Psilochorus californiae Chamberlin, 1919

Slowik, Jozef, 2009, A review of the cellar spider genus Psilochorus Simon 1893 in America north of Mexico (Araneae: Pholcidae), Zootaxa 2144, pp. 1-53 : 11-15

Psilochorus californiae Chamberlin, 1919

Figs. 37–46, 189

Types. P. californiae : ɗ holotype, Ψ allotype from Claremont (34.09 N, 117.71 W), Los Angeles County, California, USA; coll: R V Chamberlin, 1909, MCZ 370. Not examined.

P. agnosticus Chamberlin, 1924 : ɗ holotype and Ψ allotype from Isla Raza, Gulf of California, Baja Sur, MEXICO; coll: J C Chamberlin, 21 April 1921, CAS 1418 & 1419. Specimens dehydrated. ɗ paratype and two juveniles same locale and date as types; four additional specimens from Isla Partida, MEXICO, 2 July 1921 [no further information given]. Should be in MCZ but unable to locate specimens.

P. dogmaticus Chamberlin, 1924 : Ψ holotype from Ceralbo Island, Gulf of California, Baja Sur, MEXICO; coll: J C Chamberlin, 7 June 1921, CAS 1417. Abdomen missing. Two Ψ paratypes and two juveniles, same locale and data at type; three Ψ paratypes, Espiritu Santo Island, MEXICO, 3-May-1921; Ψ paratype, Tortuga Island, MEXICO, 22-Jun-1921; four Ψ paratypes, San Marcos Island, MEXICO, 12-May- 1921; Ψ paratype, Salinas Bay, Carmen Island, MEXICO, 16-Jun-1921; Ψ paratype, Puerto Escondido, MEXICO, 29-May-1921. Should be in MCZ but unable to locate specimens.

PLATE 4. Figures 28–36. Psilochorus bantus Chamberlin and Ivie. 28– 32 Male. 28. Dorsal view of chelicerae. 29 Lateral view of chelicera. 30. Dorsal view of bulb apophysis. 31–32. Lateral view of procursus. 33–36. Epigynum. 33. Anterior view. 34. Ventral view. 35. Posterior view. 36. Lateral view.

PLATE 5. Figures 37–46. Psilochorus californiae Chamberlin. 37– 42 Male. 37. Dorsal view of chelicerae. 38. Lateral view of chelicera. 39–40. Dorsal view of bulb apophysis. 41–42. Lateral view of procursus. 43–46. Epigynum. 43 Anterior view. 44. Ventral view. 45. Posterior view. 46. Lateral view.

