Fissuleon nigristriatus (New, 1985)

Machado, Renato Jose Pires & Oswald, John David, 2020, Morphological phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the former antlion subtribe Periclystina (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae), Zootaxa 4796 (1), pp. 1-322 : 53-56

Fissuleon nigristriatus (New, 1985) , new combination

( Figs. 12 , 17–18 )

http://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/ 61C7B7DE-5E34-4A79-8E41-2717B7689293

Glenoleon nigristriatus New 1985b:49 (OD); New 1996:84 (cat); Stange 2004:106 (cat); Oswald 2018 (cat).

Diagnosis. Body mostly dark; subcostal area of forewing brown; pronotum covered with long white setae.

Description. Lengths: forewing: 24–38 mm; hind wing: 22–37 mm.

Head ( Figs. 17 a–b): Labrum pale, set with a line of elongate setae. Clypeus pale, with elongate setae. Frons with ventral half pale, dorsal half black, in some specimens there are some pale spots on the black area; beset with short white setae. Gena pale. Vertex raised; in anterior view pale, with a central black line; in dorsal view mostly yellow with some black marks posteriorly; set with small black setae. Ocular setae elongate and white. Antennae clubbed; elongate,> 2x length of pronotum; distance between antennae narrower than scape width; flagellomeres black with a distal pale ring (in some specimens the pale rings are absent on distal flagellomeres); torular membrane yellow; flagellomeres almost as long as wide at base, apical ones much wider than long; all segments set with short black setae. Mandibles pale with tip dark brown. Palpi, maxillary and labial with basal segments light brown, remaining segments black, apical labial palpomere fusiform, palpimacula opening a longitudinal slit, located medially.

Thorax ( Fig. 17b ): Pronotum about as long as wide; posterior margin as wide as anterior; subapical furrow present; mostly pale with two large longitudinal black bands around central region and some small spots on pale area; covered with short black setae and some white elongate setae on borders. Mesonotum mostly pale (grey in darker specimens), with a central longitudinal black band and scattered black spots, mostly covered with short black setae, and some white setae. Metanotum grey with a central longitudinal black band, covered with small white setae. Pterothoracic pleura mostly black with scattered pale spots, in some specimens the pale areas are large, mostly ventrally; covered with long white setae. Miller’s organ absent.

Wings ( Fig. 17c ): Rather narrow, with tip acute; Banksian lines absent in both wings; veins set with short black setae, most of longitudinal veins white, but Sc and R black intercalated by numerous short white regions, crossveins black. Male pilula axillaris present. Forewing membrane mostly hyaline except for the dark subcostal area and scattered mark at mediocubital area; CuA fork located near RP origin; three or four presectoral crossveins (distal crossvein with a medial veinlet connecting with RP); subcostal veinlets simple; posterior area almost twice as wider as prefork area. Hind wing membrane hyaline except for small brown marks at rhegmal region, and pterostigma; MP fork located near RP origin; subcostal veinlets simple; one presectoral crossvein.

Legs ( Fig. 17a ): All pairs of legs, femur enlarged (> 2x length of coxa); tibia slightly shorter than femur but slightly longer than tarsi; tibial spurs long, surpassing T2 apex; T2, T3 and T4 about the same size, T1 slightly longer than T2, T5 ≥ 2x length of T1; claws about half of T5 length; all segments covered with many short white setae and scattered long white setae (mainly on femur); tibia and tarsi set with short black setae; T5 ventrally with two rows of thick, long, black setae. Proleg sense hair about half of femur length; tibia with antennal cleaning setae ventroapically; coxa mostly dark brown with pale marks; trochanter and femur dark brown, femur apex pale in some specimens; tibia dark brown with three pale rings; T1 and basal half of T5 pale, remaining areas dark brown. Mesoleg with same colour pattern of proleg. Metaleg femur, tibia and T1 slightly longer than in other legs; colour pattern very similar to other legs, except tibia, with the anterior surface mostly pale.

Abdomen: Mostly grey, with scattered yellow marks generally at the sternites and distal tergites; anterior segments with some white setae, remaining segments covered with short black setae.

Male Terminalia ( Figs. 18 a–c): Ectoproct posterior margin rounded in lateral view; set with elongate black setae. 9 th sternite posterior border curved; set with elongate black setae. Gonarcus thin and elongate in lateral view, arched in posterior view. Mediuncus membranous. Paramere enlarged with tip and ventral margin more sclerotized.

