Scorpionidae Latreille, 1802
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Scorpionidae Latreille, 1802 |
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Family Scorpionidae Latreille, 1802 View in CoL
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Scorpionides Latreille, 1802: 46 , 47 (part), type genus: Scorpio Linnaeus, 1758 View in CoL ; 1804: 110 (part); 1806: 130 (part); 1810: 116, 118 (part); Leach, 1814: 412; 1815: 390; Sundevall, 1833: 29 (part).
Scorpiones View in CoL : Ehrenberg in Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1828, pl. I, figs. 1, 2 (family, part).
Buthides: C.L. Koch, 1837: 36, 37 (part).
Centrurides C.L. Koch, 1837: 38 (part), type genus: Centrurus Ehrenberg, 1829
[= Heterometrus Ehrenberg, 1828 ].
Pandinoidae Thorell, 1876a: 11 (part), type genus: Pandinus Thorell, 1876 ; 1876b: 83 (part); Karsch, 1879a: 19 (part); Thorell and Lindström, 1885: 25 (part).
Heterometridae Simon, 1879: 92, 115, type genus: Heterometrus Ehrenberg, 1828 (part) [= Scorpio Linnaeus, 1758 ].
Scorpionidae View in CoL : Lankester, 1885: 379 (part); Pocock, 1893: 305, 306 (part); Kraepelin, 1894: 8 (part); Laurie, 1896b: 128 (part); Kraepelin, 1899: 96 (part); Pocock, 1900a: 11, 84; Kraepelin, 1901: 270 (part); 1905: 343 (part); 1913: 165; Birula, 1917a: 161 (part); 1917b: 58, 59 (part); Kopstein, 1921: 128; Pavlovsky, 1924a: 78 (part); 1925: 190, 191, 195 (part); Kopstein, 1926: 111; Fage, 1933: 27; Werner, 1934: 275 (part); Fage, 1936: 179, 181; Kästner, 1941: 232 (part); Fage, 1946: 73; Millot and Vachon, 1949: 428 (part); Petrunkevitch, 1955: 75; Bücherl, 1964: 59 (part); 1967: 114 (part); Tikader, 1973: 263; Stahnke, 1974: 339 (part); L.E. Koch, 1977: 159 (part); Lamoral, 1980: 440 (part); Levy and Amitai, 1980: 102 (part); Couzijn, 1981: 4, 5, 20; Francke, 1982: 75 (part); Tikader and Bastawade, 1983: 2, 3, 27, 32, 517, 518, fig. 45; Biswas, 1984: 318, 320, 321; Francke, 1985: 18; Lourenço, 1989: 161, 174; Sissom, 1990: 131; Nenilin and Fet, 1992: 5 (part); Kovařík, 1997: 183; 1998: 136; Lourenço, 1999: 929 (part); Fet, 2000: 427, 428 (part); Lourenço, 2000: 25; Prendini, 2000a: 34, 35, 39, 44; Indra, 2001: 55, 56; Bastawade, 2002: 295; Lourenço and Huber, 2002: 273; Kovařík, 2003: 136, table 1; Prendini et al., 2003: 185–189, 192–194, 206, 209, 210, 212, 217, 220, 223, 226, 230, 235, 250, 252–259, tables 1, 3, 4, 6, figs. 1–3, 8, appendices 1, 2; Soleglad and Fet, 2003a: 1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 29, 56, 58, 59, 61, 67, 71, 75, 84, 86, 88, 111–117, 119–121, 138, 139, 141, 145, 148, tables 1, 9, 11, figs. 114, 126, appendices A, B (part); 2003b: 2, 5, 8, 18, 25, 31, table 1, figs. 5, 22; Bastawade, 2004: 286, 290; Bastawade et al., 2004: 43, 44, 47, 49, 56, 57, figs. 6, 10; Bastawade, 2005: 411, 417; Fet and Soleglad, 2005: 9, 13 (part); Prendini, 2005: 28, 29, 32–36, tables 1, 2, figs. 1, 2; Prendini and Wheeler, 2005: 447, 448, 449, 471, 477, 481, 482, 491, tables 2, 10, appendix 1; Soleglad et al., 2005: 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 14–17, 19, 20, 21, 23–26, 28–30, 32, 33–35, tables 1, 4, 6, figs. 37–39, 68–70, 72–74 (part); Thulsi Rao et al., 2005: 3, 8; Bastawade, 2006a: 131; Indra, 2006: 197, 199; Sureshan et al., 2007a: 2903, 2905; 2007b: 49, 52; Wirkner and Prendini, 2007: 402; Bastawade, 2008: 133, 136; Bastawade and Borkar, 2008: 212, 215, 218; Kamenz and Prendini, 2008: 6, 31, 33, table 1; Prendini and Bird, 2008: 77; Volschenk and Prendini, 2008: 242, 249; Volschenk et al., 2008: 653, 656, 669; Bastawade, 2009: 215, 219; Indra, 2009: 141; Kovařík, 2009: 6, 14, 15, 17, 18, 27, 28, 33 (part), fig. 8, pl. J;
Bastawade, D. B. 2002. Scorpion diversity. In A. P Jagtap and N. P. Singh (editors), Biodiversity of the Western Ghats of Maharashtra. Current Knowledge: 94, 95, 294 - 296. Dehra Dun: Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh.
Bastawade, D. B., P. M. Sureshan, and C. Radhakrishnan. 2004. An illustrated key to the identification of scorpions (Scorpionida: Arachnida) of Kerala and notes on some interesting new records. Records of the Zoological Survey of India 103: 43 - 58.
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Karsch, F. 1879 a. Skorpionologische Beitrage. Part I. Mitteilungen des Munchener Entomologischen Vereins 3: 6 - 22.
Kastner, A. 1941. 1. Ordnung der Arachnida: Scorpiones. In T. Krumbach (editor), Handbuch der Zoologie 3: 117 - 240. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter Verlag.
Koch, C. L. 1837. Die Arachniden. Nurnberg: C. H. Zeh'sche Buchhandlung 4 (1 - 5): 1 - 108, pl. 119 - 138 (figs. 253 - 318).
Koch, L. E. 1977. The taxonomy, geographic distribution and evolutionary radiation of Australo-Papuan scorpions. Records of the Western Australian Museum 5: 83 - 367.
Kopstein, F. 1921. Die Skorpione des Indo-Australischen Archipels. Mit Grundlage der in hollandischen Sammlungen, vornahmlich des Rijks-Museums in Leiden, vorhandenen Arten. Zoologische Mededeelingen 6: 115 - 144.
Kopstein, F. 1926. De Schorpioenen van Java. De Troopischer Natuur 15: 109 - 118.
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Kovarik, F. 2009. Illustrated catalog of scorpions. Part 1. Introductory remarks; keys to families and genera; subfamily Scorpioninae with keys to Heterometrus and Pandinus species. Prague: Clarion Production. 170 pp.
Kraepelin, K. 1894. Revision der Skorpione. II. Scorpionidae und Bothriuridae. Beiheft zum Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten 11: 1 - 248.
Kraepelin, K. 1899. Scorpiones und Pedipalpi. In F. Dahl (editor), Das Tierreich, 8 (Arachnoidea): 1 - 265. Herausgegeben von der Deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft. Berlin: R. Friedlander und Sohn Verlag.
Kraepelin, K. 1901. Catalogue des scorpions des collections du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 7: 265 - 274.
Lamoral, B. H. 1980. A reappraisal of the suprageneric classification of Recent scorpions and their zoogeography. In J. Grube (editor), Verhandlungen. 8. Internationaler Arachnologen-Kongress abgehalten an der Universitat fur Bodenkultur Wien, 7 - 12 Juli, 1980: 439 - 444. Vienna: H. Egermann.
Lankester, E. R. 1885. Notes on certain points of the anatomy of generic characters of scorpions. Transactions of the Zoological Society, London 11: 372 - 384.
Latreille, P. A. 1802 ( An X ). Histoire naturelle, generale et particuliere, des crustaces et des insectes. 3. (Ouvrage faisant suite a l'histoire naturelle generale et particuliere, composee par Leclerc de Buffon, et redigee par C. S. Sonnini.) Paris: F. Dufart.
Laurie, M. 1896 b. Further notes on the anatomy and development of scorpions, and their bearing on the classification of the order. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Ser. 6) 17: 121 - 133.
Levy, G., and P. Amitai. 1980. Fauna Palaestina. Arachnida. I. Scorpiones. Jerusalem: Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities.
Linnaeus, C. (C. von Linne). 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, loci. Ed. 10. 1: 1 - 821. [Scorpiones: pp. 624, 625.] Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii.
Lourenco, W. R. 1989. Retablissement de la famille des Ischnuridae, distincte des Scorpionidae Pocock, 1893, a partir de la sous-famille des Ischnurinae, Pocock, 1893. Revue Arachnologique 8: 159 - 177.
Lourenco, W. R. 1999. Considerations taxonomiques sur le genre Hadogenes Kraepelin, 1894; creation de la sous-famille des Hadogeninae n. subfam., et description d'une espece nouvelle pour l'Angola (Scorpiones, Scorpionidae, Hadogeninae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie 106: 929 - 938.
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FIGURE 1. Map of South Asia, plotting known locality records of Chersonesometrus Couzijn, 1978, stat. nov. et stat. rev., based on material examined, and verified records from virtual museums and the literature.
FIGURE 2. Map of South Asia, plotting known locality records Gigantometrus Couzijn, 1978, stat. nov., based on material examined, and verified records from virtual museums and the literature.
FIGURE 3. Map of South Asia, plotting known locality records of Deccanometrus, gen. nov., based on material examined, and verified records from virtual museums and the literature.
FIGURE 4. Map of South India and Sri Lanka, plotting known locality records of Sahyadrimetrus, gen. nov., and Srilankametrus Couzijn, 1981, stat. nov. et stat. rev., based on material examined, and verified records from virtual museums and the literature.
FIGURE 5. Map of Southeast Asia, plotting known locality records of all species of Heterometrus Ehrenberg, 1828, based on material examined, and verified records from virtual museums and the literature.
FIGURE 6. Map of Southeast Asia, plotting known locality records of Javanimetrus cyaneus (C.L. Koch, 1836), comb. nov., based on material examined, and verified records from virtual museums and the literature.
FIGURE 15. Chersonesometrus Couzijn, 1978, stat. nov. et stat. rev., carapace, dorsal aspect. A, B. Chersonesometrus beccaloniae (Kovařík, 2004), comb. nov., A. ♂ (ZMH), Ootacalum, India, B. ♀ (AMNH), Yelagiri Hills, India.C, D. Chersonesometrus pelekomanus (Couzijn, 1981), comb. nov. et stat. rev., C. holotype ♂ (SMF RII/1088/19), D. paratype ♀ (SMF RII/329). E, F. Chersonesometrus tristis (Henderson, 1919), comb. nov. E. ♂ (AMNH), Ithepalli, India, F.♀ (AMNH), Maddur, India. Scale bars = 2 mm.
