Scorpionidae Latreille, 1802
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/10.1206/0003-0090.442.1.1 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E6CB374-FFEC-6D17-FD5D-620CFB89DDB9 |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe (2021-08-30 19:46:52, last updated 2021-08-30 20:11:57) |
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scientific name |
Scorpionidae Latreille, 1802 |
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Family Scorpionidae Latreille, 1802
Figures 1–10, 15–251, tables 1–5
Scorpionides Latreille, 1802: 46 , 47 (part), type genus: Scorpio Linnaeus, 1758 ; 1804: 110 (part); 1806: 130 (part); 1810: 116, 118 (part); Leach, 1814: 412; 1815: 390; Sundevall, 1833: 29 (part).
Scorpiones : Ehrenberg in Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1828, pl. I, figs. 1, 2 (family, part).
Buthides: C.L. Koch, 1837: 36, 37 (part).
Centrurides C.L. Koch, 1837: 38 (part), type genus: Centrurus Ehrenberg, 1829
[= Heterometrus Ehrenberg, 1828 ].
Pandinoidae Thorell, 1876a: 11 (part), type genus: Pandinus Thorell, 1876 ; 1876b: 83 (part); Karsch, 1879a: 19 (part); Thorell and Lindström, 1885: 25 (part).
Heterometridae Simon, 1879: 92, 115, type genus: Heterometrus Ehrenberg, 1828 (part) [= Scorpio Linnaeus, 1758 ].
Scorpionidae : Lankester, 1885: 379 (part); Pocock, 1893: 305, 306 (part); Kraepelin, 1894: 8 (part); Laurie, 1896b: 128 (part); Kraepelin, 1899: 96 (part); Pocock, 1900a: 11, 84; Kraepelin, 1901: 270 (part); 1905: 343 (part); 1913: 165; Birula, 1917a: 161 (part); 1917b: 58, 59 (part); Kopstein, 1921: 128; Pavlovsky, 1924a: 78 (part); 1925: 190, 191, 195 (part); Kopstein, 1926: 111; Fage, 1933: 27; Werner, 1934: 275 (part); Fage, 1936: 179, 181; Kästner, 1941: 232 (part); Fage, 1946: 73; Millot and Vachon, 1949: 428 (part); Petrunkevitch, 1955: 75; Bücherl, 1964: 59 (part); 1967: 114 (part); Tikader, 1973: 263; Stahnke, 1974: 339 (part); L.E. Koch, 1977: 159 (part); Lamoral, 1980: 440 (part); Levy and Amitai, 1980: 102 (part); Couzijn, 1981: 4, 5, 20; Francke, 1982: 75 (part); Tikader and Bastawade, 1983: 2, 3, 27, 32, 517, 518, fig. 45; Biswas, 1984: 318, 320, 321; Francke, 1985: 18; Lourenço, 1989: 161, 174; Sissom, 1990: 131; Nenilin and Fet, 1992: 5 (part); Kovařík, 1997: 183; 1998: 136; Lourenço, 1999: 929 (part); Fet, 2000: 427, 428 (part); Lourenço, 2000: 25; Prendini, 2000a: 34, 35, 39, 44; Indra, 2001: 55, 56; Bastawade, 2002: 295; Lourenço and Huber, 2002: 273; Kovařík, 2003: 136, table 1; Prendini et al., 2003: 185–189, 192–194, 206, 209, 210, 212, 217, 220, 223, 226, 230, 235, 250, 252–259, tables 1, 3, 4, 6, figs. 1–3, 8, appendices 1, 2; Soleglad and Fet, 2003a: 1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 29, 56, 58, 59, 61, 67, 71, 75, 84, 86, 88, 111–117, 119–121, 138, 139, 141, 145, 148, tables 1, 9, 11, figs. 114, 126, appendices A, B (part); 2003b: 2, 5, 8, 18, 25, 31, table 1, figs. 5, 22; Bastawade, 2004: 286, 290; Bastawade et al., 2004: 43, 44, 47, 49, 56, 57, figs. 6, 10; Bastawade, 2005: 411, 417; Fet and Soleglad, 2005: 9, 13 (part); Prendini, 2005: 28, 29, 32–36, tables 1, 2, figs. 1, 2; Prendini and Wheeler, 2005: 447, 448, 449, 471, 477, 481, 482, 491, tables 2, 10, appendix 1; Soleglad et al., 2005: 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 14–17, 19, 20, 21, 23–26, 28–30, 32, 33–35, tables 1, 4, 6, figs. 37–39, 68–70, 72–74 (part); Thulsi Rao et al., 2005: 3, 8; Bastawade, 2006a: 131; Indra, 2006: 197, 199; Sureshan et al., 2007a: 2903, 2905; 2007b: 49, 52; Wirkner and Prendini, 2007: 402; Bastawade, 2008: 133, 136; Bastawade and Borkar, 2008: 212, 215, 218; Kamenz and Prendini, 2008: 6, 31, 33, table 1; Prendini and Bird, 2008: 77; Volschenk and Prendini, 2008: 242, 249; Volschenk et al., 2008: 653, 656, 669; Bastawade, 2009: 215, 219; Indra, 2009: 141; Kovařík, 2009: 6, 14, 15, 17, 18, 27, 28, 33 (part), fig. 8, pl. J;
Bastawade, D. B. 2002. Scorpion diversity. In A. P Jagtap and N. P. Singh (editors), Biodiversity of the Western Ghats of Maharashtra. Current Knowledge: 94, 95, 294 - 296. Dehra Dun: Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh.