Female Terminalia ( Figs. 18 d–e): Ectoproct posterior margin rounded set with thin elongate setae and some cavisetae ventrally. Lateral gonapophyses rounded, smaller than ectoproct, beset with cavisetae. 7 th sternite with distal border straight in ventral view; covered with short setae. Pregenital plate broad and transversely extended. Posterior gonapophyses stout, beset with very long black setae. 9 th tergite membranous digitiform process absent. Anterior gonapophyses absent. Ventral membrane with a ventromedial plate covered with short setae.

Distribution ( Fig. 12 ). Australia: NSW*, NT, QLD*, SA*, WA*. Widespread across mainland Australia.

Adult activity period. Records for August to February.

Biology. Unknown, larva unknown.

Name-bearing type. Glenoleon nigristriatus : Holotype (by original designation), female, SAMA, examined. Type locality: Australia, Northern Territory, The Gorge , between Hatches Creek and Elkedra. From original description: “ Holotype, ♀, Northern Territory, The Gorge WH. between Hatches Creek and Elkedra, 7.x.1977, J. A. Forrest ( SAM)”. Condition: good, with terminalia dissected.

Additional material examined (73♂, 86♀). AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Nombinnie Nature Reserve: 18 air km SSE Mount Hope , 160m, 32.99613 oS– 145.94006 oE ± 70m, 3.i.2013, M.V., Oswald, Diehl & Machado, Oswald #626 (10♂, 11♀, TAMU) ; 4 km N of Talyealye Hsd , 29 o 05’28’’S– 144 o 27’59’’E, 17.i.1999, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♂, 2♀, AMSA) ; Northern Territory: Alice Springs: Emily Gap , 17.ii.1966, Upton (1♀, 1♂, ANIC) ; 6.x.1978, Upton (1♂, ANIC) ; Barrow Creek : 12.x.1972, Upton (1♂, ANIC) ; 13.ii.1966 (1♀, 2♂, ANIC) ; Bor- roloola: 1.xi.1975, Upton (2♀, 1♂, ANIC) ; Darwin : ix.1953 (1♀, SAMA) ; Devil’s Marbles : xi.1960 (1♂, FSCA) ; 27.ii.1962 (1♀, FSCA) ; Gorge WH: between Hatches creek and Elkedra , 7.x.1977 (2♂, 1♀ PT, SAMA) ; Ooratip- pra: 31.x.1962, E.S. Ross (2♂, 1♀, FSCA) ; Ready Rockhole: near Kings Canyon , George Gill Rg., 31.i.1984, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♂, 2♀, AMSA) ; Tennant Creek : 9.xi.1966, A & E Mesa (1♀, 1♂, ANIC) ; Three Ways : 7.x.1972, E. F. Riek (1♀, 1♂, ANIC) ; Victoria River Downs : 8 km WSW, 12.viii.1973, L.P. Kelsey (1♀, ANIC) ; Queensland: Blackdown Tableland National Park: Charlevue road, 17 air km SSE Bluff 23.72965°S 149.11972°E ± 30m, R Machado, MV light, 21.xii.2015, AustRM#06 (1♂, TAMU) ; Miles : xi.1990 (1♀, QMBA) ; South Australia: Alawoona : 13 km S, 6.i.1996, M.S. & B.J. Moulds & K.A. Kopestonsky (1♂, AMSA) ; Cungena: near Landfill , 100m, 32.58559 oS– 134.72105 oE ± 50m, 30.xii.2012, M.V., Oswald, Diehl & Machado, Oswald #622 (1♂, TAMU) ; Everard Park : x.1970 (1♂, 2♀, SAMA) ; xi.1970 (2♂, 2♀, SAMA) ; Kychering Soak : (1♀, MVM) ; Lake Gilles : xii.1980 (1♀, SAMA) ; Mount Davis : xi.1963 (1♂, SAMA) ; Musgrave Range : ii.1966 (1♂, 1♀, SAMA) ; Peter- mann Range : x.1963 (1♀, SAMA) ; Western Australia: Browne Range: Mount Gordon , 7.x.1960 (1♀, ANIC) ; 80 km E of