FIGURE 16. Chersonesometrus Couzijn, 1978, stat. nov. et stat. rev., carapace, dorsal aspect. A. Chersonesometrus bastawadei, sp. nov., holotype ♀ (AMNH), Naganath Temple, India. B. Chersonesometrus wroughtoni (Pocock, 1899), comb. nov., paralectotype ♀ (BMNH 1897.9.17.1-4, 11, 20). C, D. Chersonesometrus shivashankari, sp. nov., C. holotype ♂ (BMNH), Bellahunsi, India, D. paratype ♀ (BMNH), Hampasagar, India. E. Chersonesometrus nathanorum, sp. nov., subad. ♂ holotype (MNHN RS 3145). F. Chersonesometrus hendersoni, sp. nov., holotype ♀ (AMNH), Sanapura, India. Scale bars = 2 mm.
FIGURE 17. Chersonesometrus Couzijn, 1978, stat. nov. et stat. rev., carapace, dorsal aspect. A, B. Chersonesometrus fulvipes (C.L. Koch, 1837), comb. nov., A. ♂, B. ♀ (AMNH), Khambatki Ghat, India. C, D. Chersonesometrus madraspatensis (Pocock, 1900), comb. nov., C. ♂ (CAS 9071142), D. ♀ (CAS 9071143). Scale bars = 2 mm.
FIGURE 18. Gigantometrus Couzijn, 1978, stat. nov., carapace, dorsal aspect. A, B. Gigantometrus swammerdami (Simon, 1872), comb. nov., A. lectotype ♂ (Palamnaeus swammerdami flavimanus Pocock, 1900, syn. nov.) (BMNH 1899.11.2.292-3),B. ♀ (FMNH 086 257). C, D. Gigantometrus titanicus (Couzijn, 1981), comb. nov. et stat. rev., C. ♂, D. ♀ (AMNH), Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka.
FIGURE 19. Deccanometrus, gen. nov., carapace, dorsal aspect. A, B. Deccanometrus bengalensis (C.L. Koch, 1841), comb. nov., A. ♂ (BMNH 1913.1.6.3), B. ♀ (BMNH 1896.8.15.4). C, D. Deccanometrus obscurus (Couzijn, 1981), comb. et stat. nov., C. ♂, D. ♀ (AMNH), Bhimashankar, India. E, F. Deccanometrus phipsoni (Pocock, 1893), comb. nov., E. ♂, F. ♀ (MNHN RS 0080). Scale bars = 2 mm.
FIGURE 20. Deccanometrus, gen. nov., carapace, dorsal aspect. A, B. Deccanometrus latimanus (Pocock, 1894), comb. nov., A. ♂ (AMNH), Charbagh, Pakistan, B. ♀ (AMNH), Daggar, Pakistan. C, D. Deccanometrus xanthopus (Pocock, 1897), comb. nov., C. lectotype ♂ (BMNH 1896.9.26.88-91), D. ♀ (AMNH), Khambatki Ghat, India. Scale bars = 2 mm.
FIGURE 21. Deccanometrus, gen. nov., carapace, dorsal aspect. A, B. Deccanometrus ubicki (Kovařík, 2004), comb. nov., A. paratype ♂ (CAS 9071136), B. paratype ♀ (CAS 9071135). C. Deccanometrus liurus (Pocock, 1897), comb. nov., paralectotype ♀ (BMNH 1896.12.15.20-25). Scale bars = 2 mm.
FIGURE 22. Heterometrus Ehrenberg, 1828, carapace, dorsal aspect. A, B. Heterometrus glaucus (Thorell, 1876), comb. nov. et stat. rev.,A. ♂ (ZMH 3966), B. ♀ (AMNH), Nias Island, Indonesia. C, D. Heterometrus longimanus (Herbst, 1800), C. ♂, D. ♀ (AMNH), Kuching, Malaysia. E, F. Heterometrus thorellii (Pocock, 1892), E. ♂ (AMNH), Mandalay, Myanmar, F. ♀ (AMNH), Pho Kyar Elephant Camp, Yedashe, Myanmar. Scale bars = 2 mm.
FIGURE 23. Heterometrus Ehrenberg, 1828, carapace, dorsal aspect. A, B. Heterometrus laevigatus (Thorell, 1876), comb. nov. et stat. rev., A. ♂ (AMNH), Thale Ban, Thailand, B. ♀ (AMNH), Khao Pu-Khao Ya, Thailand. C, D. Heterometrus spinifer (Ehrenberg, 1828), C. ♂ (AMNH), D. ♀ (AMNH), Cameron Highlands, Malaysia. Scale bars = 2 mm.
FIGURE 24. Heterometrus Ehrenberg, 1828, carapace, dorsal aspect. A, B. Heterometrus laoticus Couzijn, 1981, A. ♂ (AMNH), Phahom Camp, Laos, B. ♀ (AMNH), Tham Pha In, Laos. C, D. Heterometrus silenus (Simon, 1884), comb. nov. et stat. rev.C. ♂, D. ♀ (AMNH), Ta Kou Mountain Nature Reserve, Vietnam. Scale bars = 2 mm.
FIGURE 25. A, B. Javanimetrus Couzijn, 1981, stat. nov. et stat. rev., and C–F. Sahyadrimetrus, gen. nov., carapace, dorsal aspect. A, B. Javanimetrus cyaneus (Simon, 1872), comb. nov., A. ♂, B. ♀ (AMNH), Ujung Kulon, Indonesia. C. Sahyadrimetrus barberi (Pocock, 1900), comb. nov., holotype ♀ (BMNH 1899.9.24.1). D. Sahyadrimetrus rugosus (Couzijn, 1981), comb. et stat. nov., ♀ (AMNH), Chaliyar River, India. E, F. Sahyadrimetrus tikaderi, gen. et sp. nov., E. holotype ♂, F.paratype ♀ (MNHN RS 3265). Scale bars = 2 mm.
FIGURE 26. Sahyadrimetrus, gen. nov., carapace, dorsal aspect. A, B. Sahyadrimetrus kanarensis (Pocock, 1900), comb. nov., A. ♂, B. ♀ (AMNH), Chaudi, India. C, D. Sahyadrimetrus mathewi, gen. et sp. nov., C. holotype ♂, D. paratype ♀ (AMNH), Poomala, India. E, F. Sahyadrimetrus scaber (Thorell, 1876), comb. nov., E. ♂ (AMNH), Nadpalu, India, F.♀ (AMNH), Sitha River, India. Scale bars = 2 mm.
FIGURE 27. Srilankametrus Couzijn, 1981, stat. nov. et stat. rev., carapace, dorsal aspect. A, B. Srilankametrus caesar (C.L. Koch, 1841), comb. nov. et stat. rev., A. ♂, B. ♀ (MNHN RS 0079). C, D. Srilankametrus couzijni, sp. nov., C. holotype ♂ (BMNH 1896.7.30.121), D. paratype ♂ (SMF 5332/1). E, F. Srilankametrus gravimanus (Pocock, 1894), comb. nov., E. ♂, F. ♀ (AMNH), Kokmotte, Sri Lanka. Scale bars = 2 mm.
FIGURE 28. Srilankametrus Couzijn, 1981, stat. nov. et stat. rev., carapace, dorsal aspect. A, B. Srilankametrus indus (DeGeer, 1778), comb. nov., A. ♂, B. ♀ (AMNH), Kandy, Sri Lanka. C, E, F. Srilankametrus serratus (Pocock, 1900), comb. nov., C. holotype ♂ (BMNH 1888.55), E. ♂ (FMNH 086 916), F. ♀ (ZMH), Ceylon [Sri Lanka]. D. Srilankametrus pococki, sp. nov., holotype ♀ (AMNH), Kodigala, Sri Lanka. Scale bars = 2 mm.
FIGURE 29. Chersonesometrus Couzijn, 1978, stat. nov. et stat. rev., sternum and pectines, ventral aspect. A, B. Chersonesometrus beccaloniae (Kovařík, 2004), comb. nov., A. ♂ (ZMH), Ootacalum, India, B. ♀ (AMNH), Yelagiri Hills, India. C, D. Chersonesometrus pelekomanus (Couzijn, 1981), comb. nov., C. holotype ♂ (SMF RII/1088/19), D. paratype ♀ (SMF RII/329). E, F. Chersonesometrus tristis (Henderson, 1919), comb. nov. E. ♂ (AMNH), Ithepalli, India, F.♀ (AMNH), Maddur, India. Scale bars = 2 mm.
FIGURE 30. Chersonesometrus Couzijn, 1978, stat. nov. et stat. rev., sternum and pectines, ventral aspect. A. Chersonesometrus bastawadei, sp. nov., holotype ♀ (AMNH), Naganath Temple, India. B. Chersonesometrus wroughtoni (Pocock, 1899), comb. nov., paralectotype ♀ (BMNH 1897.9.17.1-4, 11, 20). C, D. Chersonesometrus shivashankari, sp. nov., C. holotype ♂ (BMNH), Bellahunsi, India, D. paratype ♀ (BMNH), Hampasagar, India. E. Chersonesometrus nathanorum, sp. nov., subad. ♂ holotype (MNHN RS 3145). F. Chersonesometrus hendersoni, sp. nov., holotype ♀ (AMNH), Sanapura, India. Scale bars = 2 mm.
FIGURE 31. Chersonesometrus Couzijn, 1978, stat. nov. et stat. rev., sternum and pectines, ventral aspect. A, B. Chersonesometrus fulvipes (C.L. Koch, 1837), comb. nov., A. ♂, B. ♂ (AMNH), Khambatki Ghat, India. C, D. Chersonesometrus madraspatensis (Pocock, 1900), comb. nov., C. ♂ (CAS 9071142), D. ♀ (CAS 9071143). Scale bars = 2 mm.
FIGURE 32. Gigantometrus Couzijn, 1978, stat. nov., sternum and pectines, ventral aspect. A, B. Gigantometrus swammerdami (Simon, 1872), comb. nov., A. lectotype ♂ (Palamnaeus swammerdami flavimanus Pocock, 1900, syn. nov.) (BMNH 1899.11.2.292-3), B. ♀ (FMNH 086 257). C, D. Gigantometrus titanicus (Couzijn, 1981), comb. nov. et stat. rev., C. ♂, D. ♀ (AMNH), Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka.
FIGURE 33. Deccanometrus, gen. nov., sternum and pectines, ventral aspect. A, B. Deccanometrus bengalensis (C.L. Koch, 1841), comb. nov., A. ♂ (BMNH 1913.1.6.3), B. ♀ (BMNH 1896.8.15.4). C, D. Deccanometrus obscurus (Couzijn, 1981), comb. et stat. nov., C. ♂, D. ♀ (AMNH), Bhimashankar, India. E, F. Deccanometrus phipsoni (Pocock, 1893), comb. nov., E. ♂, F. ♀ (MNHN RS 0080). Scale bars = 2 mm.
