Julus subalpinus Lohmander, 1936

Evsyukov, Aleksandr, Golovatch, Sergei & Reip, Hans S., 2018, The millipede genus Julus Linnaeus, 1758 in the Caucasus (Diplopoda: Julida: Julidae), Zootaxa 4461 (1), pp. 89-117 : 108-109

Julus subalpinus Lohmander, 1936

Figs 2G , 3Q–R , 7A–B , 12G–I , 14G , 15G , 16G , 18C , Map 2

Julus subalpinus Lohmander, 1936: 66 (D)

Julus subalpinus — Lang, 1959: 1791 (M); Lokšina and Golovatch, 1979: 386 (M).

Material examined. 1 male ( ZMUM), Russia, North Ossetia, North Ossetian Nature Reserve , Pinus forest, 1700 m a.s.l., 18.VIII.1983 ; 2 males, 5 females ( ZMUM), same locality, Fagus forest, 1700 m a.s.l., 13.VIII.1984 ; 2 males, 5 females, 3 juveniles ( ZMUM), same locality, traps, 1800 m a.s.l., 25.VIII.1984 ; 1 male, 2 females, 1 juvenile ( ZMUM), same locality, Pinus forest, pitfall traps, 1800 m a.s.l., 1.IX.1983 ; 1 male, 3 females, 2 juveniles ( ZMUM), same locality and date, all leg. O. Gvozdeva ; 1 male ( ZMUM), same locality, Fagus forest, 650 m a.s.l., 14.V.1981, leg . V. Matveeva; 1 male, 1 juvenile ( ZMUM), S slope of Tseissky Mt. Ridge, subalpine meadow, 2000 m a.s.l., 13.VIII.1982, all leg. S. Alekseev.

Diagnosis. Differs from other species of the genus by the following combination of characters. Main process (mp) of male leg-pair 2 curved laterally ( Figs 7A–B ). Gonopodal promere (pr) wide, with a lateral lamella (la) ( Fig. 12H ). Flagella (fl) thick, each with a lamina on top ( Fig. 12G ). Mesomere (ms) and apex of opisthomere (op) rounded ( Figs 12G, 12I , 14G ). Lateral outgrowth (lo) of op higher than ms ( Fig. 18C ). Striations on metazonae thin, shallow, irregular, not parallel to one another ( Fig. 16G ). Ampullae of female vulva (vu) located at different levels, ampulla 1 (am1) narrow and elongated, ampulla 2 (am2) rounded. Coxa of female leg-pair 2 (l2) with rounded processes ( Fig. 18C ).

Descriptive notes. Length 18–28 mm, width 1.1–2.2 mm. Number of segments from 38+2+T to 50+1+T. Body light grey with a thin, black, dorsal, axial line, venter lighter; legs yellow. Antennae and anal valves greyish yellow. Each eye patch composed of ca 40 ocelli. Striations on metazonae thin, shallow, irregular, usually not parallel to one another ( Fig. 16G ).

All other characters as in J. alexandrae , except as follows. Antennae in situ reaching back to body segment 3. Antennomeres 5 and 6 each with a corolla of bacilliform sensilla. Each stipes of gnathochilarium with a group of setae placed on a small tubercle below mentum ( Fig. 2G ).

Male leg-pair 1 with a weakly expressed suture between coxa (cx) and a 1-segmented telopodite remnant (te) ( Figs 3Q–R ); cx with a lateral acuminate outgrowth; te elongated, with a group of thick setae. Male leg-pair 2 with two coxal processes ( Figs 7A–B ). Anterolateral process (alp) short, acuminate, with a medial spike-like outgrowth. Main process (mp) long, curved laterally. Penes short, relatively narrow, not deeply bifurcate ( Fig. 7A ).

Promere (pr) wide, with a lateral lamella ( Fig. 12H ). Flagella (fl) thick, with a lamina on top ( Figs 12G, 12I ).

Mesomere (ms) rounded, opisthomere (op) bifurcate on top ( Fig 12G, 12I ). Lateral outgrowth (lo) of op higher than ms ( Fig. 14G ).

Ventral edge of male segment 7 with small curved lamellae bordering the gonopodal aperture ( Fig. 15G ).

Female vulva (vu) with rounded apices on bursa (bu); ampulla 1 (am1) narrow and elongated, ampulla 2 (am2) rounded and located above am1. Leg-pair 2 (l2) of female with wide, rounded, coxal processes ( Fig. 18C ).

Remarks. One of the high-montane species of the genus in the Caucasus, occurring in the upper forest belt, as well as subalpine and alpine meadows. Recorded from North Ossetia and the Krasnodar Province ( Lohmander 1936; Lang 1959; Lokšina and Golovatch 1979).

Figures

FIGURE 2. Gnathochilaria in Caucasian species of Julus, ventral views. A: J. alexandrae Evsyukov, 2016. B: J. colchicus Lohmander, 1936. C: J. jedryczkowskii Golovatch, 1981. D: J. kubanus Verhoeff, 1921. E: J. lignaui Verhoeff, 1910. F: J. lindholmi Lohmander, 1936. G: J. subalpinus Lohmander, 1936. H: J. dagestanus sp. n. I: J. khostensis sp. n. Scale bars: 0.3 mm.