Cosmo Newberry , 27.55S– 123.29E, 27.xii.1995, M.S. & B.J. Moulds & K.A. Kopestonsky (3♂, 1♀, AMSA) ; 28.xii.1995 (1♀, AMSA) ; Dampier : 18.x.1970, Upton (2♀, ANIC) ; Deeba Rock Hole: 34 km NEbyN of Laverton , 28.22S– 122.37E, 12.xi.1977, M.S. Upton (1♂, 1♀, ANIC) ; Flora Valley Station : x.1953 (1♀, SAMA) ; 70 air km WWNW of Gascoyne Junction , 24.87559 oS– 114.55150 oE ± 90m, 21.xii.2012, M.V., Oswald, Diehl & Machado, Oswald #613 (7♂, 9♀, TAMU) ; Glenroy H.S.: 6.ix.1964 (1♀, 2♂, ANIC) ; Halls Creek : 1.x.1953, N.B. Tindale (1♂, 2♀, SAMA) ; 14.x.1953 (1♂, SAMA) ; 10.x.1953 (1♂, SAMA) ; Lansdowne H S: 21.ix.1964, Plumb (2♀, ANIC) ; 18 km SE of Leinster , 28.05S– 120.51E, 16.i.1989, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♀, AMSA) ; Liveringa Sta- tion: ix.1953 (3♂, 2♀, SAMA) ; Louisa : DNS 15 mi W, 18.x.1962 (1♂, 1♀, FSCA) ; Marvel Loch : 27.xii.1983, K. & E. Carbany (1♂, 1♀, AMSA) ; Millstream : 24.x.1970, J.C. Cardale (3♂, 3♀, ANIC, TAMU) ; 2 km NE, 21.35S– 117.04E, 30.x.1970, Upton & Feehan (6♂, 8♀, ANIC) ; 23.x.1970, J.C. Cardale (1♀, FSCA) ; 21.35S– 117.04E, 2.xi.1970, Upton & Feehan (2♂, ANIC) ; Morgan Falls : 15.02S– 126.40E, 16–17.viii.1975, I.F.B. Common & M.S. Upton (1♀, ANIC) ; Murdoch District : ii.1892 (1♂, 3♀, SAMA) ; highway 136, 13 air km NENE of Nanutarra Roadhouse , 22.47124 oS– 115.60040 oE ± 70m, 22.xii.2012, M.V., Oswald, Diehl & Machado, Oswald #614 (1♂, 1♀, TAMU) ; track S off highway 1, 79 air km EENE of Norseman , 32.08056 oS– 122.60297 oE ± 90m, 28.xii.2012, M.V., Oswald, Diehl & Machado, Oswald #619 (4♂, 3♀, TAMU) ; 1 km W of Jimberlana Hill , 32.09S– 121.48E, 17.i.1993, E.D. Edwards & E.S. Nielsen (4♀, ANIC) ; Pungkulpirri Waterhole: 0.5 km E, Walter James Range, 24 o 39’15’’S– 128 o 45’18’’E, 26.ix.2006, at light, Central Ranges Sur. Camp 1 (1♀, SAMA) ; 40 km W of Warburton , 26.13S– 126.19E, 29.xii.1995, M.S. & B.J. Moulds & K.A. Kopestonsky (2♂, 2♀, AMSA) ; Wittenoon : 11.xi.1970, Upton (2♂, ANIC) .

Comments. Fissuleon nigristriatus is the largest and most common species in the genus. It can be easily sepa- rated from the other two species by the darker body colour and the presence of many long white setae covering many parts of the body. For phylogenetic relationships see Fig. 4 .

Figures

FIGURE 4. Strict consensus tree of morphology-based parsimony analysis of species belonging to the former subtribe Periclystina (ingroup, names in black), and outgroups (names in red). Former Glenoleon species are shown on blue branches, former Austrogymnocnemia species on green branches. Numbers above branches are Bremer support values; numbers below branches are bootstrap values (shown where>50%).

FIGURE 12. Distribution of Fissuleon species.

FIGURE 17. Fissuleon nigristriatus: a) head, anterior; b) head and thorax, dorsal; c) wings, dorsal.

FIGURE 18. Fissuleon nigristriatus: male: a) terminalia, lateral; b) genitalia, lateral; c) genitalia, posterior; female: d) terminalia, lateral; e) terminalia, ventral. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.