Chilicola (Heteroediscelis) mavida Toro & Moldenke, 1979

Monckton, Spencer K., 2016, A revision of Chilicola (Heteroediscelis), a subgenus of xeromelissine bees (Hymenoptera, Colletidae) endemic to Chile: taxonomy, phylogeny, and biogeography, with descriptions of eight new species, ZooKeys 591, pp. 1-144 : 71-77

Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Colletidae

Chilicola (Heteroediscelis) mavida Toro & Moldenke, 1979 Figs 5A; 6C; 9 A–B; 21B; 23A; 24 C–D; 41 A–J; 49

Chilicola mavida Toro & Moldenke, 1979: 122-124 (male holotype, female allotype, AMNH [examined]). Michener 2002: 5-7 (phylogeny). Packer 2008: 77. Montalva and Ruz 2010: 28 (checklist). Moure et al. 2012 (catalogue). Monckton 2014: 234. Ascher and Pickering 2015 (checklist).

Diagnosis.

Males are diagnosable by the combination of first flagellomere longer than wide (≥1.1 ×), malar space longer than clypeal lateral (1.05 –1.1×), and S1 process with anterior apical angle acute in lateral view. Females are diagnosable by the combination of malar space subequal in length to the clypeal lateral (0.9 –1×) and leg colouration as follows: apicodorsal spot on mesotibia yellow-brown, apicodorsal rim of metafemur yellow, wide basal ring of metatibia yellow, posterior apical rim of metatibia yellow-brown. Females of Chilicola curvapeligrosa are most similar, but have darker leg colouration (following parts brown: apicodorsal spot on mesotibia, apicodorsal rim of metafemur, basidorsal spot on metatibia; apex of metatibia black-brown).

Description.

Male. Length 5.3-5.8mm, forewing length 3.4-3.5mm, head width 1.1-1.2mm, thorax width 1.1-1.2mm, median ocellar diameter (OD) 0.13mm.

Colouration: Black-brown, following parts yellow: labrum; clypeus except broadly dark along epistomal suture; lower paraocular area, extending ~1OD above transverse portion of epistomal suture and not reaching lower tangent of antennal socket; apicoventral spot on scape; apicoventral surface of pedicel; protrochanter apical rim posteriorly; apex of profemur broadly on anterior surface, narrowly on posterior surface; protibia except dark medioventrally; probasitarsus dorsally, at least in basal half; apex of mesofemur broadly on anterior surface, narrowly on posterior surface; broad basal and apical rings on mesotibia, the latter widened to apical half anteriorly; at least basoventral spot on mesobasitarsus; apicoventral rim of metacoxa and metatrochanter, the latter sometimes yellow-brown; narrow apical ring on metafemur; metatibia in basal one-third, in apical quarter of anterior surface, apical one-third of posterior surface and along ventral varina, yellow colouration continuous along ventral surface, sometimes continuous or nearly so along dorsal surface; metabasitarsus in basal one-third dorsally, basal two-thirds ventrally; anterior spot on tegula; apex of T7. Ventral surface of flagellum yellow-brown, flagellomeres suffused with brown basally. Apical half of prodistitarsus and apical one-third of mesodistitarsus brown. Posterior metatibial carina black. Metasoma black, T1-T6 marginal zones translucent yellow.

Pubescence: White, hairs generally short (0.5OD) and sparse, not especially plumose; on lower paraocular area and around antennal base moderately long and moderately dense (1OD); genal beard long and dense (0.5-3OD) longest at midlength; discs of mesoscutum, scutellum, and metanotum mostly bare, few short hairs (0.5OD), longer and denser toward lateral margin as follows: mesoscutum (0.5-1OD), scutellum (1-2OD) also on posterior margin, longest posteromedially, metanotum (≤2OD); propodeal hairs moderately long and dense dorsolaterally (0.5-1.5OD); T1-T3 apicolateral patches of tomentum (0.5-1OD); S2 hairs long and dense (1.5OD basolaterad, 0.5OD distilaterad, shorter mesad).