Specimens examined. 89 ɗ, 120 Ψ; MEXICO, Baja Sur, 1 ɗ, Calif, P E Balm pitfall trap, MCZ, 7-Jan- 1984 – 2-Apr-1985, MCZ; 1 ɗ, Sierra San Pedro Martir, 20-Aug-1978, EM; USA, California, Contra Costa County, 1 ɗ, Mount Diablo State Park, 18-Feb-1975, EM; Fresno County, 1 Ψ, Panoche Creek, J Applegarth, 29-Aug-1960, CAS; Inyo County, 1 Ψ, 1 mi W Coso Peak, Just N Coso Bridge, Prant /Pierce, 30-Dec-1899, EM; Kern County, 1 ɗ, 3 Ψ, Tehachapi Mtn Park, 13-Aug-1980, EM; 1 Ψ, Elk Hills Petro Reserve, 29-Apr- 2005, EM; 1 Ψ, Elk Hills Petro Reserve, 01-Apr-2005, EM; 1 Ψ, Elk Hills Petro Reserve, 14-Apr-2006, EM; 1 ɗ, same locale, 29-Apr-2005, EM; 1 ɗ, same locale, 01-Apr-2005, EM; 1 Ψ, same locale, 29-Apr-2005, EM; 1 Ψ, same locale, 29-Apr-2005, EM; 1 ɗ, same locale, 29-Apr-2005, EM; 1 ɗ, same locale, 29-Apr-2005, EM; 1 Ψ, same locale, 29-Apr-2005, EM; 1 ɗ, Buena Vista Valley, 29-Apr-2005, EM; 1 ɗ, same locale, 07-Apr- 2005, EM; 1 ɗ, same locale, 29-Apr-2005, EM;1 ɗ, same locale, 17-Mar-2006, EM; 1 ɗ, same locale, 13- Apr-2006, EM [odd spur]; 1 Ψ, same locale, 13-Apr-2006, EM; 1 ɗ, same locale, 13-Apr-2006, EM; 1 Ψ, same locale, 13-Apr-2006, EM; 2 ɗ, 1 Ψ, same locale, 13-Apr-2006, EM; 1 Ψ, same locale, 17-Mar-2006, EM; 1 Ψ, same locale, 13-Apr-2006, EM; 1 Ψ, same locale, 13-Apr-2006, EM; 1 Ψ, Midway Valley, 20-May- 2005, EM; 1 Ψ, same locale, 20-May-2005, EM; 1 ɗ, same locale, 28-Apr-2005, EM; 1 ɗ, same locale, 17- Mar-2006, EM; 1 Ψ, same locale, 07-Apr-2005, EM; Los Angeles County, 1 Ψ, Charmlee Park, 03-May-1997, NHMLA; 1 ɗ, Malibou, 22-May-2003, NHMLA; 1 Ψ, Valencia, 21-May-2002, NHMLA; 2 Ψ, Placenida, 09- Oct-2002, NHMLA; 1 ɗ, Ballona Wetlands, nr Playa del Rey, 30-Dec-1899, NHMLA; 1 Ψ, Torrance, 31- Mar-2003, NHMLA; 1 Ψ, Los Angeles, 15-Jun-1981, NHMLA; 2 Ψ, Los Angeles, 25-May-1981, NHMLA; 1 Ψ, Long Beach, 25-May-2002, NHMLA; 1 Ψ, Augeues National Forest, Bouquet Canyon, nr SE end of Bouquet Reserve, K W Cooper, Neotona nest, under oak & posion oak, 14-Aug-1981, EM; 1 ɗ, San Fernando Vally, A. Bonon-Marten, 01-Mar-2005, EM; 1 ɗ, Culver City, Cantrinela at Teale, D Boe, 01-Aug-1981, EM; 1 ɗ, 2 Ψ, Rio Hondo Canyon, 25-May-1980, EM; 1 ɗ, San Gabriel, W Salsido, 01-Apr-1974, EM; 1 Ψ, Anita Cyn, Roberts Camp, Arcadia, 27-May-1980, EM; 1 Ψ, San Gabriel Mtns, Angeles Crest Rd, chaparral, H L Levi, MCZ 67959, 27-Jun-1985, MCZ; 2 ɗ, 3 Ψ, Mt. Baldy, D Boe, 25-Aug-1979, EM; Monterey County, 1 ɗ, Hastings Natural History Reserve, J M Linsdale, 27-Jan-1941, CAS; Orange County, 1 ɗ, 1 Ψ, Weir Canyon, Array 12, USGS San Diego, Jun-2002, DMNS [odd spur]; 1 ɗ, 1 Ψ, Weir Canyon, Array 7, USGS San Diego, Jun-2000, DMNS; 1 ɗ, Weir Canyon, Array 3, USGS San Diego, Nov-1999, DMNS [odd spur]; 2 ɗ, Weir Canyon, Array 5, USGS San Diego, Jun-2000, DMNS [odd spur]; 1 Ψ, Huntington Beach, 01-Apr- 1967, EM; 1 Ψ, same locale, 01-Apr-1967, EM; 1 ɗ, same locale, 01-Apr-1967, EM; 1 Ψ, Orange, D Brett, 25-Apr-2005, EM; 1 ɗ, Irvine, D Boe, 02-Jul-1979, EM; 1 ɗ, Irvine, D Boe, 14-Jun-1979, EM; 1 Ψ, Irvine, D Boe, 14-Jun-1979, EM; 2 Ψ, Modjeska Canyon, D. Boe, 27-Dec-1978, EM; Riverside County, 1 ɗ, Riverside (Home), Saul Frommer, 05-Oct-1970, EM; 1 ɗ, Riverside, E I Schlinger, at light, 16-Aug-1962, EM; 1 ɗ, Riverside, Saul Frommer, UCR Extension, 20-Apr-1993, EM; 1 Ψ, Riverside, under log, Fairmont Park, D Carroll, 26-Mar-1976, EM; 1 Ψ, UCR Campus, D Carroll, Fall-1975, EM; 1 Ψ, UCR Campus, under Beehive, died while molting, R Vetter, 14-Jul-1995, EM; 1 ɗ, 2 Ψ, UCR Campus, under Beehive, R Vetter, 17-May- 1993, EM [odd spur]; 1 Ψ, UCR, Riverside, wood in field, 19-Apr-1979, EM; 1 Ψ, Box Springs, nr park entrance, under cardboard, 29-Dec-1976, EM; 1 ɗ, Munietta, 28-Sep-2002, NHMLA; 1 ɗ, Murietta, 13-Sep- 2002, NHMLA; 1 Ψ, Lake Perris, Don Boe, 25-Feb-1974, EM; 2 ɗ, San Jacinto Wildlife Area, Lakeview, no date, EM; 4 ɗ, 7 Ψ, Lake Fulmor, D Hagatrum, Apr–Aug-1969, EM; 2 ɗ, 1 Ψ, Idyllwild, Jacinto Mts, H Levi, MCZ 33229, 23-May-1978, MCZ; 