FIGURE 34. Deccanometrus, gen. nov., sternum and pectines, ventral aspect. A, B. Deccanometrus latimanus (Pocock, 1894), comb. nov., A. ♂ (AMNH), Charbagh, Pakistan, B. ♀ (AMNH), Daggar, Pakistan. C, D. Deccanometrus xanthopus (Pocock, 1897), comb. nov., C. lectotype ♂ (BMNH 1896.9.26.88-91), D. ♀ (AMNH), Khambatki Ghat, India. Scale bars = 2 mm.
FIGURE 35. Deccanometrus, gen. nov., sternum and pectines, ventral aspect. A, B. Deccanometrus ubicki (Kovařík, 2004), comb. nov., A. paratype ♂ (CAS 9071136), B. paratype ♀ (CAS 9071135). C. Deccanometrus liurus (Pocock, 1897), comb. nov., paralectotype ♀ (BMNH 1896.12.15.20-25). Scale bars = 2 mm.
FIGURE 36. Heterometrus Ehrenberg, 1828, sternum and pectines, ventral aspect. A, B. Heterometrus glaucus (Thorell, 1876), comb. nov. et stat. rev., A. ♂ (ZMH), Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia. B. ♀ (AMNH), Nias Island, Indonesia. C, D. Heterometrus longimanus (Herbst, 1800), C. ♂, D. ♀ (AMNH), Kuching, Malaysia. E, F. Heterometrus thorellii (Pocock, 1892), E. ♂ (AMNH), Mandalay, Myanmar, F. ♀ (AMNH), Pho Kyar Elephant Camp, Yedashe, Myanmar. Scale bars = 2 mm.
FIGURE 37. Heterometrus Ehrenberg, 1828, sternum and pectines, ventral aspect. A, B. Heterometrus laevigatus (Thorell, 1876), comb. nov. et stat. rev., A. ♂ (AMNH), Thale Ban, Thailand, B. ♀ (AMNH), Khao Pu- Khao Ya National Park, Thailand. C, D. Heterometrus spinifer (Ehrenberg, 1828), C. ♂, D. ♀ (AMNH), Cameron Highlands, Malaysia. Scale bars = 2 mm.
FIGURE 38. Heterometrus Ehrenberg, 1828, sternum and pectines, ventral aspect. A, B. Heterometrus laoticus Couzijn, 1981, A. ♂ (AMNH), Phahom Camp, Laos, B. ♀ (AMNH), Tham Pha In, Laos. C, D. Heterometrus silenus (Simon, 1884), comb. nov. et stat. rev. C. ♂, D. ♀ (AMNH), Ta Kou Mountain Nature Reserve, Vietnam. Scale bars = 2 mm.
FIGURE 39. Javanimetrus Couzijn, 1981, stat. nov. et stat. rev. (A, B), and Sahyadrimetrus, gen. nov. (C–F), sternum and pectines, ventral aspect. A, B. Javanimetrus cyaneus (Simon, 1872), comb. nov., A. ♂, B. ♀ (AMNH), Ujung Kulon, Indonesia. C. Sahyadrimetrus barberi (Pocock, 1900), comb. nov., holotype ♀ (BMNH 1899.9.24.1). D. Sahyadrimetrus rugosus (Couzijn, 1981), comb. et stat. nov., ♀ (AMNH), Chaliyar River, India. E, F. Sahyadrimetrus tikaderi, gen. et sp. nov., E. holotype ♂, F. paratype ♀ (MNHN RS 3265). Scale bars = 2 mm.
FIGURE 40. Sahyadrimetrus, gen. nov., sternum and pectines, ventral aspect. A, B. Sahyadrimetrus kanarensis (Pocock, 1900), comb. nov., A. ♂, B. ♀ (AMNH), Chaudi, India. C, D. Sahyadrimetrus mathewi, gen. et sp. nov., C. holotype ♂, D. paratype ♀ (AMNH), Poomala, India. E, F. Sahyadrimetrus scaber (Thorell, 1876), comb. nov., E. ♂ (AMNH), Nadpalu, India, F.♀ (AMNH), Sitha River, India. Scale bars = 2 mm.
FIGURE 41. Srilankametrus Couzijn, 1981, stat. nov. et stat. rev., sternum and pectines, ventral aspect. A, B. Srilankametrus caesar (C.L. Koch, 1841), comb. nov. et stat. rev., A. ♂, B. ♀ (MNHN RS 0079). C, D. Srilankametrus couzijni, sp. nov., C. holotype ♂ (BMNH 1896.7.30.121), D. paratype ♂ (SMF 5332/1). E, F. Srilankametrus gravimanus (Pocock, 1894), comb. nov., E. ♂, F.♀ (AMNH), Kokmotte, Sri Lanka. Scale bars = 2 mm.
FIGURE 42. Srilankametrus Couzijn, 1981, stat. nov. et stat. rev., sternum and pectines, ventral aspect. A, B. Srilankametrus indus (DeGeer, 1778), comb. nov., A. ♂, B. ♀ (AMNH), Kandy, Sri Lanka. C, E, F. Srilankametrus serratus (Pocock, 1900), comb. nov., C. holotype ♂ (BMNH 1888.55), E. ♂ (FMNH 086 916), F. ♀ (ZMH), Ceylon [Sri Lanka]. D. Srilankametrus pococki, sp. nov., holotype ♀ (AMNH), Kodigala, Sri Lanka. Scale bars = 2 mm.
FIGURE 43. Chersonesometrus Couzijn, 1978, stat. nov. et stat. rev., legs I–IV, tibiae, basitarsi and telotarsi, ventral aspect. A–D. Chersonesometrus beccaloniae (Kovařík, 2004), comb. nov., ♀ (AMNH), Yelagiri Hills, India. E–H. Chersonesometrus pelekomanus (Couzijn, 1981), comb. nov., paratype ♀ (SMF RII/329). I–L. Chersonesometrus tristis (Henderson, 1919), comb. nov., ♀ (AMNH), Maddur, India. Scale bars = 2 mm.
FIGURE 44. Chersonesometrus Couzijn, 1978, stat. nov. et stat. rev., legs I–IV, tibiae, basitarsi and telotarsi, ventral aspect. A–D. Chersonesometrus bastawadei, sp. nov., holotype ♀ (AMNH), Naganath Temple, India. E–H. Chersonesometrus hendersoni, sp. nov., holotype ♀ (AMNH), Sanapura, India. I–L. Chersonesometrus wroughtoni (Pocock, 1899), comb. nov., paralectotype ♀ (BMNH 1897.9.17.1-4, 11, 20). Scale bars = 2 mm.
FIGURE 45. Chersonesometrus Couzijn, 1978, stat. nov. et stat. rev., legs I–IV, tibiae, basitarsi and telotarsi, ventral aspect. A–D. Chersonesometrus fulvipes (C.L. Koch, 1837), comb. nov., ♂ (AMNH), Khambatki Ghat, India. E–H. Chersonesometrus shivashankari, sp. nov., paratype ♀ (BMNH), Hampasagar, India. I–L. Chersonesometrus madraspatensis (Pocock, 1900), comb. nov., ♂ (CAS 9071142). Scale bars = 2 mm.
FIGURE 46. Deccanometrus, gen. nov., legs I–IV, tibiae, basitarsi and telotarsi, ventral aspect. A–D. Deccanometrus bengalensis (C.L. Koch, 1841), comb. nov., ♂ (BMNH 1913.1.6.3). E–H. Deccanometrus obscurus (Couzijn, 1981), comb. et stat. nov., ♂ (AMNH), Bhimashankar, India. I–L. Deccanometrus phipsoni (Pocock, 1893), comb. nov., ♂ (MNHN RS 0080). Scale bars = 2 mm.
FIGURE 47. Deccanometrus, gen. nov., legs I–IV, tibiae, basitarsi and telotarsi, ventral aspect. A–D. Deccanometrus latimanus (Pocock, 1894), comb. nov., ♀ (AMNH), Daggar, Pakistan. E–H. Deccanometrus xanthopus (Pocock, 1897), comb. nov., ♀ (AMNH), Khambatki Ghat, India. Scale bars = 2 mm (A–D) or 1 mm (E–H).
FIGURE 48. Deccanometrus, gen. nov., legs I–IV, tibiae, basitarsi and telotarsi, ventral aspect. A–D. Deccanometrus liurus (Pocock, 1897), comb. nov., paralectotype ♀ (BMNH 1896.12.15.20–25). E–H. Deccanometrus ubicki (Kovařík, 2004), comb. nov., paratype ♀ (CAS 9071135). Scale bars = 1 mm (A–D) or 2 mm (E–H).
FIGURE 49. Gigantometrus Couzijn, 1978, stat. nov., legs I–IV, tibiae, basitarsi and telotarsi, ventral aspect. A–D. Gigantometrus swammerdami (Simon, 1872), comb. nov., lectotype ♂ (Palamnaeus swammerdami flavimanus Pocock, 1900, syn. nov.) (BMNH 1899.11.2.292-3). E–H. Gigantometrus titanicus (Couzijn, 1981), comb. nov. et stat. rev., ♂ (AMNH), Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka. Scale bars = 2 mm.
FIGURE 50. Heterometrus Ehrenberg, 1828, legs I–IV, tibiae, basitarsi and telotarsi, ventral aspect. A–D. Heterometrus laevigatus (Thorell, 1876), comb. nov. et stat. rev., ♂ (AMNH), Thale Ban, Thailand. E–H. Heterometrus spinifer (Ehrenberg, 1828), ♂ (AMNH), Cameron Highlands, Malaysia. Scale bars = 2 mm.
FIGURE 51. Heterometrus Ehrenberg, 1828, legs I–IV, tibiae, basitarsi and telotarsi, ventral aspect. A–D. Heterometrus laoticus Couzijn, 1981, ♂ (AMNH), Phahom Camp, Laos. E–H. Heterometrus silenus (Simon, 1884), comb. nov. et stat. rev., ♂ (AMNH), Ta Kou Mountain Nature Reserve, Vietnam. Scale bars = 2 mm.
FIGURE 52. Heterometrus Ehrenberg, 1828, legs I–IV, tibiae, basitarsi and telotarsi, ventral aspect. A–D. Heterometrus glaucus (Thorell, 1876), comb. nov. et stat. rev., ♀ (AMNH), Nias Island, Indonesia. E–H. Heterometrus longimanus (Herbst, 1800), ♂ (AMNH), Kuching, Malaysia. Scale bars = 2 mm.
FIGURE 53. Heterometrus Ehrenberg, 1828 (A–D), and Javanimetrus Couzijn, 1981, stat. nov. et stat. rev. (E–H), legs I–IV, tibiae, basitarsi, and telotarsi, ventral aspect. A–D. Heterometrus thorellii (Pocock, 1892), ♀ (AMNH), Pho Kyar Elephant Camp, Yedashe, Myanmar. E–H. Javanimetrus cyaneus (Simon, 1872), comb. nov., ♂ (AMNH), Ujung Kulon, Indonesia. Scale bars = 2 mm.