Bastawade, D. B., P. M. Sureshan, and C. Radhakrishnan. 2004. An illustrated key to the identification of scorpions (Scorpionida: Arachnida) of Kerala and notes on some interesting new records. Records of the Zoological Survey of India 103: 43 - 58.
Bastawade, D. B. 2006 a. Arachnida: Scorpionida and Amblypygi. In Fauna of Sanjay Gandhi National Park (Invertebrates). Zoological Survey of India, Conservation Area Series 26: 131 - 138.
Bastawade, D. B., and M. Borkar. 2008. Arachnida (Orders Scorpiones, Uropygi, Amblypygi, Araneae and Phalangida). In Fauna of Goa. Zoological Survey of India, State Fauna Series 16: 211 - 242.
Bastawade, D. B. 2009. Arachnida: Scorpiones. In Fauna of Bhimashankar Wildlife Sanctuary. Zoological Survey of India, Conservation Area Series 42: 215 - 222.
Birula, A. A. 1917 a. Arachnoidea Arthrogastra Caucasica. Pars I. Scorpiones. Zapiski Kavkazskogo Muzeya [Memoires du Musee du Caucase]. Tiflis: Imprimerie de la Chancellerie du Comite pour la Transcaucasie A (5): 1 - 253. [in Russian; English translation: A. A. Byalynitskii-Birulya. 1964. Arthrogastric arachnids of Caucasia. 1. Scorpions. Jerusalem: Israel Program for Scientific Translations, 170 pp.]
Biswas, A. T. 1984. Scorpions (Scorpiones). In Fauna of Rajaji National Park. Zoological Survey of India, Fauna of Conservation Areas 5: 317 - 323.
Bucherl, W. 1964. Distribucao geografica dos aracnoides peconhentos temiveis. Memorias do Instituto de Butantan 31: 55 - 66.
Couzijn, H. W. C. 1981. Revision of the genus Heterometrus. Zoologische Verhandelingen 184: 1 - 196.
Fage, L. 1933. Les scorpions de l'Indochine francaise, leurs affinites, leurs distribution geographique. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 102: 25 - 34.
Fage, L. 1936. Nouvelle contribution a l'etude des scorpions de l'Indochine francaise. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 41: 179 - 181.
Fage, L. 1946. Scorpions et pedipalpes de l'Indochine francaise. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 113: 71 - 81.
Fet, V. 2000. Family Scorpionidae Latreille, 1802. In V. Fet, W. D. Sissom, G. Lowe, and M. E. Braunwalder, Catalog of the scorpions of the World (1758 - 1998): 427 - 486. New York: New York Entomological Society.
Francke, O. F. 1982. Order Scorpiones. In S. P. Parker (editor), Synopsis and classification of living organisms: 73 - 75. New York: McGraw Hill.
Francke, O. F. 1985. Conspectus genericus scorpionorum 1758 - 1982 (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Occasional Papers of the Museum, Texas Tech University 98: 1 - 32.
Hemprich, F. G., and C. G. Ehrenberg. 1828. Zoologica II. Arachnoidea. Plate I: Buthus; plate II: Androctonus. In Symbolae physicae seu icones et descriptiones animalium evertebratorum sepositis insectis quae ex itinere per Africam borealem et Asiam occidentalem. Decas Prima, Plates IX et X. Berolini: Officina Academica.