3 Ψ, Andreas Canyon, 4 mi S Palm Springs, Gertsch, Ivie & Schrammel, 26-Mar-1960, AMNH; 2 ɗ, 4 Ψ, Andreas Canyon, 4 mi S Palm Springs, V Roth, 26-Mar-1960, AMNH; 1 Ψ, Nutrite, 22-Oct-1975, EM; 1 Ψ, Lake Skinner, 15–18-Jan-2001, EM; 1 ɗ, Coachella Valley Chino Canyon, 30-Jul–2-Aug-2003, EM; 1 Ψ, Baulista Creek, 24–27-Aug-2004, EM; 1 ɗ, same locale, 07-Dec-1997, EM; 1 ɗ, same locale, 07-Dec-1997, EM; 1 Ψ, same locale, 28-Nov-1998, EM; 1 ɗ, Lake Skinner/Shipley Reserve, 26–29 Jul 2004, EM; 1 Ψ, Lake Skinner, 07-Jun-1998, EM; 1 ɗ, same locale, 3–6-Mar-1998, EM; 1 ɗ, same locale, 7–10-Jun-1998, EM; 1 ɗ, Diamond Valley Lake, 3–6-Aug-2004, EM; 1 ɗ, Santa Gertrude Creek, 12–15-Oct-2004, EM; 1 Ψ, Motte Rimrock Reserve, 11–14-Nov-2003, EM; 1 Ψ, UCR Agric Opers, R Vetter, 01-Jun-1994, EM; 1 Ψ, UCR Agric Opers, R Vetter, 29-Jun-1995, EM; 2 ɗ, 3 Ψ, UCR Agric Opers, R Vetter, 12-Sep-1993, EM [odd spur]; 1 ɗ, UCR Agric Opers, R Vetter, 28-May-1995, EM [odd spur]; 1 Ψ, Mockingbird Canyon, 13–16-Sept-2004, EM; 1 ɗ, Santa Ana River Regional Park, 31-Aug–3-Sept-2004, EM; 1 ɗ, Elk Hills Petro Reserve, 14-Apr-2006, EM; San Benito County, 1 ɗ, 3 Ψ, Pinnacles, 17-May-1977, EM; 1 Ψ, Big Panoche Creek, 06-Feb-1970, EM; San Bernardino County, 1 Ψ, Silverwood Lake State Recreation Area, Array 1, USGS San Diego, Aug-2001, DMNS; 1 ɗ, Running springs, 8–12-Aug-1066, NHMLA; 1 ɗ 1 Ψ, Heart Bar Campground, big meadow, 18-Aug-1980, EM; 1 Ψ, 1.1 mi past San Bernardino National Forest, St Hwy 38, P R Craig, D Dailey, 28-Apr-1963, CAS; 1 Ψ, Camp Metoche, Seven Oaks, under fallen logs/bark, R Vetter, 05-May-1996, EM; 1 ɗ, Seven Oaks, San Bernardino Mtns, R Vetter, 8–10-Jun- 1997, EM; 1 ɗ, Mitchell Caverns, R L Aalbu, Trap 10, 27-May–26-Aug-1978, CAS; 1 ɗ, same locale, R L Aalbu, Trap 11, 27-May–26-Aug-1978, CAS; 1 Ψ, same locale, R L Aalbu, Trap 16, 17-Mar–16-Jun-1979, CAS; San Diego County, 1 ɗ, Hollenbeck Canyon. Wildlife Area, Array 5, USGS San Diego, Jun-2003, DMNS; 1 ɗ, 1 Ψ, Tijuana Estuary Array 14, USGS San Diego, Sep-2000, DMNS; 1 ɗ, 1 Ψ, Tijuana Estuary Array 14, USGS San Diego, Nov-2002, DMNS; 1 ɗ, Tijuana Estuary Array 13, USGS San Diego, Jun-2002, DMNS; 1 ɗ, Tijuana Estuary Array 13, USGS San Diego, Sep-2000, DMNS; 1 ɗ, Torrey Pines 1, Array 9, USGS San Diego, Jul-1998, DMNS [odd spur]; 1 Ψ, Tenaja Corridor Array 12, USGS San Diego, Sep-1999, DMNS; 3 ɗ, National City, on restructured bench, nr Pepper Park, DST Landfill, R Vetter, 5–7-Jul-2006, EM; 1 Ψ, Lyons Valley, 26-Mar-1961, EM; 1 Ψ, Descanso Ranger Station, 25-Mar-1961, EM; 1F, 1/2 Mile E Julian, C Parrish, 19-Dec-1964, CAS; 1 ɗ, Los Coyote Creek, Anza-Borrego N M, T Unruh, 18-Dec-1971, EM; 2 Ψ, W Border Anza Bor, D Boe, 28-Dec-1979, EM; 1 Ψ, Borrego Springs, D Boe, 03-Nov-1984, EM; 1 Ψ, 3 mi W Jacumba, Gertsch & Roth, 26-Apr-1961, AMNH; 1 Ψ, Miramar Naval Air Station, 5–8-Aug-1997, EM; 1 ɗ, Miramar Naval Air Station, 5–8-Aug-1997, EM; 1 Ψ, Camp Pendleton, 13-Feb-1997, EM; 1 Ψ, Camp Pendleton, 18-Feb-1997, EM; Santa Clara County, 1 ɗ, 1 Ψ, Just S Of Jct of Mines rd with Beauregard Rd, Mts, SE of Livermore, 23-Apr-1972, CAS; Stanialaus County 1 ɗ, 1 Ψ, Salt Grass Canyon, 24 km W of Petterson, W E Azeredo, C L Mollinex, 02-Feb-1971, CAS; 1 ɗ, Del Puerto Canyon, 30-Apr-1977, EM; 1 ɗ, Turlock Lake (37.612 N, 120.593 W), 25-May-1976, EM; 1 Ψ, same locale, 11-Mar-1976, EM; 1 Ψ, same locale, 15-Sep-1976, EM; 1 Ψ, same locale, 28-May-1976, EM; 1 Ψ, same locale, 27-May-1976, EM; 1 Ψ, same locale, 27-May-1976, EM; Tulare County, 1 ɗ, Horse Corral Meadow, Sequoia N F, 12-Aug-1980, EM; Ventura County, 1 Ψ, Upper Big Canyon, 19-Jan-1946, CAS; 2 ɗ, 1 Ψ, Mount Pinos, 15-Aug-1980, EM; 2 ɗ, 2 Ψ, Summit of Mount Pinos, W of Lebec, W J Gertsch & V Roth, 15-Sep-1959, AMNH; 4 Ψ, Mount Pinos Campground, 07-May-1980, EM; 1 Ψ, Pinos Campground, 14–15-Aug-1980, EM; Yuba County, 1 Ψ, Linda, 20-May-2002, NHMLA; Idaho, Minidoka County, 1 ɗ, 1 Ψ, Adelaide, Fox, 01-Sep-1931, AMNH.