FIGURE 54. Sahyadrimetrus, gen. nov., legs I–IV, tibiae, basitarsi and telotarsi, ventral aspect. A–D. Sahyadrimetrus barberi (Pocock, 1900), comb. nov., holotype ♀ (BMNH 1899.9.24.1). E–H. Sahyadrimetrus rugosus (Couzijn, 1981), comb. et stat. nov., ♀ (AMNH), Chaliyar River, India. I–L. Sahyadrimetrus tikaderi, gen. et sp. nov., holotype ♂ (MNHN RS 3265). Scale bars = 2 mm.
FIGURE 55. Sahyadrimetrus, gen. nov., legs I–IV, tibiae, basitarsi and telotarsi, ventral aspect. A–D. Sahyadrimetrus kanarensis (Pocock, 1900), comb. nov., ♀ (AMNH), Chaudi, India. E–H. Sahyadrimetrus mathewi, gen. et sp. nov., holotype ♂, (AMNH), Poomala, India. I–L. Sahyadrimetrus scaber (Thorell, 1876), comb. nov., ♂ (AMNH), Nadpalu, India. Scale bars = 2 mm.
FIGURE 56. Srilankametrus Couzijn, 1981, stat. nov. et stat. rev., legs I–IV, tibiae, basitarsi and telotarsi, ventral aspect. A–D. Srilankametrus caesar (C.L. Koch, 1841), comb. nov. et stat. rev., ♂ (MNHN RS 0079). E–H. Srilankametrus couzijni, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (BMNH 1896.7.30.121). I–L. Srilankametrus gravimanus (Pocock, 1894), comb. nov., ♂ (AMNH), Kokmotte, Sri Lanka. Scale bars = 2 mm.
FIGURE 57. Srilankametrus Couzijn, 1981, stat. nov. et stat. rev., legs I–IV, tibiae, basitarsi and telotarsi, ventral aspect. A–D. Srilankametrus indus (DeGeer, 1778), comb. nov., ♂ (AMNH), Kandy, Sri Lanka. E–H. Srilankametrus pococki, sp. nov., holotype ♀ (AMNH), Kodigala, Sri Lanka. I–L. Srilankametrus serratus (Pocock, 1900), comb. nov., ♂ (ZMH), Ceylon [Sri Lanka]. Scale bars = 2 mm.
FIGURE 58. Chersonesometrus Couzijn, 1978, stat. nov. et stat. rev., metasoma and telson, dorsal aspect. A. Chersonesometrus bastawadei, sp. nov., holotype ♀ (AMNH), Naganath Temple, India. B. Chersonesometrus beccaloniae (Kovařík, 2004), comb. nov., ♀ (AMNH), Yelagiri Hills, India. C. Chersonesometrus hendersoni, sp. nov., paratype ♀ (AMNH), Tungabhadra River, India. D. Chersonesometrus pelekomanus (Couzijn, 1981), comb. nov., paratype ♀ (SMF RII/329). E. Chersonesometrus tristis (Henderson, 1919), comb. nov., ♀ (AMNH), Maddur, India. Scale bars = 5 mm.
FIGURE 59. Chersonesometrus Couzijn, 1978, stat. nov. et stat. rev., metasoma and telson, lateral aspect. A. Chersonesometrus bastawadei, sp. nov., holotype ♀ (AMNH), Naganath Temple, India. B. Chersonesometrus beccaloniae (Kovařík, 2004), comb. nov., ♀ (AMNH), Yelagiri Hills, India. C. Chersonesometrus hendersoni, sp. nov., paratype ♀ (AMNH), Tungabhadra River, India. D. Chersonesometrus pelekomanus (Couzijn, 1981), comb. nov., paratype ♀ (SMF RII/329). E. Chersonesometrus tristis (Henderson, 1919), comb. nov., ♀ (AMNH), Maddur, India. Scale bars = 5 mm.
FIGURE 60. Chersonesometrus Couzijn, 1978, stat. nov. et stat. rev., metasoma and telson, ventral aspect. A. Chersonesometrus bastawadei, sp. nov., holotype ♀ (AMNH), Naganath Temple, India. B. Chersonesometrus beccaloniae (Kovařík, 2004), comb. nov., ♀ (AMNH), Yelagiri Hills, India. C. Chersonesometrus hendersoni, sp. nov., paratype ♀ (AMNH), Tungabhadra River, India. D. Chersonesometrus pelekomanus (Couzijn, 1981), comb. nov., paratype ♀ (SMF RII/329). E. Chersonesometrus tristis (Henderson, 1919), comb. nov., ♀ (AMNH), Maddur, India. Scale bars = 5 mm.
FIGURE 61. Chersonesometrus Couzijn, 1978, stat. nov. et stat. rev., metasoma and telson, dorsal aspect. A. Chersonesometrus fulvipes (C.L. Koch, 1837), comb. nov., ♂ (BMNH 1896.7.30.91-92). B. Chersonesometrus shivashankari, sp. nov., paratype ♀ (BMNH), Hampasagar, India. C. Chersonesometrus madraspatensis (Pocock, 1900), comb. nov., ♂ (CAS 9071142). D. Chersonesometrus nathanorum, sp. nov., subad. ♂ holotype (MNHN RS 3145). E. Chersonesometrus wroughtoni (Pocock, 1899), comb. nov., paralectotype ♀ (BMNH 1897.9.17.1-4, 11, 20). Scale bars = 5 mm.
FIGURE 62. Chersonesometrus Couzijn, 1978, stat. nov. et stat. rev., metasoma and telson, lateral aspect. A. Chersonesometrus fulvipes (C.L. Koch, 1837), comb. nov., ♂ (BMNH 1896.7.30.91-92). B. Chersonesometrus shivashankari, sp. nov., paratype ♀ (BMNH), Hampasagar, India. C. Chersonesometrus madraspatensis (Pocock, 1900), comb. nov., ♂ (CAS 9071142). D. Chersonesometrus nathanorum, sp. nov., subad. ♂ holotype (MNHN RS 3145). E. Chersonesometrus wroughtoni (Pocock, 1899), comb. nov., paralectotype ♀ (BMNH 1897.9.17.1-4, 11, 20). Scale bars = 5 mm.
FIGURE 63. Chersonesometrus Couzijn, 1978, stat. nov. et stat. rev., metasoma and telson, ventral aspect. A. Chersonesometrus fulvipes (C.L. Koch, 1837), comb. nov., ♂ (BMNH 1896.7.30.91-92). B. Chersonesometrus shivashankari, sp. nov., paratype ♀ (BMNH), Hampasagar, India. C. Chersonesometrus madraspatensis (Pocock, 1900), comb. nov., ♂ (CAS 9071142). D. Chersonesometrus nathanorum, sp. nov., subad. ♂ holotype (MNHN RS 3145). E. Chersonesometrus wroughtoni (Pocock, 1899), comb. nov., paralectotype ♀ (BMNH 1897.9.17.1-4, 11, 20). Scale bars = 5 mm.
FIGURE 64. Deccanometrus, gen. nov., metasoma and telson, dorsal aspect. A. Deccanometrus bengalensis (C.L. Koch, 1841), comb. nov., ♂ (BMNH 1913.1.6.3). B. Deccanometrus obscurus (Couzijn, 1981), comb. et stat. nov., ♂ (AMNH), Bhimashankar, India. C. Deccanometrus phipsoni (Pocock, 1893), comb. nov., ♂ (MNHN 0080). D. Deccanometrus latimanus (Pocock, 1894), comb. nov., ♂ (AMNH), Charbagh, Pakistan. E. Deccanometrus liurus (Pocock, 1897), comb. nov., paralectotype ♀ (BMNH 1896.12.15.20-25). F. Deccanometrus ubicki (Kovařík, 2004), comb. nov., paratype ♀ (CAS 9071135). G. Deccanometrus xanthopus (Pocock, 1897), comb. nov., ♀ (AMNH), Khambatki Ghat, India. Scale bars = 5 mm.
FIGURE 65. Deccanometrus, gen. nov., metasoma and telson, lateral aspect. A. Deccanometrus bengalensis (C.L. Koch, 1841), comb. nov., ♂ (BMNH 1913.1.6.3). B. Deccanometrus obscurus (Couzijn, 1981), comb. et stat. nov., ♂ (AMNH), Bhimashankar, India. C. Deccanometrus phipsoni (Pocock, 1893), comb. nov., ♂ (MNHN 0080). D. Deccanometrus latimanus (Pocock, 1894), comb. nov., ♂ (AMNH), Charbagh, Pakistan. E. Deccanometrus liurus (Pocock, 1897), comb. nov., paralectotype ♀ (BMNH 1896.12.15.20-25). F. Deccanometrus ubicki (Kovařík, 2004), comb. nov., paratype ♀ (CAS 9071135). G. Deccanometrus xanthopus (Pocock, 1897), comb. nov., ♀ (AMNH), Khambatki Ghat, India. Scale bars = 5 mm.
FIGURE 66. Deccanometrus, gen. nov., metasoma and telson, ventral aspect. A. Deccanometrus bengalensis (C.L. Koch, 1841), comb. nov., ♂ (BMNH 1913.1.6.3). B. Deccanometrus obscurus (Couzijn, 1981), comb. et stat. nov., ♂ (AMNH), Bhimashankar, India. C. Deccanometrus phipsoni (Pocock, 1893), comb. nov., ♂ (MNHN 0080). D. Deccanometrus latimanus (Pocock, 1894), comb. nov., ♂ (AMNH), Charbagh, Pakistan. E. Deccanometrus liurus (Pocock, 1897), comb. nov., paralectotype ♀ (BMNH 1896.12.15.20-25). F. Deccanometrus ubicki (Kovařík, 2004), comb. nov., paratype ♀ (CAS 9071135). G. Deccanometrus xanthopus (Pocock, 1897), comb. nov., ♀ (AMNH), Khambatki Ghat, India. Scale bars = 5 mm.
FIGURE 67. A, B. Gigantometrus Couzijn, 1978, stat. nov., and C–E. Heterometrus Ehrenberg, 1828, metasoma and telson, dorsal aspect. A. Gigantometrus swammerdami (Simon, 1872), comb. nov., lectotype ♂ (Palamnaeus swammerdami flavimanus Pocock, 1900, syn. nov.) (BMNH 1899.11.2.292-3). B. Gigantometrus titanicus (Couzijn, 1981), comb. nov. et stat. rev., ♂ (AMNH), Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka. C. Heterometrus glaucus (Thorell, 1876), comb. nov. et stat. rev., ♀ (AMNH), Nias Island, Indonesia. D. Heterometrus laevigatus (Thorell, 1876), comb. nov. et stat. rev., ♂ (AMNH), Thale Ban, Thailand. E. Heterometrus spinifer (Ehrenberg, 1828), ♂ (AMNH), Cameron Highlands, Malaysia. Scale bars = 5 mm.