Indra, T. J. 2001. Scorpion. In Fauna of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. Zoological Survey of India, Fauna of Conservation Area Series II: 55 - 58.
Indra, T. J. 2006. Scorpion. In Fauna of Bilgiri Rangaswamy Temple Wildlife Sanctuary. Zoological Survey of India, Conservation Area Series 27: 197 - 200.
Indra, T. J. 2009. Scorpionida. In Fauna of Tamil Nadu. Zoological Survey of India, Fauna Series 17: 141 - 143.
Kamenz, C., and L. Prendini. 2008. An atlas of book lung ultrastructure in the order Scorpiones (Arachnida). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 316: 1 - 259.
Karsch, F. 1879 a. Skorpionologische Beitrage. Part I. Mitteilungen des Munchener Entomologischen Vereins 3: 6 - 22.
Kastner, A. 1941. 1. Ordnung der Arachnida: Scorpiones. In T. Krumbach (editor), Handbuch der Zoologie 3: 117 - 240. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter Verlag.
Koch, C. L. 1837. Die Arachniden. Nurnberg: C. H. Zeh'sche Buchhandlung 4 (1 - 5): 1 - 108, pl. 119 - 138 (figs. 253 - 318).
Koch, L. E. 1977. The taxonomy, geographic distribution and evolutionary radiation of Australo-Papuan scorpions. Records of the Western Australian Museum 5: 83 - 367.
Kopstein, F. 1921. Die Skorpione des Indo-Australischen Archipels. Mit Grundlage der in hollandischen Sammlungen, vornahmlich des Rijks-Museums in Leiden, vorhandenen Arten. Zoologische Mededeelingen 6: 115 - 144.
Kopstein, F. 1926. De Schorpioenen van Java. De Troopischer Natuur 15: 109 - 118.
Kovarik, F. 1997. A check-list of scorpions (Arachnida) in the collections of the Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 89: 177 - 185.
Kovarik, F. 1998. Stiri [Scorpions]. Jihlava, Czech Republic: Madagaskar, 176 pp. [in Czech]
Kovarik, F. 2003. Scorpions of Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia (Arachnida: Scorpiones), with a key and descriptions of three new species. Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae 67: 133 - 159.
Kovarik, F. 2009. Illustrated catalog of scorpions. Part 1. Introductory remarks; keys to families and genera; subfamily Scorpioninae with keys to Heterometrus and Pandinus species. Prague: Clarion Production. 170 pp.
Kraepelin, K. 1894. Revision der Skorpione. II. Scorpionidae und Bothriuridae. Beiheft zum Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten 11: 1 - 248.
Kraepelin, K. 1899. Scorpiones und Pedipalpi. In F. Dahl (editor), Das Tierreich, 8 (Arachnoidea): 1 - 265. Herausgegeben von der Deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft. Berlin: R. Friedlander und Sohn Verlag.
Kraepelin, K. 1901. Catalogue des scorpions des collections du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 7: 265 - 274.
Lamoral, B. H. 1980. A reappraisal of the suprageneric classification of Recent scorpions and their zoogeography. In J. Grube (editor), Verhandlungen. 8. Internationaler Arachnologen-Kongress abgehalten an der Universitat fur Bodenkultur Wien, 7 - 12 Juli, 1980: 439 - 444. Vienna: H. Egermann.
Lankester, E. R. 1885. Notes on certain points of the anatomy of generic characters of scorpions. Transactions of the Zoological Society, London 11: 372 - 384.
Latreille, P. A. 1802 ( An X ). Histoire naturelle, generale et particuliere, des crustaces et des insectes. 3. (Ouvrage faisant suite a l'histoire naturelle generale et particuliere, composee par Leclerc de Buffon, et redigee par C. S. Sonnini.) Paris: F. Dufart.
Laurie, M. 1896 b. Further notes on the anatomy and development of scorpions, and their bearing on the classification of the order. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Ser. 6) 17: 121 - 133.
Levy, G., and P. Amitai. 1980. Fauna Palaestina. Arachnida. I. Scorpiones. Jerusalem: Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities.
Linnaeus, C. (C. von Linne). 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, loci. Ed. 10. 1: 1 - 821. [Scorpiones: pp. 624, 625.] Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii.
Lourenco, W. R. 1989. Retablissement de la famille des Ischnuridae, distincte des Scorpionidae Pocock, 1893, a partir de la sous-famille des Ischnurinae, Pocock, 1893. Revue Arachnologique 8: 159 - 177.
