd metasomal tergite length dorsal view / length of metasoma dorsal view> 0.50; prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium length ventral view / prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium width ventral view = 2.20.

Dryocosmus moriius : Female antenna with 13 flagellomeres, eye height / malar distance = 2.0; intertorular distance / eye torulus distance = 0.36; radial cell length / radial cell width = 4.5; 2nd metasomal tergite length dorsal view / length of metasoma dorsal view = 0.33; prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium length ventral view / prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium width ventral view = 1.3.

Description.

Sexual female: Head color: Head black, except for light brown clypeus; mandibles, maxillary and labial palps yellowish; scape, pedicel, F1-F4 light brown, subsequent flagellomeres progressively darker. Mesosoma and metasoma color: mesosoma black, except for lighter tegula; metasoma dark brown; legs yellowish.

Head sculpture: coriaceous. Head shape anterior view: rounded. Head width / head length: 2.10. Head width / head height: 1.20. Head width / maximum mesosoma width: <1. Gena sculpture: coriaceous. Gena reflectivity: NOT CODED. Gena length / eye width: 0.94. Gena shape: broadened posterior to eye, visible in frontal view. Malar striae count: present. Malar striae dorsal limit: torulus-eye line on lower face and lower eye margin on malar area. Malar area: alutaceous. Malar sulcus: absent. Eye height / malar distance: 2.0. Inner margins of eyes: NOT CODED. Median ocellus shape: NOT CODED. Lateral ocellus shape: NOT CODED. POL / OOL: 1.20. OOL / diameter of lateral ocellus: 2.45. OOL / LOL: 1.97. Diameter of lateral ocellus / diameter of median ocellus: 1. Transfacial distance / eye height: 1.30. Diameter of torulus / intertorular distance: 1.72. Intertorular distance / eye torulus distance: 0.4. Eye-torulus distance / diameter of torulus: 1.25. Lower face sculpture: NOT CODED. Lower face pilosity color: NOT CODED. Lower face pilosity density: NOT CODED. Clypeus convexity: NOT CODED. Clypeus sculpture: NOT CODED. Clypeus ventral margin shape: straight. Clypeus reflectivity: matt. Clypeus shape anterior view: rectangular. Clypeus pilosity: NOT CODED. Clypeus pilosity density: NOT CODED. Clypeus pilosity color: NOT CODED. Anterior tentorial pit: small, indistinct. Epistomal sulcus: indistinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal line: indistinct. Frons sculpture: alutaceous. Frons pilosity density: rare. Frons reflectivity: NOT CODED. Frons pilosity color: white. Impression around central ocellus: present. Interocellar area sculpture: alutaceous. Interocellar area pilosity density: rare. Interocellar area reflectivity: glossy. Interocellar area pilosity color: white. Vertex sculpture: alutaceous. Vertex pilosity density: rare. Vertex reflectivity: glossy. Vertex pilosity color: white. Occiput sculpture: alutaceous. Occiput pilosity density: rare. Occiput reflectivity: glossy. Occiput pilosity color: white. Postocciput sculpture: smooth. Postocciput reflectivity: glossy. Postocciput pilosity: present. Postocciput pilosity density: rare. Postocciput pilosity color: white. Median impression of postocciput dorsal to occipital foramen: present. Posterior tentorial pit: distinct, ovate, deep. Impression abjacent ventrally to posterior tentorial pit: absent. Postgena sculpture: alutaceous. Postgena reflectivity: glossy. Postgena pilosity color: white. Postgena pilosity density: NOT CODED. Postgena pilosity count: absent medially, present laterally. Postgenal bridge / height of occipital foramen: 1. Postgenal bridge / length of oral foramen: <1. Postgenal bridge sculpture: NOT CODED. Number of flagellomeres (female): 13. Antenna length / body length: <1. Pedicel length / pedicel width: longer than wide. Pedicel length / length of broadened part of scape: 1.08. Combined length of scape and pedicel / first flagellomere length: NOT CODED. F1 length / F2 length: 1.1. F1 length / pedicel length: 2.1. F1 length / F3 length: NOT CODED. Flagellomeres relative length: F2-F8 progressively shorter. F4-F7 relative length: NOT CODED. F3 length/F2 length: NOT CODED. F 3 length / F4 length: NOT CODED. F8 length / F7 length: NOT CODED. F9 length /F8 length: 1.30. F10 length / F9 length: >1. F9-F11 relative length: NOT CODED. F10 length / F11 length: 1.00. F12 length / F11 length: 0.9. F13 length / F12 length: NOT CODED. Placoid sensilla present on: F3-F13.