FIGURE 68. A, B. Gigantometrus Couzijn, 1978, stat. nov., and C–E. Heterometrus Ehrenberg, 1828, metasoma and telson, lateral aspect. A. Gigantometrus swammerdami (Simon, 1872), comb. nov., lectotype ♂ (Palamnaeus swammerdami flavimanus Pocock, 1900, syn. nov.) (BMNH 1899.11.2.292-3). B. Gigantometrus titanicus (Couzijn, 1981), comb. nov. et stat. rev., ♂ (AMNH), Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka. C. Heterometrus glaucus (Thorell, 1876), comb. nov. et stat. rev., ♀ (AMNH), Nias Island, Indonesia. D. Heterometrus laevigatus (Thorell, 1876), comb. nov. et stat. rev., ♂ (AMNH), Thale Ban, Thailand. E. Heterometrus spinifer (Ehrenberg, 1828), ♂ (AMNH), Cameron Highlands, Malaysia. Scale bars = 5 mm.
FIGURE 69. A, B. Gigantometrus Couzijn, 1978, stat. nov., and C–E. Heterometrus Ehrenberg, 1828, metasoma and telson, ventral aspect. A. Gigantometrus swammerdami (Simon, 1872), comb. nov., lectotype ♂ (Palamnaeus swammerdami flavimanus Pocock, 1900, syn. nov.) (BMNH 1899.11.2.292-3). B. Gigantometrus titanicus (Couzijn, 1981), comb. nov. et stat. rev., ♂ (AMNH), Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka. C. Heterometrus glaucus (Thorell, 1876), comb. nov. et stat. rev., ♀ (AMNH), Nias Island, Indonesia. D. Heterometrus laevigatus (Thorell, 1876), comb. nov. et stat. rev., ♂ (AMNH), Thale Ban, Thailand. E. Heterometrus spinifer (Ehrenberg, 1828), ♂ (AMNH), Cameron Highlands, Malaysia. Scale bars = 5 mm.
FIGURE 70. A–D. Heterometrus Ehrenberg, 1828, and E. Javanimetrus Couzijn, 1981, stat. nov. et stat. rev., metasoma and telson, dorsal aspect. A. Heterometrus laoticus Couzijn, 1981, ♂ (AMNH), Phahom Camp, Laos. B. Heterometrus longimanus (Herbst, 1800), ♂ (AMNH), Kuching, Malaysia. C. Heterometrus silenus (Simon, 1884), comb. nov. et stat. rev., ♂ (AMNH), Ta Kou Mountain Nature Reserve, Vietnam. D. Heterometrus thorellii (Pocock, 1892), ♀ (AMNH), Pho Kyar Elephant Camp, Yedashe, Myanmar. E. Javanimetrus cyaneus (Simon, 1872), comb. nov., ♂ (AMNH), Ujung Kulon, Indonesia. Scale bars = 5 mm.
FIGURE 71. A–D. Heterometrus Ehrenberg, 1828, and E. Javanimetrus Couzijn, 1981, stat. nov. et stat. rev., metasoma and telson, lateral aspect. A. Heterometrus laoticus Couzijn, 1981, ♂ (AMNH), Phahom Camp, Laos. B. Heterometrus longimanus (Herbst, 1800), ♂ (AMNH), Kuching, Malaysia. C. Heterometrus silenus (Simon, 1884), comb. nov. et stat. rev., ♂ (AMNH), Ta Kou Mountain Nature Reserve, Vietnam. D. Heterometrus thorellii (Pocock, 1892), ♀ (AMNH), Pho Kyar Elephant Camp, Yedashe, Myanmar. E. Javanimetrus cyaneus (Simon, 1872), comb. nov., ♂ (AMNH), Ujung Kulon, Indonesia. Scale bars = 5 mm.
FIGURE 72. A–D. Heterometrus Ehrenberg, 1828, and E. Javanimetrus Couzijn, 1981, stat. nov. et stat. rev., metasoma and telson, ventral aspect. A. Heterometrus laoticus Couzijn, 1981, ♂ (AMNH), Phahom Camp, Laos. B. Heterometrus longimanus (Herbst, 1800), ♂ (AMNH), Kuching, Malaysia. C. Heterometrus silenus (Simon, 1884), comb. nov. et stat. rev., ♂ (AMNH), Ta Kou Mountain Nature Reserve, Vietnam. D. Heterometrus thorellii (Pocock, 1892), ♀ (AMNH), Pho Kyar Elephant Camp, Yedashe, Myanmar. E. Javanimetrus cyaneus (Simon, 1872), comb. nov., ♂ (AMNH), Ujung Kulon, Indonesia. Scale bars = 5 mm.
FIGURE 73. Sahyadrimetrus, gen. nov., metasoma and telson, dorsal aspect. A. Sahyadrimetrus barberi (Pocock, 1900), comb. nov., holotype ♀ (BMNH 1899.9.24.1), B. Sahyadrimetrus kanarensis (Pocock, 1900), comb. nov., ♀ (AMNH), Chaudi, India. C. Sahyadrimetrus mathewi, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (AMNH), Poomala, India. D. Sahyadrimetrus rugosus (Couzijn, 1981), comb. et stat. nov., ♀ (AMNH), Chaliyar River, India. E. Sahyadrimetrus scaber (Thorell, 1876), comb. nov., ♂ (AMNH), Nadpalu, India. F.Sahyadrimetrus tikaderi, gen. et sp. nov., paratype ♂ (MNHN RS 3266). Scale bars = 5 mm.
FIGURE 74. Sahyadrimetrus, gen. nov., metasoma and telson, lateral aspect. A. Sahyadrimetrus barberi (Pocock, 1900), comb. nov., holotype ♀ (BMNH 1899.9.24.1), B. Sahyadrimetrus kanarensis (Pocock, 1900), comb. nov., ♀ (AMNH), Chaudi, India. C. Sahyadrimetrus mathewi, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (AMNH), Poomala, India. D. Sahyadrimetrus rugosus (Couzijn, 1981), comb. et stat. nov., ♀ (AMNH), Chaliyar River, India. E. Sahyadrimetrus scaber (Thorell, 1876), comb. nov., ♂ (AMNH), Nadpalu, India. F. Sahyadrimetrus tikaderi, gen. et sp. nov., paratype ♂ (MNHN RS 3266). Scale bars = 5 mm.
FIGURE 75. Sahyadrimetrus, gen. nov., metasoma and telson, ventral aspect. A. Sahyadrimetrus barberi (Pocock, 1900), comb. nov., holotype ♀ (BMNH 1899.9.24.1), B. Sahyadrimetrus kanarensis (Pocock, 1900), comb. nov., ♀ (AMNH), Chaudi, India. C. Sahyadrimetrus mathewi, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (AMNH), Poomala, India. D. Sahyadrimetrus rugosus (Couzijn, 1981), comb. et stat. nov., ♀ (AMNH), Chaliyar River, India. E. Sahyadrimetrus scaber (Thorell, 1876), comb. nov., ♂ (AMNH), Nadpalu, India. F.Sahyadrimetrus tikaderi, gen. et sp. nov., paratype ♂ (MNHN RS 3266). Scale bars = 5 mm.
FIGURE 76. Srilankametrus Couzijn, 1978, stat. nov. et stat. rev., metasoma and telson, dorsal aspect. A. Srilankametrus caesar (C.L. Koch, 1841), comb. nov. et stat. rev., ♂ (MNHN RS 0079). B. Srilankametrus couzijni, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (BMNH 1896.7.30.121). C. Srilankametrus gravimanus (Pocock, 1894), comb. nov., ♂ (AMNH), Kokmotte, Sri Lanka. D. Srilankametrus indus (DeGeer, 1778), comb. nov., ♂ (AMNH), Kandy, Sri Lanka. E. Srilankametrus pococki, sp. nov., holotype ♀ (AMNH), Kodigala, Sri Lanka. F. Srilankametrus serratus (Pocock, 1900), comb. nov., ♂ (ZMH), Ceylon [Sri Lanka]. Scale bars = 5 mm
FIGURE 77. Srilankametrus Couzijn, 1978, stat. nov. et stat. rev., metasoma and telson, lateral aspect. A. Srilankametrus caesar (C.L. Koch, 1841), comb. nov. et stat. rev., ♂ (MNHN RS 0079). B. Srilankametrus couzijni, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (BMNH 1896.7.30.121). C. Srilankametrus gravimanus (Pocock, 1894), comb. nov., ♂ (AMNH), Kokmotte, Sri Lanka. D. Srilankametrus indus (DeGeer, 1778), comb. nov., ♂ (AMNH), Kandy, Sri Lanka. E. Srilankametrus pococki, sp. nov., holotype ♀ (AMNH), Kodigala, Sri Lanka. F. Srilankametrus serratus (Pocock, 1900), comb. nov., ♂ (ZMH), Ceylon [Sri Lanka]. Scale bars = 5 mm.
FIGURE 78. Srilankametrus Couzijn, 1978, stat. nov. et stat. rev., metasoma and telson, ventral aspect. A. Srilankametrus caesar (C.L. Koch, 1841), comb. nov. et stat. rev., ♂ (MNHN RS 0079). B. Srilankametrus couzijni, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (BMNH 1896.7.30.121). C. Srilankametrus gravimanus (Pocock, 1894), comb. nov., ♂ (AMNH), Kokmotte, Sri Lanka. D. Srilankametrus indus (DeGeer, 1778), comb. nov., ♂ (AMNH), Kandy, Sri Lanka. E. Srilankametrus pococki, sp. nov., holotype ♀ (AMNH), Kodigala, Sri Lanka. F. Srilankametrus serratus (Pocock, 1900), comb. nov., ♂ (ZMH), Ceylon [Sri Lanka]. Scale bars = 5 mm.
FIGURE 79. Map of South Asia, plotting known locality records of two species of Chersonesometrus Couzijn, 1978, stat. nov. et stat. rev., based on material examined, and verified records from virtual museums and the literature:Chersonesometrus fulvipes (C.L. Koch, 1837), comb. nov.; Chersonesometrus madraspatensis (Pocock, 1900), comb. nov.
FIGURE 80. Map of South India and Sri Lanka, plotting known locality records of eight species of Chersonesometrus Couzijn, 1978, stat. nov. et stat. rev., based on material examined, and verified records from virtual museums and the literature: Chersonesometrus bastawadei, sp. nov.; Chersonesometrus beccaloniae (Kovařík, 2004), comb. nov.; Chersonesometrus hendersoni, sp. nov.; Chersonesometrus nathanorum, sp. nov.; Chersonesometrus pelekomanus (Couzijn, 1981), comb. nov.; Chersonesometrus shivashankari, sp. nov.; Chersonesometrus tristis (Henderson, 1919), comb. nov.; Chersonesometrus wroughtoni (Pocock, 1899), comb. nov.
