Austrogymnocnemia secula (New, 1985)

Machado, Renato Jose Pires & Oswald, John David, 2020, Morphological phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the former antlion subtribe Periclystina (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae), Zootaxa 4796 (1), pp. 1-322 : 150-152

Austrogymnocnemia secula (New, 1985) , new combination

( Figs. 69 , 72–73 )

http://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/ 562DFA1C-FB04-4159-BCAD-39A897AF0128

Glenoleon secula New, 1985b:47 (OD); New 1996:84 (cat); Stange 2004:106 (cat); Oswald 2018 (cat); Machado et al. 2019 (tree).

Diagnosis. Tibial spurs present; forewing with numerous brown marks; hind wing with large rhegmal mark; mesonotum mostly black; female posterior gonapophysis with only a few cavisetae apically; male paramere almost indistinguishable.

Description. Lengths: forewing: 29–32 mm; hind wing: 25–29 mm.

Head ( Figs. 72 a–b): Labrum pale; with a line of elongate setae. Clypeus pale; with few elongate white setae. Frons predominantly pale, except for a large black band around antennae; covered with few black setae. Gena pale. Vertex raised; in anterior view pale, with a median black line interrupted centrally; in dorsal view mostly black except for two small pale spots around center posteriorly; set with short black setae. Ocular setae absent. Antennae clubbed; elongate, about twice longer than pronotum; distance between width; mostly dark brown except for pale anterior surface of flagellum basal half; torular membrane black; flagellomeres almost as long as wide at base, apical ones much wider than long; all segments set with short black setae. Mandibles mostly pale, with tip black. Palpi, maxillary and labial basal segments black, second segments pale, and apical segments brown; apical labial palpomere fusiform, palpimacula opening oval-shaped, located medially.

Thorax ( Fig. 72b ): Pronotum about as long as wide; posterior margin as wide as anterior; subapical furrow present; mostly black except for posterior half with two pairs of small longitudinal pale bands around center, and anterior half with a small rounded central pale spot and two small pale curved bands around center, margins generally pale; beset with short black setae. Mesonotum mostly black, with some small pale marks around central region of all segments; covered with short black setae. Metanotum black, covered with short black setae. Pterothoracic pleura mostly black with some pale areas generally on ventral segments; dorsal segments covered with black setae, ventral segments covered with white setae; Miller’s organ present.

Wings ( Fig. 72c ): Rather narrow with tip acute; anterior Banksian line present in both wings, posterior absent; veins mostly dark brown, but with some veins intercalated with white spots; beset with short black setae. Male pilula axillaris present. Forewing membrane mostly hyaline but with brown marks concentrated on tip, inferior margin, pterostigma, some punctuation at subcostal area; and the dark brown mediocubital area; CuA fork located between RP origin and first fork; four presectoral crossveins; subcostal veinlets simple; posterior area narrower than prefork area. Hind wing membrane mostly hyaline except for brown marks around pterostigma, some brown infuscations at tip, and a large spot on rhegmal area; MP fork located between RP origin and first fork; subcostal veinlets simple; one presectoral crossvein.

Legs ( Figs. 72 a–b): All pairs of legs, femur elongate (> 2.5x length of coxa); tibia slightly longer than femur, which is slightly longer than tarsi; tibial spurs surpassing T1 apex; T2, T3 and T4 about the same size, T1 about twice as long as T2, T5 longer T1; claws about half of T5 length; coxa, trochanter, and femur set with short white setae; femur, tibia and tarsi set with short black setae, and scattered long black setae; T5 ventrally with two rows of thick, long, black setae. Proleg sense hair slightly longer than femur width; tibia with antennal cleaning setae ventroapically; coxa dark brown with some pale areas on anterior surface, trochanter pale, femur dark brown, tibia with posterior surface pale, anterior with three dark brown rings; tarsi dark brown, except for T1 base, pale. Mesoleg with same colour pattern of proleg, except posterior surface of femur, pale. Metaleg with femur, tibia and T1 slightly longer than in other legs; colour pattern similar to mesoleg, except for tibia pale with tip dark brown.

Abdomen: Mostly black with scattered pale marks, mainly on sternites medial area. Ectoproct tip pale. Beset with short white setae.