Diagnosis. Specimens may be distinguished by: male spur narrow in dorsal view and sharply rounded (Fig. 37), procursus distal area lanceolate with rounded end (Fig. 41) epigynum low, close ridges on the MEP and PEP (Fig. 43), and a rounded AEP, which may or may not appear bisected (Figs. 43, 44).

Male: (N=6) Total length: 2.44 ± 0.21; carapace length: 0.99 ± 0.05; carapace width: 0.99 ± 0.06; leg 1: 16.20 ± 2.23 (4.36 ± 0.61 + 0.40 ± 0.05 + 4.60 ± 0.58 + 5.61 ± 0.95 + 1.23 ± 0.11); tibia 2: 3.30± 0.48; tibia 3: 2.82 ± 0.35; tibia 4: 3.40 ± 0.45. 23–27 leg I tarsal segments; femur1/carapace length: 4.42± 0.70; RT at 13.2–20.5%; DT at 6.2–9.8%. Color typical for the genus. Spur narrow, almost linear when viewed dorsally (Fig. 37) and laterally (Fig. 38), end sharply rounded. Procursus distal area lanceolate, end rounded with a dark area on the ventral edge (Fig. 41). Bulb apophysis linear, originating from the center of the bulb, retrolateral tab dusky, oblong (Figs. 39, 40).