FIGURE 81. Chersonesometrus Couzijn, 1978, stat. nov. et stat. rev., habitus, A, C. dorsal and B, D. ventral aspects. A, B. Chersonesometrus bastawadei, sp. nov., holotype ♀ (AMNH), Naganath Temple, India. C, D. Chersonesometrus wroughtoni (Pocock, 1899), comb. nov., paralectotype ♀ (BMNH 1897.9.17.1-4, 11, 20). Scale bars = 10 mm.
FIGURE 82. Chersonesometrus bastawadei, sp. nov., holotype ♀ (AMNH), Naganath Temple, India, pedipalp patella: A. dorsal, B. retrolateral, and C. ventral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 83. Chersonesometrus bastawadei, sp. nov., holotype ♀ (AMNH), Naganath Temple, India, pedipalp chela: A. retrodorsal, B. ventral, and C. prolateral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 84. Chersonesometrus beccaloniae (Kovařík, 2004), comb. nov., habitus: A, C. dorsal and B, D. ventral aspects. A, B. ♂ (ZMH), Ootacalum, India. C, D. ♀ (AMNH), Yelagiri Hills, India. Scale bars = 10 mm.
FIGURE 85. Chersonesometrus beccaloniae (Kovařík, 2004), comb. nov., ♀ (AMNH), Yelagiri Hills, India, pedipalp patella: A. dorsal, B. retrolateral, and C. ventral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 86. Chersonesometrus beccaloniae (Kovařík, 2004), comb. nov., ♀ (AMNH), Yelagiri Hills, India, pedipalp chela: A. retrodorsal, B. ventral, and C. prolateral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 87. Chersonesometrus beccaloniae (Kovařík, 2004), comb. nov., ♂ (ZMH), Ootacalum, India, pedipalp chela: A. retrodorsal, B. ventral, and C. prolateral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 88. Chersonesometrus fulvipes (C.L. Koch, 1837), comb. nov., habitus: A, C. dorsal and B, D. ventral aspects. A, B. ♂, C, D. ♀ (AMNH), Khambatki Ghat, India. Scale bars = 10 mm.
FIGURE 89. Chersonesometrus fulvipes (C.L. Koch, 1837), comb. nov., ♂ (AMNH), Khambatki Ghat, India, pedipalp patella: A. dorsal, B. retrolateral, and C. ventral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 90. Chersonesometrus fulvipes (C.L. Koch, 1837), comb. nov., ♂ (AMNH), Khambatki Ghat, India, pedipalp chela: A. retrodorsal, B. ventral, and C. prolateral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 91. Chersonesometrus fulvipes (C.L. Koch, 1837), comb. nov., ♀ (AMNH), Khambatki Ghat, India, pedipalp chela: A. retrodorsal, B. ventral, and C. prolateral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 93. Chersonesometrus hendersoni, sp. nov., holotype ♀ (AMNH), Sanapura, India, pedipalp patella: A. dorsal, B. retrolateral, and C. ventral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 94. Chersonesometrus hendersoni, sp. nov., holotype ♀ (AMNH), Sanapura, India, pedipalp chela: A. retrodorsal, B. ventral, and C. prolateral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 95. Chersonesometrus madraspatensis (Pocock, 1900), comb. nov., habitus: A, C. dorsal and B, D. ventral aspects. A, B. ♂ (CAS 9071142). C, D. ♀ (CAS 9071143). Scale bars = 10 mm.
FIGURE 96. Chersonesometrus madraspatensis (Pocock, 1900), comb. nov., ♂ (CAS 9071142), pedipalp patella: A. dorsal, B. retrolateral, and C. ventral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 97. Chersonesometrus madraspatensis (Pocock, 1900), comb. nov., ♂ (CAS 9071142), pedipalp chela: A. retrodorsal, B. ventral, and C. prolateral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 98. Chersonesometrus madraspatensis (Pocock, 1900), comb. nov., ♀ (CAS 9071143), pedipalp chela: A. retrodorsal, B. ventral, and C. prolateral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 99. Chersonesometrus nathanorum, sp. nov., subad. ♂ holotype (MNHN RS 3145), pedipalp patella: A. dorsal, B. retrolateral, and C. ventral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 100. Chersonesometrus nathanorum, sp. nov., subad. ♂ holotype (MNHN RS 3145), pedipalp pedipalp chela: A. retrodorsal, B. ventral, and C. prolateral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 103. Chersonesometrus pelekomanus (Couzijn, 1981), comb. nov., paratype ♀ (SMF RII/329), pedipalp patella: A. dorsal, B. retrolateral, and C. ventral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 104. Chersonesometrus pelekomanus (Couzijn, 1981), comb. nov., holotype ♂ (SMF RII/1088/19), pedipalp chela: A. retrodorsal, B. ventral, and C. prolateral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 105. Chersonesometrus pelekomanus (Couzijn, 1981), comb. nov., paratype ♀ (SMF RII/329), pedipalp chela: A. retrodorsal, B. ventral, and C. prolateral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 106. Chersonesometrus shivashankari, sp. nov., habitus: A, C. dorsal and B, D. ventral aspects. A, B. holotype ♂ (BMNH), Bellahunsi, India. C, D. paratype ♀ (BMNH), Hampasagar, India. Scale bar = 10 mm.
FIGURE 107. Chersonesometrus shivashankari, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (BMNH), Bellahunsi, India, pedipalp patella: A. dorsal, B. retrolateral, and C. ventral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 108. Chersonesometrus shivashankari, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (BMNH), Bellahunsi, India, pedipalp chela: A. retrodorsal, B. ventral, and C. prolateral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 109. Chersonesometrus shivashankari, sp. nov., paratype ♀ (BMNH), Hampasagar, India, pedipalp chela: A. retrodorsal, B. ventral, and C. prolateral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 112. Chersonesometrus tristis (Henderson, 1919), comb. nov., ♀ (AMNH), Maddur, India, pedipalp patella: A. dorsal, B. retrolateral, and C. ventral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 113. Chersonesometrus tristis (Henderson, 1919), comb. nov., pedipalp chela, retrodorsal aspect. A. ♂ (AMNH), Ithepalli, India. B. ♀ (AMNH), Maddur, India. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 114. Chersonesometrus tristis (Henderson, 1919), comb. nov., ♀ (AMNH), Maddur, India, pedipalp chela: A. ventral and B. prolateral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 115. Chersonesometrus wroughtoni (Pocock, 1899), comb. nov., paralectotype ♀ (BMNH 1897.9.17.1-4, 11, 20), pedipalp patella: A. dorsal, B. retrolateral, and C. ventral aspects, Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 116. Chersonesometrus wroughtoni (Pocock, 1899), comb. nov., paralectotype ♀ (BMNH 1897.9.17.1- 4, 11, 20), pedipalp chela: A. retrodorsal, B. ventral, and C. prolateral aspects, Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 117. Map of South Asia, plotting known locality records of two species of Deccanometrus, gen. nov., based on material examined, and verified records from virtual museums and the literature: Deccanometrus bengalensis (C.L. Koch, 1841), comb. nov.; Deccanometrus obscurus (Couzijn, 1981), comb. et stat. nov.; Deccanometrus phipsoni (Pocock, 1893), comb. nov.
FIGURE 118. Map of South Asia, plotting known locality records of four species of Deccanometrus, gen. nov., based on material examined, and verified records from virtual museums and the literature: Deccanometrus latimanus (Pocock, 1894), comb. nov.; Deccanometrus liurus (Pocock, 1897), comb. nov.; Deccanometrus ubicki (Kovařík, 2004), comb. nov.; Deccanometrus xanthopus (Pocock, 1897), comb. nov.
FIGURE 121. Deccanometrus bengalensis (C.L. Koch, 1841), comb. nov., ♂ (BMNH 1913.1.6.3), pedipalp patella: A. dorsal, B. retrolateral, and C. ventral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 122. Deccanometrus bengalensis (C.L. Koch, 1841), comb. nov., pedipalp chela: A, B. retrodorsal, C. ventral, and D. prolateral aspects. A. ♀ (BMNH 1896.8.15.4). B–D. ♂ (BMNH 1913.1.6.3). Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 123. Deccanometrus latimanus (Pocock, 1894), comb. nov., habitus: A, C. dorsal and B, D. ventral aspects. A, B. ♂ (AMNH), C, D. ♀ (AMNH), Daggar, Pakistan. Scale bars = 10 mm.
FIGURE 124. Deccanometrus latimanus (Pocock, 1894), comb. nov., ♀ (AMNH), Daggar, Pakistan, pedipalp patella: A. dorsal, B. retrolateral, and C. ventral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 125. Deccanometrus latimanus (Pocock, 1894), comb. nov., ♂ (AMNH), Daggar, Pakistan, pedipalp chela: A. retrodorsal, B. ventral, and C. prolateral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 126. Deccanometrus latimanus (Pocock, 1894), comb. nov., ♀ (AMNH), Daggar, Pakistan, pedipalp chela: A. retrodorsal, B. retrolateral, C. ventral, and D. prodorsal aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 127. Deccanometrus, gen. nov., habitus: A, C, E. dorsal and B, D, F. ventral aspects. A, B. Deccanometrus liurus (Pocock, 1897), comb. nov., paralectotype ♀ (BMNH 1896.12.15.20-25). C–F. Deccanometrus xanthopus (Pocock, 1897), comb. nov., C, D. ♂ (AMNH), E, F. ♀ (AMNH), Khambatki Ghat, India. Scale bars = 10 mm.
FIGURE 128. Deccanometrus liurus (Pocock, 1897), comb. nov., paralectotype♀ (BMNH 1896.12.15.20- 25), pedipalp patella: A. dorsal, B. retrolateral, and C. ventral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 129. Deccanometrus liurus (Pocock, 1897), comb. nov., paralectotype ♀ (BMNH 1896.12.15.20-25), pedipalp pedipalp chela: A. retrodorsal, B. ventral, and C. prolateral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 132. Deccanometrus obscurus (Couzijn, 1981), comb. et stat. nov., ♂ (AMNH), Bhimashankar, India, pedipalp patella: A. dorsal, B. retrolateral, and C. ventral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 133. Deccanometrus obscurus (Couzijn, 1981), comb. et stat. nov., ♂ (AMNH), Bhimashankar, India, pedipalp chela: A. retrodorsal, B. ventral, and C. prolateral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 134. Deccanometrus obscurus (Couzijn, 1981), comb. et stat. nov., ♀ (AMNH), Bhimashankar, India, pedipalp chela: A. retrodorsal, B. ventral, and C. prolateral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 135. Deccanometrus phipsoni (Pocock, 1893), comb. nov., habitus: A, C. dorsal and B, D. ventral aspects. A, B. ♂, C, D. ♀ (MNHN 0080). Scale bar = 10 mm.