FIGURE 3. Male legs 1 in Julus alexandrae Evsyukov, 2016 (A), J. colchicus Lohmander, 1936 (B–D), J. jedryczkowskii Golovatch, 1981 (E–F), J. kubanus Verhoeff, 1921 (G–I), J. lignaui Verhoeff, 1910 (J–M), J. lindholmi Lohmander, 1936 (N– P), J. subalpinus Lohmander, 1936 (Q–R), J. dagestanus sp. n. (S) and J. khostensis sp. n. (T). A: from the Rostov-on-Don Region. B: from Krasnaya Polyana, Krasnodar Province. C: from Sakhrai, Adygea Republic. D: syntype from Gagry, Abkhazia, after Lohmander (1936). E: from North Ossetia. F: paratype from North Ossetia, after Golovatch (1981). G: from Maikop, Adygea Republic. H: from Pskhu, Abkhazia. I: from Aksaut, Karachaevo-Cherkessia, after Lohmander (1936). J: from Krasnaya Polyana, Krasnodar Province. K: from Teberda, Karachaevo-Cherkessia. L: from Mestia, Svanetia, Georgia. M: from Teberda, Karachaevo-Cherkessia. N: from Svanetia, Georgia. O: from near Teberda, Karachaevo-Cherkessia. P: holotype from Olginskoe, Abkhazia, after Lohmander (1936). Q: from North Ossetia. R: syntype from Mount Djuga, Krasnodar Province, after Lohmander (1936). S: holotype from Dagestan. T: holotype from Khosta, Krasnodar Province. Oral views B–O; caudal views A, P. Abbreviations: cx, coxa; te, telopodite remnant. Scale bars: 0.3 mm (A–C, E, G, H, J–O, Q, S, T), 0.2 mm (F), not to scale (D, I, P, R).

FIGURE 7. Male legs 2 in Julus subalpinus Lohmander, 1936 (A–B), J. dagestanus sp. n. (C) and J. khostensis sp. n. (D). A: from North Ossetia. B: syntype from Mount Djuga, Krasnodar Province, after Lohmander (1936). C: holotype from Dagestan. D: holotype from Khosta, Krasnodar Province. Oral views A, C, D; lateral view B. Abbreviations: alp, anterolateral process of coxa 2; mp, main process of coxa 2; p, penes. Scale bars: 0.3 mm.

FIGURE 12. Male gonopods in Julus lindholmi Lohmander, 1936 (A–B from Svanetia, Georgia; C–D from near Teberda, Karachaevo-Cherkessia; E–F holotype from Olginskoe, Abkhazia, after Lohmander (1936)) and J. subalpinus Lohmander, 1936 (G from North Ossetia; H–I syntype from Mount Djuga, Krasnodar Province, after Lohmander (1936)). A, C: promere with flagellum, caudal view. B: opisthomere, oral view. D, I: left gonopods, mesal view. E: promere, caudal view. F, H: promere, mesal view. G: right gonopods, mesal view. Scale bar: 0.3 mm (A–D, G), not to scale (E, F, H, I). Abbreviations: fl, flagellum; la, lamella on promere; lo, lateral outgrowth of opisthomere; ms, mesomere; op, opisthomere; pr, promere.

FIGURE 14. Mesomere and opisthomere in Caucasian species of Julus, oral views. A: J. alexandrae Evsyukov, 2016. B: J. colchicus Lohmander, 1936. C: J. jedryczkowskii Golovatch, 1981. D: J. kubanus Verhoeff, 1921. E: J. lignaui Verhoeff, 1910. F: J. lindholmi Lohmander, 1936 G: J. subalpinus Lohmander, 1936. H: J. dagestanus sp. n. Scale bars: 0.3 mm. Abbreviations: fl, flagellum; lo, lateral outgrowth of opisthomere; ms, mesomere; op, opisthomere.

FIGURE 15. Ventral edge of male segments 7 in Caucasian species of Julus. A: J. alexandrae Evsyukov, 2016. B: J. colchicus Lohmander, 1936 C: J. jedryczkowskii Golovatch, 1981. D: J. kubanus Verhoeff, 1921. E: J. lignaui Verhoeff, 1910. F: J. lindholmi Lohmander, 1936. G: J. subalpinus Lohmander, 1936. H: J. khostensis sp. n. Scale bars: 0.3 mm.

FIGURE 16. Striation on metazonites in Caucasian species of Julus. A: J. alexandrae Evsyukov, 2016. B: J. colchicus Lohmander, 1936. C: J. jedryczkowskii Golovatch, 1981. D: J. kubanus Verhoeff, 1921. E: J. lignaui Verhoeff, 1910. F: J. lindholmi Lohmander, 1936. G: J. subalpinus Lohmander, 1936. H: J. dagestanus sp. n. I: J. khostensis sp. n. Pictures taken not to scale.

FIGURE 18. Female vulvae and legs 2 in Caucasian species of Julus. A: J. lignaui Verhoeff, 1910. B: J. lindholmi Lohmander, 1936. C: J. subalpinus Lohmander, 1936. D: J. dagestanus sp. n. Abbreviations: vu, vulva; op, operculum; bu, bursa; am1 and am2, ampulla 1 and ampulla 2; l2, coxa and prefemur of leg 2. Scale bar: 0.3 mm.