Csiroleon fasciatus Machado, 2020

Machado, Renato Jose Pires & Oswald, John David, 2020, Morphological phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the former antlion subtribe Periclystina (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae), Zootaxa 4796 (1), pp. 1-322 : 38-41

Csiroleon fasciatus Machado , new species

( Figs. 5 , 8–9 )

http://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/ 3540FB38-3391-4515-93E5-BE1D4D9F73DE

Diagnosis. Wings hyaline; thorax mostly pale with brown marks; mesonotum without flattened setae; abdomen transversely banded, pale and brown.

Description. Lengths: forewing: 16–19 mm; hind wing: 14–18 mm.

Head ( Figs. 8 a–b): Labrum pale, set with a line of pale setae. Clypeus pale, with few pale elongate setae. Frons with ventral area pale and remaining area black but enclosing a short transverse pale mark between antennae; black area with ventral margin excavated medially; beset with short white setae. Gena pale. Vertex raised; in anterior view mostly pale with some irregular light brown marks; in dorsal view pale with two medial perpendicular black marks; set with short black setae. Ocular setae elongate and white. Antennae clubbed; short, slightly longer than pronotum; distance between antennae about the same size of scape width; scape pale, remaining segments with anterior surface pale but posterior surface dark brown; torular membrane yellow; flagellomeres slightly wider than long at base, but apical ones much wider than long; flagellum set with short black setae, scape and pedicel set with short white setae. Mandibles pale with tip dark brown. Maxillary Palpus short and pale. Labial Palpus extremely elongate, basal segment short and pale, second segment about as long as profemur, mostly pale but dorsal margin dark brown apically; distal palpomere about as long as half of second segment length, narrow basally but rounded and broad apically, pale but tip slightly darker, palpimacula opening slit-like and extending around the apex.

Thorax ( Fig. 8b ): Pronotum about as long as wide; posterior margin as wide as anterior; subapical furrow present; mostly pale with some dark brown areas; lateral margins at posterior half, a broad central line extending from the posterior margin up to furrow, two small rounded marks at furrow (near central area), and two large spots around central line at anterior area; set with short black setae and some long white setae on margins. Mesonotum, prescutum mostly pale but anterior margin dark brown; scutellum pale except for the dark posterior margin; prescutum set with many short black setae and few long white setae. Metanotum mostly pale, except for dark brown marks on scutum (laterally and small rounded central marks), scutellum entirely brown; set with few short black setae. Pterothoracic pleura, all segments dark brown dorsally but pale ventrally; covered with white setae. Miller’s organ absent.

Wings ( Fig. 8c ): Fairly broad; Banksian lines absent in both wings; veins dark brown intercalated with white spots; beset with short black setae. Forewing membrane hyaline; pterostigma mostly white but base brown; CuA fork located slightly beyond RP origin; two to three presectoral crossveins; subcostal veinlets mostly simple but some apical ones forked; posterior area wider than prefork area at CuA fork level. Hind wing membrane hyaline; pterostigma white; MP fork located near RP origin; subcostal veinlets simple; one presectoral crossvein.

Legs ( Figs. 8 a–b): All pairs, femur short (<2x length of coxa); tibia slightly shorter than femur and about the same size of tarsi; tibial spurs long, reaching T1 apex; T2, T3 and T4 about the same size, T1> 2x length of T2, T5 slightly longer than T1; claws about as long as T5 and capable of closing against T5; coxa, trochanter, femur and tibia covered with many short white setae and some long white setae; femur, tibia and tarsi set with short black setae and some long setae at tibia; T5 ventrally with numerous thick, long black setae. Proleg sense hair longer than femur length; tibia with antennal cleaning setae in most of ventral surface; coxa mostly pale with scattered brown marks at external surface; trochanter pale; femur slightly broader than in the other legs, mostly pale, but external surface slightly darker, tibia pale with two dark rings (an apical and a medial); tarsi dark brown except for base of T1 and T5 pale. Mesoleg similar to proleg, except for coxa entirely pale; femoral sense hair longer than femur length. Metaleg similar to other legs except with T1 slightly longer; colour similar to mesoleg, except for tibia with dark brown rings smaller, and T1 mostly pale (except tip, dark brown).

Abdomen: Sternites pale. Tergite I pale except for lateral margins brown; tergite II brown except for anterior corners pale; remaining tergites with posterior halves brown, anterior halves mostly pale (forming a banded pattern). Covered with short black setae.

Male Terminalia: Unknown.

Female Terminalia ( Fig. 9 ): Ectoproct posterior margin rounded, set with thin elongate setae and some cavisetae ventrally. Lateral gonapophyses rounded, smaller than ectoproct, beset with cavisetae. 7 th sternite long and with distal border straight, in ventral view; covered with short setae. Pregenital plate small sclerotized mark in ventral view. Posterior gonapophyses stout, beset with very long black setae. 9 th tergite membranous digitiform process absent. Anterior gonapophyses absent. Ventral membrane covered with short setae medially.

Distribution ( Fig. 5 ). Australia: SA. Known only from South Australia.

Adult activity period. Records for November and February.

Biology. Unknown, larva unknown.

Etymology. fasci - (from L. fascia, band or stripe) + - atus (from Latin -atus, having the nature of), in reference to the banded pattern of the abdomen.

Name-bearing type. Csiroleon fasciatus : Holotype (by present designation), female, SAMA. AUSTRALIA: South Australia: Farina Creek : 20.ii.1966, N. McFarland; SAMA Database No. 24-000114. Condition: good; pinned; left antennal flagellum broken; terminalia dissected, preserved with glycerin in a micro vial pinned below the specimen.

Paratypes (2♀). AUSTRALIA: South Australia: Cooper Pedy: 25.xi.1989, R.B. Miller (1♀, FSCA, pinned); Finke River : 1953, J.W. Rose (1♀, SAMA, pinned) .

Comments. Csiroleon fasciatus sp. nov. is clearly related to C. tumidipalpus ; both share the extremely elongate labial palpi, which seems to be unique among Dendroleontinae . Pretarsal claws, ocular setae, and terminalia are also very similar in both species. Despite these shared similarities, C. fasciatus is easily distinguished from C. tumidipalpus by the much paler body, hyaline wings, reduced number of elongate setae on legs and mesonotum, and particularly by the banded pattern of the abdomen. The description of this new species is justified by all of these characters, despite the fact that the males of C. fasciatus are still unknown. For phylogenetic relationships see Fig. 4 .

Figures

FIGURE 4. Strict consensus tree of morphology-based parsimony analysis of species belonging to the former subtribe Periclystina (ingroup, names in black), and outgroups (names in red). Former Glenoleon species are shown on blue branches, former Austrogymnocnemia species on green branches. Numbers above branches are Bremer support values; numbers below branches are bootstrap values (shown where>50%).

FIGURE 5. Distribution of Anomaloplectron and Csiroleon species.

FIGURE 8. Csiroleon fasciatus sp. nov.: a) head, anterior; b) head and thorax, dorsal; c) wings, dorsal.

FIGURE 9. Csiroleon fasciatus sp. nov.: female: a) terminalia, lateral; b) terminalia, ventral. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.