FIGURE 136. Deccanometrus phipsoni (Pocock, 1893), comb. nov., ♂ (MNHN 0080), pedipalp patella: A. dorsal, B. retrolateral, and C. ventral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 137. Deccanometrus phipsoni (Pocock, 1893), comb. nov., ♂ (MNHN 0080), pedipalp chela: A. retrodorsal, B. ventral, and C. prolateral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 138. Deccanometrus phipsoni (Pocock, 1893), comb. nov., ♀ (MNHN 0080), pedipalp chela: A. retrodorsal, B. ventral, and C. prolateral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 139. Deccanometrus ubicki (Kovařík, 2004), comb. nov., habitus: A, C. dorsal and B, D. ventral aspects. A, B. Paratype ♂ (CAS 9071136). C, D. Paratype ♀ (CAS 9071135). Scale bars = 10 mm.
FIGURE 140. Deccanometrus ubicki (Kovařík, 2004), comb. nov., paratype ♀ (CAS 9071135), pedipalp patella: A. dorsal, B. retrolateral, and C. ventral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 141. Deccanometrus ubicki (Kovařík, 2004), comb. nov., pedipalp chela: A, B. retrodorsal, C. ventral, and D. prolateral aspects. A. Paratype ♂ (CAS 9071136). B–D. Paratype ♀ (CAS 9071136). Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 142. Deccanometrus xanthopus (Pocock, 1897), comb. nov., ♀ (AMNH), Khambatki Ghat, India, pedipalp patella: A. dorsal, B. retrolateral, and C. ventral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 143. Deccanometrus xanthopus (Pocock, 1897), comb. nov., pedipalp chela, retrodorsal aspect. A. Lectotype ♂ (BMNH 1896.9.26.88-91). B. ♀ (AMNH), Khambatki Ghat, India. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 144. Deccanometrus xanthopus (Pocock, 1897), comb. nov., ♀ (AMNH), Khambatki Ghat, India, pedipalp chela: A. ventral, and B. prolateral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 145. Map of South Asia, plotting known locality records of two species of Gigantometrus Couzijn, 1978, stat. nov., based on material examined, and verified records from virtual museums and the literature: Gigantometrus swammerdami (Simon, 1872); Gigantometrus titanicus (Couzijn, 1981), comb. nov. et stat. rev.
FIGURE 146. Map of South India and Sri Lanka, plotting known locality records of two species of Gigantometrus Couzijn, 1978, stat. nov., based on material examined, and verified records from virtual museums and the literature: Gigantometrus swammerdami (Simon, 1872); Gigantometrus titanicus (Couzijn, 1981), comb. nov. et stat. rev.
FIGURE 149. Gigantometrus swammerdami (Simon, 1872), comb. nov., lectotype ♂ (Palamnaeus swammerdami flavimanus Pocock, 1900, syn. nov.) (BMNH 1899.11.2.292-3), pedipalp patella: A. dorsal, B. retrolateral, and C. ventral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 150. Gigantometrus swammerdami (Simon, 1872), comb. nov., lectotype ♂ (Palamnaeus swammerdami flavimanus Pocock, 1900, syn. nov.) (BMNH 1899.11.2.292-3), pedipalp chela: A. retrodorsal, B. ventral, and C. prolateral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 151. Gigantometrus swammerdami (Simon, 1872), comb. nov., paralectotype ♀ (Palamnaeus swammerdami flavimanus Pocock, 1900, syn. nov.) (BMNH 1899.11.2.292-3), pedipalp chela: A. retrodorsal, B. ventral, and C. prolateral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 154. Gigantometrus titanicus (Couzijn, 1981), comb. nov. et stat. rev., ♂ (AMNH), Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka, pedipalp patella: A. dorsal, B. retrolateral, and C. ventral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 155. Gigantometrus titanicus (Couzijn, 1981), comb. nov. et stat. rev., ♂ (AMNH), Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka, pedipalp chela: A. retrodorsal, B. ventral, and C. prolateral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 156. Gigantometrus titanicus (Couzijn, 1981), comb. nov. et stat. rev., ♀ (AMNH), Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka, pedipalp chela: A. retrodorsal, B. ventral, and C. prolateral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 157. Map of Southeast Asia, plotting known locality records of three species of Heterometrus Ehrenberg, 1828, based on material examined, and verified records from virtual museums and the literature: Heterometrus glaucus (Thorell, 1876), comb. nov. et stat. rev.; Heterometrus laoticus Couzijn, 1981; Heterometrus spinifer (Ehrenberg, 1828).
FIGURE 158. Map of Southeast Asia, plotting known locality records of five species of Heterometrus Ehrenberg, 1828, based on material examined, and verified records from virtual museums and the literature: Heterometrus laevigatus (Thorell, 1876), comb. nov. et stat. rev.; Heterometrus longimanus (Herbst, 1800); Heterometrus petersii (Thorell, 1876); Heterometrus silenus (Simon, 1884), comb. nov. et stat. rev.; Heterometrus thorellii (Pocock, 1892).
FIGURE 161. Heterometrus glaucus (Thorell, 1876), comb. nov. et stat. rev., ♀ (AMNH), Nias Island, Indonesia, pedipalp patella: A. dorsal, B. retrolateral, and C. ventral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 166. Heterometrus laevigatus (Thorell, 1876), comb. nov. et stat. rev., ♂ (AMNH), Thale Ban, Thailand, pedipalp patella: A. dorsal, B. retrolateral, and C. ventral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 171. Heterometrus laoticus Couzijn, 1981, ♂ (AMNH), Phahom Camp, Laos, pedipalp patella: A. dorsal, B. retrolateral, and C. ventral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 172. Heterometrus laoticus Couzijn, 1981, ♂ (AMNH), Phahom Camp, Laos, pedipalp chela: A. retrodorsal, B. ventral, and C. prolateral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 173. Heterometrus laoticus Couzijn, 1981, ♀ (AMNH), Tham Pha In, Laos, pedipalp chela: A. retrodorsal, B. ventral, and C. prolateral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 176. Heterometrus longimanus (Herbst, 1800), ♂ (AMNH), Kuching, Malaysia, pedipalp patella: A. dorsal, B. retrolateral, and C. ventral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 177. Heterometrus longimanus (Herbst, 1800), pedipalp chela: A, B. retrodorsal, C. ventral, and D. prolateral aspects. A. ♀ (AMNH), B–D. ♂ (AMNH), Kuching, Malaysia. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 178. Heterometrus petersii (Thorell, 1876), holotype ♀ (NMG 91), habitus: A. dorsal and B. ventral aspects. Scale bar = 10 mm.
FIGURE 179. Heterometrus silenus (Simon, 1884), comb. nov. et stat. rev., habitus, dorsal aspect: A. ♂ (AMNH), B. ♀ (AMNH), Ta Kou Mountain Nature Reserve, Vietnam. Scale bars = 10 mm.
FIGURE 180. Heterometrus silenus (Simon, 1884), comb. nov. et stat. rev., habitus, ventral aspect: A. ♂ (AMNH), B. ♀ (AMNH), Ta Kou Mountain Nature Reserve, Vietnam. Scale bars = 10 mm.
FIGURE 181. Heterometrus silenus (Simon, 1884), comb. nov. et stat. rev., ♂ (AMNH), Ta Kou Mountain Nature Reserve, Vietnam, pedipalp patella: A. dorsal, B. retrolateral, and C. ventral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 182. Heterometrus silenus (Simon, 1884), comb. nov. et stat. rev., pedipalp chela, retrodorsal aspect. A. ♀ (AMNH), B. ♂ (AMNH), Ta Kou Mountain Nature Reserve, Vietnam. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 183. Heterometrus silenus (Simon, 1884), comb. nov. et stat. rev., ♂ (AMNH), Ta Kou Mountain Nature Reserve, Vietnam, pedipalp chela: A. ventral and B. nprolateral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 186. Heterometrus spinifer (Ehrenberg, 1828), ♂ (AMNH), Cameron Highlands, Malaysia, pedipalp patella: A. dorsal, B. retrolateral, and C. ventral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 189.Heterometrus thorellii(Pocock, 1892), habitus:A, C. dorsal andB, D. ventral aspects.A, B. ♂ (AMNH), Mandalay, Myanmar. C, D. ♀ (AMNH), Pho Kyar Elephant Camp, Yedashe, Myanmar. Scale bars = 10 mm.
FIGURE 190. Heterometrus thorellii (Pocock, 1892), ♀ (AMNH), Pho Kyar Elephant Camp, Yedashe, Myanmar, pedipalp patella: A. dorsal, B. retrolateral, and C. ventral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 195. Javanimetrus cyaneus (C.L. Koch, 1836), comb. nov., ♂ (AMNH), Ujung Kulon, Indonesia, pedipalp patella: A. dorsal, B. retrolateral, and C. ventral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 196. Javanimetrus cyaneus (C.L. Koch, 1836), comb. nov., ♂ (AMNH), Ujung Kulon, Indonesia, pedipalp chela: A. retrodorsal, B. ventral, and C. prolateral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 197. Javanimetrus cyaneus (C.L. Koch, 1836), comb. nov., ♀ (AMNH), Ujung Kulon, Indonesia, pedipalp chela: A. retrodorsal, B. ventral, and C. prolateral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 198. Map of South India and Sri Lanka, plotting known locality records of four species of Sahyadrimetrus, gen. nov., and three species of Srilankametrus Couzijn, 1981, stat. nov. et stat. rev., based on material examined, and verified records from virtual museums and the literature: Sahyadrimetrus barberi (Pocock, 1900), comb. nov.; Sahyadrimetrus kanarensis (Pocock, 1900), comb. nov.; Sahyadrimetrus rugosus (Couzijn, 1981), comb. et stat. nov.; Sahyadrimetrus tikaderi, gen. et sp. nov.; Srilankametrus indus (DeGeer, 1778), comb. nov.; Srilankametrus pococki, sp. nov.; Srilankametrus serratus (Pocock, 1900), comb. nov.
FIGURE 199. Map of South India and Sri Lanka, plotting known locality records of two species of Sahyadrimetrus, gen. nov., and four species of Srilankametrus Couzijn, 1981, stat. nov., based on material examined, and verified records from virtual museums and the literature: Sahyadrimetrus mathewi, sp. nov.; Sahyadrimetrus scaber (Thorell, 1876), comb. nov.; Srilankametrus caesar (C.L. Koch, 1841), comb. nov. et stat. rev.; Srilankametrus couzijni, sp. nov.; Srilankametrus gravimanus (Pocock, 1894), comb. nov.; Srilankametrus yaleensis (Kovařík et al., 2019), comb. nov.
FIGURE 200. Sahyadrimetrus barberi (Pocock, 1900), comb. nov., holotype ♀ (BMNH 1899.9.24.1), habitus: A. dorsal and B. ventral aspects. Scale bar = 10 mm.