Male Terminalia ( Figs. 73 a–c): Ectoproct posterior margin rounded in lateral view; set with elongate black setae. 9 th sternite posterior margin concave in ventral view; set with elongate black setae. Gonarcus broad and arched in posterior view. Mediuncus very long, with tip acute; in lateral view medially curved. Paramere weakly sclerotized, but elongate in lateral view.

Female Terminalia ( Figs. 73 d–e): Ectoproct posterior margin rounded, covered with thin elongate setae. Lateral gonapophyses rounded, smaller than ectoproct, set with few cavisetae. 7 th sternite distal margin with small acute spines medially in ventral view; covered with long black setae. Pregenital plate a transverse band with anterior margin curved, and posterior margin extended in medial area. Posterior gonapophyses broad, elongate, with tip slightly larger than base; covered with long black setae, and few cavisetae on apex. 9 th tergite with a short membranous digitiform process. Anterior gonapophyses a small rounded plate covered with long black setae. Ventral membrane, gonapophyseal plates present.

Distribution ( Fig. 69 ). Australia: NSW*, NT, QLD*, SA*, WA. Known from sparse records across mainland Australia.

Adult activity period. Records for September to January and March.

Biology. Unknown, larva unknown.

Name-bearing type. Glenoleon secula : Holotype (by original designation), male, ANIC, examined. Type locality: Australia, Northern Territory, Larrimah (hamlet). From original description: “ Holotype, ♂, Northern Terri- tory, Larrimah, 8.x.1972, E. F. Riek ( ANIC)”. Condition: good, terminalia dissected.

Additional material examined (7♂, 6♀). AUSTRALIA: Queensland: 16 km SSW of Charleville , 26.35S– 146.11E, 14.iii.1990, E.D. Edwards & J.H. Fisk (2♀, ANIC) ; New South Wales: Nombinnie Nature Reserve: 18 air km SSE Mount Hope , 160m, 32.99613 oS– 145.94006 oE ± 70m, 3.i.2013, M.V., Oswald, Diehl & Machado, Oswald #626 (1♀, TAMU) ; Round Hill: near Euabalong , 24.xi.1967, C.N. Smithers (1♀, AMSA) ; Northern Territory: Larrimah : 8.x.1972, E.F. Riek (1♂ PT, 1♀ PT, SAMA); 42 km E of Newry, x.1960 (1♂, FSCA) ; South Australia: Danggali Conservation Park : 3 km N of Tomahawk Dan, 20.xi.1996, I.A. Forrest (1♂, SAMA) ; ix.1996 (1♀, SAMA) ; Mount Lindsay : 18.x.1996 (1♂, SAMA) ; 24 km NbyW of Renmark , 13.xii.1995, K.R. Pullen (1♂, ANIC) ; Western Australia: Port Hedland : 1 km, 15–17.i.1965, A.W. Forbes (1♂ PT, SAMA) ; 40 km W of Warburton , 26.13S– 126.19E, 29.xii.1995; M.S. & B.J. Moulds & K.A. Kopestonsky (1♂, AMSA) .

Comments. Within the secula species group, A. secula is closely related to A. mulesi and A. parviprocta ( Fig. 4 ). These three species share the presence of tibial spurs and the heavily marked forewings. Austrogymnocnemia secula is the most widespread species in the group, but appears to be less common than A. parviprocta and A. mulesi .

Figures

FIGURE 4. Strict consensus tree of morphology-based parsimony analysis of species belonging to the former subtribe Periclystina (ingroup, names in black), and outgroups (names in red). Former Glenoleon species are shown on blue branches, former Austrogymnocnemia species on green branches. Numbers above branches are Bremer support values; numbers below branches are bootstrap values (shown where>50%).

FIGURE 69. Distribution of Austrogymnocnemia species (part).

FIGURE 72. Austrogymnocnemia secula: a) head, anterior; b) head and thorax, dorsal; c) wings, dorsal.

FIGURE 73. Austrogymnocnemia secula: male: a) terminalia, lateral; b) genitalia, lateral; c) genitalia, posterior; female: d) terminalia, ventral; e) terminalia, lateral. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.