Lourenco, W. R. 1999. Considerations taxonomiques sur le genre Hadogenes Kraepelin, 1894; creation de la sous-famille des Hadogeninae n. subfam., et description d'une espece nouvelle pour l'Angola (Scorpiones, Scorpionidae, Hadogeninae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie 106: 929 - 938.
Lourenco, W. R. 2000. Panbiogeographie, les familles des scorpions et leur repartition geographique. Biogeographica 76: 21 - 39.
Lourenco, W. R., and D. Huber. 2002. New addition to the scorpion fauna (Arachnida: Scorpiones) of Sri Lanka. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 109: 265 - 275.
Millot, J., and M. Vachon. 1949. Ordre des scorpions. In P. - P. Grasse (editor), Traite de zoologie, vol. 6: 386 - 436. Paris: Masson et Cie.
Nenilin, A. B., and V. Fet. 1992. Zoogeographical analysis of the world scorpion fauna (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Arthropoda Selecta 1: 3 - 31. [in Russian; extended English summary]
Pavlovsky, E. N. 1924 a. On the morphology of the male genital apparatus in scorpions. Trudy Leningradskogo Obshchestva Yestestvoispytatelei [Transactions of the Leningrad Society of Naturalists] 53: 17 - 86.
Petrunkevitch, A. 1955. Arachnida. In R. C. Moore (editor), Treatise on invertebrate paleontology. Part P. Arthropoda. 2. Chelicerata with sections on Pycnogonida and Palaeoisopus: 42 - 162. Lawrence, KS: Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.
Pocock, R. I. 1893. Report upon a small collection of scorpions sent to the British Museum by Mr. Edgar Thurston, of the Government Central Museum, Madras. Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 7: 295 - 312.
Pocock, R. I. 1900 a. Arachnida. In W. T. Blandford (editor), The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. London: Taylor and Francis, 279 pp.
Prendini, L. 2000 a. Phylogeny and classification of the superfamily Scorpionoidea Latreille 1802 (Chelicerata, Scorpiones): an exemplar approach. Cladistics 16: 1 - 78.
Prendini, L., T. M. Crowe, and W. C. Wheeler. 2003. Systematics and biogeography of the family Scorpionidae Latreille, with a discussion of phylogenetic methods. Invertebrate Systematics 17: 185 - 259.
Prendini, L., and W. C. Wheeler. 2005. Scorpion higher phylogeny and classification, taxonomic anarchy, and standards for peer review in online publishing. Cladistics 21: 446 - 494.
Prendini, L. and T. L. Bird. 2008. Scorpions of the Brandberg Massif, Namibia: species richness inversely correlated with altitude. African Invertebrates 49: 77 - 107.
Simon, E. 1879. 3 e Ordre. Scorpiones. In Les arachnides de France. VII. Contenant les ordres des Chernetes, Scorpiones et Opiliones: 79 - 115. Paris: Roret.
Sissom, W. D. 1990. Systematics, biogeography and paleontology. In G. A. Polis (editor), The biology of scorpions: 64 - 160. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Soleglad, M. E., and V. Fet. 2003 a. High-level systematics and phylogeny of the extant scorpions (Scorpiones: Orthosterni). Euscorpius 11: ii + 1 - 175.
Soleglad, M. E., V. Fet, and F. Kovarik. 2005. The systematic position of the scorpion genera Heteroscorpion Birula, 1903 and Urodacus Peters, 1861 (Scorpiones: Scorpionoidea). Euscorpius 20: 1 - 38.
Stahnke, H. L. 1974. An estimate of the number of taxa in the order Scorpionida. BioScience 24: 339.
Sundevall, C. J. 1833. Conspectus arachnidum. Londini Gothorum: C. F. Berling. 39 pp.
Sureshan, P. M., D. B. Bastawade, and C. Radhakrishnan. 2007 a. Taxonomic studies on a collection of scorpions (Scorpiones: Arachnida) from Western Ghats in Kerala, India with two new distribution records. Zoos' Print Journal 22: 2903 - 2908.
Thorell, T. 1876 a. On the classification of scorpions. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Ser. 4) 17: 1 - 15.
Thorell, T., and G. Lindstrom. 1885. On a Silurian scorpion from Gotland. Bihang till Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar 21: 1 - 33.