FIGURE 201. Sahyadrimetrus barberi (Pocock, 1900), comb. nov., holotype ♀ (BMNH 1899.9.24.1), pedipalp patella: A. dorsal, B. retrolateral, and C. ventral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 202. Sahyadrimetrus barberi (Pocock, 1900), comb. nov., holotype ♀ (BMNH 1899.9.24.1), pedipalp chela: A. retrodorsal, B. ventral, and C. prolateral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 205. Sahyadrimetrus kanarensis (Pocock, 1900), comb. nov., ♀ (AMNH), Chaudi, India, pedipalp patella: A. dorsal, B. retrolateral, and C. ventral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 206. Sahyadrimetrus kanarensis (Pocock, 1900), comb. nov., ♂ (AMNH), Chaudi, India, pedipalp chela: A. retrodorsal, B. ventral, and C. prolateral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 207. Sahyadrimetrus kanarensis (Pocock, 1900), comb. nov., ♀ (AMNH), Chaudi, India, pedipalp chela: A. retrodorsal, B. ventral, and C. prolateral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 210. Sahyadrimetrus mathewi, gen. et sp. nov., holotype ♂ (AMNH), Poomala, India, pedipalp patella: A. dorsal, B. retrolateral, and C. ventral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 211. Sahyadrimetrus mathewi, gen. et sp. nov., holotype ♂ (AMNH), Poomala, India, pedipalp chela: A. retrodorsal, B. ventral, and C. prolateral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 212. Sahyadrimetrus mathewi, gen. et sp. nov., paratype ♀ (AMNH), Poomala, India, pedipalp chela: A. retrodorsal, B. ventral, and C. prolateral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 214. Sahyadrimetrus rugosus (Couzijn, 1981), comb. nov. et stat. nov., ♀ (AMNH), Chaliyar River, India, pedipalp patella: A. dorsal, B. retrolateral, and C. ventral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm
FIGURE 215. Sahyadrimetrus rugosus (Couzijn, 1981), comb. nov. et stat. nov., ♀ (AMNH), Chaliyar River, India, pedipalp chela: A. retrodorsal, B. ventral, and C. prolateral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 217. Sahyadrimetrus scaber (Thorell, 1876), comb. nov., ♂ (AMNH), Nadpalu, India, pedipalp patella: A. dorsal, B. retrolateral, and C. ventral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 218. Sahyadrimetrus scaber (Thorell, 1876), comb. nov., ♂ (AMNH), Nadpalu, India, pedipalp chela: A. retrodorsal, B. ventral, and C. prolateral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 219. Sahyadrimetrus scaber (Thorell, 1876), comb. nov., ♀ (AMNH), Agumbe, India, pedipalp chela: A. retrodorsal, B. ventral, and C. prolateral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 222. Sahyadrimetrus tikaderi, gen. et sp. nov., paratype ♂ (MNHN RS 3266), pedipalp patella: A. dorsal, B. retrolateral, and C. ventral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 223. Sahyadrimetrus tikaderi, gen. et sp. nov., paratype ♂ (MNHN RS 3266), pedipalp chela: A. retrodorsal, B. ventral, and C. prolateral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 224. Sahyadrimetrus tikaderi, gen. et sp. nov., paratype ♀ (MNHN RS 3265), pedipalp chela: A. retrodorsal, B. ventral, and C. prolateral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 227. Srilankametrus caesar (C.L. Koch, 1841), comb. nov. et stat. rev., ♂ (MNHN RS 0079), pedipalp patella: A. dorsal, B. retrolateral, and C. ventral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 228. Srilankametrus caesar (C.L. Koch, 1841), comb. nov. et stat. rev., ♂ (MNHN RS 0079), pedipalp chela: A. retrodorsal, B. ventral, and C. prolateral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 229. Srilankametrus caesar (C.L. Koch, 1841), comb. nov. et stat. rev., ♀ (MNHN RS 0079), pedipalp chela: A. retrodorsal, B. ventral, and C. prolateral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 230. Srilankametrus couzijni, sp. nov., habitus: A, C. dorsal and B, D. ventral aspects. A, B. Holotype ♂ (BMNH 1896.7.30.121), C, D. Paratype ♂ (SMF 5332/1). Scale bars = 10 mm.
FIGURE 231. Srilankametrus couzijni, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (BMNH 1896.7.30.121), pedipalp patella: A. dorsal, B. retrolateral, and C. ventral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 232. Srilankametrus couzijni, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (BMNH 1896.7.30.121), pedipalp chela: A. retrodorsal, B. ventral, and C. prolateral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 233. Srilankametrus couzijni, sp. nov., paratype ♂ (SMF 5332/1), pedipalp chela: A. retrodorsal, B. ventral, and C. prolateral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 234. Srilankametrus gravimanus (Pocock, 1894), comb. nov., habitus: A, C. dorsal and B, D. ventral aspects. A, B. ♂ (AMNH), C, D. ♀ (AMNH), Kokmotte, Sri Lanka. Scale bars = 10 mm.
FIGURE 235. Srilankametrus gravimanus (Pocock, 1894), comb. nov., ♂ (AMNH), Kokmotte, Sri Lanka, pedipalp patella: A. dorsal, B. retrolateral, and C. ventral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 236. Srilankametrus gravimanus (Pocock, 1894), comb. nov., ♂ (AMNH), Kokmotte, Sri Lanka, pedipalp chela: A. retrodorsal, B. ventral, and C. prolateral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 237. Srilankametrus gravimanus (Pocock, 1894), comb. nov., ♀ (AMNH), Kokmotte, Sri Lanka, pedipalp chela: A. retrodorsal, B. ventral, and C. prolateral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 240. Srilankametrus indus (DeGeer, 1778), comb. nov., ♂ (AMNH), Kandy, Sri Lanka, pedipalp patella: A. dorsal, B. retrolateral, and C. ventral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 241. Srilankametrus indus (DeGeer, 1778), comb. nov., ♂ (AMNH), Kandy, Sri Lanka, pedipalp chela: A. retrodorsal, B. ventral, and C. prolateral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 242. Srilankametrus indus (DeGeer, 1778), comb. nov., ♀ (AMNH), Kandy, Sri Lanka, pedipalp chela: A. retrodorsal, B. ventral, and C. prolateral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 243. Srilankametrus pococki, sp. nov., holotype ♀ (AMNH), Kodigala, Sri Lanka, habitus: A. dorsal and B. ventral aspects. Scale bar = 10 mm.
FIGURE 244. Srilankametrus serratus (Pocock, 1900), comb. nov., habitus: A, C. dorsal and B, D. ventral aspects. A, B. ♂ (ZMH), C, D. ♀ (ZMH), Ceylon [Sri Lanka]. Scale bars = 10 mm.
FIGURE 245. Srilankametrus pococki, sp. nov., holotype ♀ (AMNH), Kodigala, Sri Lanka, pedipalp patella: A. dorsal, B. retrolateral, and C. ventral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 246. Srilankametrus pococki, sp. nov., holotype ♀ (AMNH), Kodigala, Sri Lanka, pedipalp chela: A. retrodorsal, B. ventral, and C. prolateral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 247. Srilankametrus serratus (Pocock, 1900), comb. nov., holotype ♂ (BMNH 1888.55), pedipalp patella: A. dorsal, B. retrolateral, and C. ventral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 248. Srilankametrus serratus (Pocock, 1900), comb. nov., holotype ♂ (BMNH 1888.55), pedipalp chela: A. retrodorsal, B. ventral, and C. prolateral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 249. Srilankametrus serratus (Pocock, 1900), comb. nov., ♂ (FMNH 086 916), pedipalp patella: A. dorsal, B. retrolateral, and C. ventral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 250. Srilankametrus serratus (Pocock, 1900), comb. nov., ♂ (FMNH 086 916), pedipalp chela: A. retrodorsal, B. ventral, and C. prolateral aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm.
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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Order |
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Family |
Scorpionidae Latreille, 1802
| Prendini, Lorenzo & Loria, Stephanie F. 2020 |
Scorpionidae
| Bastawade, D. B. 2009: 215 |
| Indra, T. J. 2009: 141 |
| Kovarik, F. 2009: 6 |
| Bastawade, D. B. & M. Borkar 2008: 212 |
| Kamenz, C. & L. Prendini 2008: 6 |
| Prendini, L. & T. L. Bird 2008: 77 |
| Volschenk, E. S. & L. Prendini 2008: 242 |
| Sureshan, P. M. & D. B. Bastawade & C. Radhakrishnan 2007: 2903 |
| Bastawade, D. B. 2006: 131 |
| Indra, T. J. 2006: 197 |
| Soleglad, M. E. & V. Fet & F. Kovarik 2005: 9 |
| Prendini, L. & W. C. Wheeler 2005: 447 |
| Soleglad, M. E. & V. Fet & F. Kovarik 2005: 1 |
| Thulsi Rao, K. & D. B. Bastawade & M. Sudhakar & S. M. M. Javed & I. S. R. Krishna 2005: 3 |
| Bastawade, D. B. & P. M. Sureshan & C. Radhakrishnan 2004: 43 |
| Kovarik, F. 2003: 136 |
| Prendini, L. & T. M. Crowe & W. C. Wheeler 2003: 185 |
| Soleglad, M. E. & V. Fet 2003: 1 |
| Bastawade, D. B. 2002: 295 |
| Lourenco, W. R. & D. Huber 2002: 273 |
| Indra, T. J. 2001: 55 |
| Fet, V. 2000: 427 |
| Lourenco, W. R. 2000: 25 |
| Prendini, L. 2000: 34 |
| Lourenco, W. R. 1999: 929 |
| Kovarik, F. 1998: 136 |
| Kovarik, F. 1997: 183 |
| Nenilin, A. B. & V. Fet 1992: 5 |
| Sissom, W. D. 1990: 131 |
| Lourenco, W. R. 1989: 161 |
| Francke, O. F. 1985: 18 |
| Biswas, A. T. 1984: 318 |
| Tikader, B. K. & D. B. Bastawade 1983: 2 |
| Francke, O. F. 1982: 75 |
| Couzijn, H. W. C. 1981: 4 |
| Lamoral, B. H. 1980: 440 |
| Levy, G. & P. Amitai 1980: 102 |
| Koch, L. E. 1977: 159 |
| Stahnke, H. L. 1974: 339 |
| Tikader, B. K. 1973: 263 |
| Bucherl, W. 1964: 59 |
| Petrunkevitch, A. 1955: 75 |
| Millot, J. & M. Vachon 1949: 428 |
| Fage, L. 1946: 73 |
| Kastner, A. 1941: 232 |
| Fage, L. 1936: 179 |
| Fage, L. 1933: 27 |
| Kopstein, F. 1926: 111 |
| Pavlovsky, E. N. 1924: 78 |
| Kopstein, F. 1921: 128 |
| Birula, A. A. 1917: 161 |
| Kraepelin, K. 1901: 270 |
| Pocock, R. I. 1900: 11 |
| Kraepelin, K. 1899: 96 |
| Laurie, M. 1896: 128 |
| Kraepelin, K. 1894: 8 |
| Pocock, R. I. 1893: 305 |
| Lankester, E. R. 1885: 379 |
Scorpionides
| Sundevall, C. J. 1833: 29 |
| Latreille, P. A. 1802: 46 |