Mesosoma length lateral view / mesosoma height lateral view: 1.14. Pronotum sculpture: alutaceous with some rugae laterally. Pronotal dorsal row of setae count: present. Transverse pronotal sulcus depth: deep. Transverse pronotal sulcus sculpture: foevolate. Mesoscutum sculpture: smooth. Mesoscutum reflectivity: glossy. Adnotaular setae: present. Mesoscutum length / transscutal line: 1.35. Notaulus limits: well-impressed, posterior end adjacent to posterior margin of mesoscutum, anterior end adjacent to anterior margin of mesoscutum. Notaulus sculpture: smooth. Notaulus posterior region width / anterior region width: NOT CODED. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus anterior end vs notaulus anterior end: NOT CODED. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus sculpture: NOT CODED. Median mesoscutal line: present. Median mesoscutal line shape: triangular. Parapsidal line: absent. Parapsidal line distinctness: NOT CODED. Anteroadmedian line: absent. Antero-admedian line length / mesoscutum median length: NOT CODED. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae): rugose medially, foveolate laterally and posteriorly. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) shape: trapezoid. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) pilosity color: white. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) pilosity density: rare. Mesoscutellar axillar complex posterior margin vs metanotum: overhanging. Mesoscutellar-axillar complex length / mesoscutellar disc width: >1. Disc of mesoscutellum sculpture: rugose. Disc of mesoscutellum maximum width: in posterior 1/4th. Scutellar fovea sculpture: smooth without longitudinal rugae. Scutellar fovea shape: transversely ovate. Scutellar fovea reflectivity: glossy. Foveal septum: narrow. Anterior pits on foveal septum: NOT CODED. Scutellar fovea maximum diameter / scutellar fovea minimum diameter: 2.25. Scutellar fovea minimum diameter / foveal septum width: NOT CODED. Postacetabular suclus count: NOT CODED. Mesopleuron sculpture: coriaceous, striae marking transepisternal line absent. Mesopleuron reflectivity: matt. Mesopleuron pilosity: dense setae present just ventral to transepisternal line. Speculum sculpture: smooth. Speculum reflectivity: glossy. Mesopleural triangle sculpture: rugose. Mesopleural triangle reflectivity: NOT CODED. Mesopleural triangle pilosity: present. Mesopleural triangle pilosity color: NOT CODED. Mesopleural trinagle pilosity density: rare. Dorsoaxillar area sculpture: smooth. Dorsoaxillar area reflectivity: glossy. Dorsoaxillar area pilosity color: white. Dorsoaxillar area pilosity density: rare. Lateroaxillar area sculpture: smooth. Lateroaxillar area reflectivity: glossy. Lateroaxillar area pilosity density: rare. Lateroaxillar area pilosity color: white. Subaxillular bar sculpture: smooth. Subaxillular bar reflectivity: glossy. Posterior height of subaxillular bar / height of metanotal trough: 1. Metapleural sulcus anterior end: reaches mesometapleural suture slightly ventrally of its mid-height. Metascutellum sculpture: coriaceous. Metanotal trough sculpture: smooth. Metanotal trough reflectivity: glossy. Metanotal trough pilosity: NOT CODED. Metanotal trough pilosity density: NOT CODED. Ventral impressed area of metanotum sculpture: smooth without striae. Metascutellum height / ventral impressed area of metanotum height: 1. Central propodeal area sculpture: rugose. Central propodeal area reflectivity: NOT CODED. Lateral propodeal carina shape: broad, high, slightly curved laterally in mid-height. Lateral propodeal area sculpture: rugose . Lateral propodeal area pilosity: present. Lateral propodeal area pilosity color: NOT CODED. Lateral propodeal area pilosity density: rare. Nucha sculpture: with delicate longitudinal rugae dorsally and laterally. Radial cell length / radial cell width: 4.5. Rs+M vs basalis: reaches basalis in lower half of its height. Rs+M color: dark brown. Areolet: large, triangular, conspicuous. Marginal cilia: long. Rs distal end vs wing margin: adjacent to wing margin. R1 distal end vs wing margin: adjacent to wing margin. Basal lobe on metatarsal claw: present. Basal lobe on tarsal claw shape: blunt.

Metasoma length / head+mesosoma length: <1. Metasoma lateral height / metasoma lateral length: <1. 2nd metasomal tergite length dorsal view / length of metasoma dorsal view: 1/3. Second metasomal tergite pilosity: NOT CODED. Second metasomal tergite sculpture: smooth. Second metasomal tergite reflectivity: glossy. Second metasomal tergite pilosity density: NOT CODED. Metasomal tergites 3-6 sculpture: smooth, micropunctate. Metasomal tergites 3-6 reflectivity: glossy. Metasomal tergites 3-6 pilosity: absent. Prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium length ventral view / Prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium width ventral view: 1.30. Hypopygial setae apical end: extending beyond posterior end of ventral spine of hypopygium.

Body length: 2.60-2.80 mm (n=5).

Male: Similar to female. Color: Head and mesosoma black, metasoma dark brown, antenna light brown to dark brown. Eye size vs female eye size: eye larger in male. Anterior tentorial pit size: large, distinct. Diameter of torulus / intertorular distance: NOT CODED. Diameter of lateral ocellus vs diameter of female lateral ocellus: NOT CODED. Flagellomeres count: 13. Antenna length / body length: >1. F1 shape: F1 curved and broadened apically. F1 length / F2 length: 0.94. Flagellomeres relative length: F2>F3>F4>F5>F6>F9>F10>F11>F12. F13 length / F12 length: 1.2. Placoid sensilla present on: F2-F13. Body length: 2.6-2.8 mm (n=4).

Gall (Figs 134-135 ): The gall closely resembles the sexual galls of Dryocosmus sakureiensis . The gall is unilocular, ovate, 2.8-3.4 mm long and 1.8-2.1 mm wide (n=5). Galls are at the base of young shoots, usually by bud scales. Galls are green and yellowish white in the central area.

Biology.

Only the sexual generation is known. Galls are induced on young shoots on Quercus morii . Galls were collected in April and adults emerged from galls under laboratory conditions immediately after field collection.

Distribution.

Taiwan: Renai Township, Nantou County. Quercus morii is endemic to Taiwan, suggesting that Dryocosmus morii is also endemic to Taiwan.

Figures

Figures 122 - 129. Dryocosmus moriius sp. n. 122 - 124 head, female: 122 frontal view 123 dorsal view 124 posterior view 125 head, frontal view, male 126 - 127 antenna: 126 female 127 male 128 - 129 female: 128 mesosoma, dorsal view 129 fore wing, part, female (rad = radial cell).

Figures 130 - 135. Dryocosmus moriius sp. n. 130 mesosoma, female, lateral view 131 metascutellum and propodeum, female, posterodorsal view 132 - 133 metasoma, lateral view: 132 female 133 male 134 - 135 galls (photos by C. - T. Tang) (vsh = ventral spine of hypopygium).