Female: (N=5) Total length: 2.74 ± 0.70; carapace length: 0.96 ± 0.08; carapace width: 1.00± 0.11; leg 1: 13.75 ± 2.02 (3.68 ± 0.62 + 0.38 ± 0.06 + 3.98 ± 0.56 + 4.58 ± 0.77 + 1.12± 0.10); tibia 2: 2.84 ± 0.40; tibia 3: 2.29± 0.33; tibia 4: 2.83 ± 0.48. 23–24 leg I tarsal segments; femur1/carapace length: 3.84 ± 0.72; RT at 13.0–20.5%; DT at 5.5–12.6%. Color typical for the genus. AEP rounded, occasionally with a longitudinal crease (Fig. 43). MEP with two low ridges near apex (Fig. 43). PEP with two low ridges mirroring those found on the MEP (Fig. 45).

Variation. The spur of males will occasionally appear wider and ending to a more narrow end (similar to P. topanga , Fig. 167), several spur deformations such a single spurs and bumps were seen. The distal area of the procursus may be more spatulate (Fig. 42). On some specimens the AEP was very low, almost nonexistent. The ridges of the MEP and PEP may also be very weak.

Remarks. The descriptions of P. dogmaticus Chamberlin and P. agnosticus Chamberlin indicate that they may be synonyms of P. californicae . The type specimen of P. dogmaticus was found to be missing its abdomen, so no determination could be made. The type and allotype specimens of P. agnosticus are dried out and in poor condition. The procursus, bulb apophysis, and spur shape would indicate it was a P. californiae , as would the epigynal shape. Paratypes of the two species mentioned above also could not be located. Without examining more specimens in better shape from the type locale no synonymy is made. Distribution. California south to Northern Mexico.