Thulsi Rao, K., D. B. Bastawade, M. Sudhakar, S. M. M. Javed, and I. S. R. Krishna. 2005. Arachnid fauna of Nallamalai Region Eastern Ghats, Andhra Pradesh, India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Occasional Paper 239: 1 - 42.
Tikader, B. K. 1973. Arachnida of the Deccan area. Bulletin of the Indian National Science Academy 45: 260 - 276.
Tikader, B. K., and D. B. Bastawade. 1983. Fauna of India, vol. 3. Scorpions (Scorpionida: Arachnida). Zoological Survey of India. Pune: Sangam Press. 671 pp.
Volschenk, E. S., and L. Prendini. 2008. Aops oncodactylus gen. et sp. nov., the first troglobitic urodacid (Chelicerata: Scorpiones), with a re-assessment of cavernicolous, troglobitic and troglomorphic scorpions. Invertebrate Systematics 22: 235 - 257.
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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Scorpionidae Latreille, 1802
| Prendini, Lorenzo & Loria, Stephanie F. 2020 |
Scorpionidae
| Bastawade, D. B. 2009: 215 |
| Indra, T. J. 2009: 141 |
| Kovarik, F. 2009: 6 |
| Bastawade, D. B. & M. Borkar 2008: 212 |
| Kamenz, C. & L. Prendini 2008: 6 |
| Prendini, L. & T. L. Bird 2008: 77 |
| Volschenk, E. S. & L. Prendini 2008: 242 |
| Sureshan, P. M. & D. B. Bastawade & C. Radhakrishnan 2007: 2903 |
| Bastawade, D. B. 2006: 131 |
| Indra, T. J. 2006: 197 |
| Soleglad, M. E. & V. Fet & F. Kovarik 2005: 9 |
| Prendini, L. & W. C. Wheeler 2005: 447 |
| Soleglad, M. E. & V. Fet & F. Kovarik 2005: 1 |
| Thulsi Rao, K. & D. B. Bastawade & M. Sudhakar & S. M. M. Javed & I. S. R. Krishna 2005: 3 |
| Bastawade, D. B. & P. M. Sureshan & C. Radhakrishnan 2004: 43 |
| Kovarik, F. 2003: 136 |
| Prendini, L. & T. M. Crowe & W. C. Wheeler 2003: 185 |
| Soleglad, M. E. & V. Fet 2003: 1 |
| Bastawade, D. B. 2002: 295 |
| Lourenco, W. R. & D. Huber 2002: 273 |
| Indra, T. J. 2001: 55 |
| Fet, V. 2000: 427 |
| Lourenco, W. R. 2000: 25 |
| Prendini, L. 2000: 34 |
| Lourenco, W. R. 1999: 929 |
| Kovarik, F. 1998: 136 |
| Kovarik, F. 1997: 183 |
| Nenilin, A. B. & V. Fet 1992: 5 |
| Sissom, W. D. 1990: 131 |
| Lourenco, W. R. 1989: 161 |
| Francke, O. F. 1985: 18 |
| Biswas, A. T. 1984: 318 |
| Tikader, B. K. & D. B. Bastawade 1983: 2 |
| Francke, O. F. 1982: 75 |
| Couzijn, H. W. C. 1981: 4 |
| Lamoral, B. H. 1980: 440 |
| Levy, G. & P. Amitai 1980: 102 |
| Koch, L. E. 1977: 159 |
| Stahnke, H. L. 1974: 339 |
| Tikader, B. K. 1973: 263 |
| Bucherl, W. 1964: 59 |
| Petrunkevitch, A. 1955: 75 |
| Millot, J. & M. Vachon 1949: 428 |
| Fage, L. 1946: 73 |
| Kastner, A. 1941: 232 |
| Fage, L. 1936: 179 |
| Fage, L. 1933: 27 |
| Kopstein, F. 1926: 111 |
| Pavlovsky, E. N. 1924: 78 |
| Kopstein, F. 1921: 128 |
| Birula, A. A. 1917: 161 |
| Kraepelin, K. 1901: 270 |
| Pocock, R. I. 1900: 11 |
| Kraepelin, K. 1899: 96 |
| Laurie, M. 1896: 128 |
| Kraepelin, K. 1894: 8 |
| Pocock, R. I. 1893: 305 |
| Lankester, E. R. 1885: 379 |
Scorpionides
| Sundevall, C. J. 1833: 29 |
| Latreille, P. A. 1802: 46 |