Surface sculpture: Microsculpture imbricate, integument generally dull; punctures generally small and deep. Clypeus and lower paraocular area moderately densely punctate (i=1-2d) except clypeus irregularly punctate in upper half (i=1-3d); supraclypeal area irregularly punctate (i=1-4d) densely punctate toward lateral margin (i≤d); frontal area very densely punctate (i≤0.5d), densely punctate around ocelli (i≤d); ocellocular space densely punctate adjacent to compound eye (i≤d) becoming impunctate adjacent to lateral ocellus; vertexal area rugose and very densely punctate (i≤0.5d); scape shallowly and moderately densely punctate (i=1-2d) densely punctate apicoventrally (i≤d); genal area microstriate and moderately densely punctate (i=1-2d); hypostomal area weakly imbricate to glossy apically and densely punctate (i=d); pronotum densely punctate (i=0.5-1d), lateral surface coarsely imbricate; mesoscutum densely punctate (i=0.5-1d) except moderately densely punctate laterally (i=1-2d); scutellum moderately densely punctate (i=1-2d) punctures crowded around median (i≤d); mesepisternum irregularly punctate, sparse below scrobe (i=2-3d), sparser anterior of episternal groove (i≥3d), impunctate just dorsad of scrobe, otherwise moderately dense on hypoepimeral area (i=1-2d); metanotum moderately densely punctate (i=1-2d) punctures crowded around median and anteriorly (i≤0.5d); metepisternum densely punctate (i≤d) distinctly longitudinally striate anterodorsally; metapostnotum rugose, fewer transverse lineations posteriorly; propodeum coarsely imbricate, rugulose posteriorly, moderately densely punctate throughout (i=1-2d); T1-T5 coarsely imbricate; T1 sparsely punctate basally (i≥2d) moderately densely punctate apically (i=1-2d); T2-T5 moderately densely punctate (i=1-2d); T6 moderately densely punctate (i=1-2d) and coarsely imbricate posteriorly; T7 sparsely puncticulate; marginal zones of terga weakly imbricate and shiny, punctate to impunctate at margins.

Structure: Labrum 2.3 × wider than long (23:10); malar space subequal in length to clypeal lateral (9:8.5); LOT at level of anterior tentorial pits; clypeus subequal in length to maximum width in frontal view (31:30) extending for more than half of its length beyond LOT; median longitudinal groove present on clypeus, weak apically; subantennal sutures ~1.4 × as long as the shortest distance between them (17:12); IAD ~2.2 × AOD (13:6); scape 2.4 × as long as maximum width (24:10); pedicel shorter than wide (8:9); F1 longer than wide (10:8.5); F2 1.3 × as long as F1 and shorter than F3 (F2:F3 - 13:14); UOD ~1.4 × LOD, IOD ~1.1 × UOD (UOD:IOD:LOD - 50:54:35); frontal line carinate in lower two-fifths, flat just below median ocellus for a length of ~1OD, otherwise roughly defined; MOC subequal to width of head (89:90); OOC ~0.6 × IOC (11:18); genal area ~0.5 × as wide as compound eye in lateral view (17:33); ratio of lengths of mesoscutum: scutellum: metanotum: metapostnotum - 63:23:9:15; probasitarsus 3.25 × as long as maximum depth (26:8); length of prodistitarsus subequal to that of preceding three tarsomeres combined (from II to V - 7:5:5:16); metafemur ~1.9 × as long as maximum depth (70:37); summit of metatibial ventral convexity rounded and near tibial apex; metatibia ~1.8 × as long as maximum depth (56:31); in apical view apical lamina of metatibia broad and thick, length 0.8 × OD (8:10); ventral metatibial carina bowed ventrad and absent basally, originating at midpoint of weakly sigmoid posterior carina; metabasitarsus ~3.6 × as long as maximum depth (43:12); S1 process apical surface with longitudinal median ridge, in lateral view anterior and posterior margins convergent apically and median ridge projecting posteriorly from apex. S7 apodemal arm sclerotized margin terminating laterally at arm midlength; ventral lobe narrow, almost linear; dorsal lobe roughly triangular, wide at base and narrow apically, with row of setae long basally and shorter apically; apex of disc disinctly emarginate. S8 lateral process ~0.9 × as wide as long, anteromedial sclerotized margin following marginal contour. Gonobase apicoventral truncate process biconvex and distinctly notched by ~1.5 × width of one convexity.

Female. Length 4.2-4.8mm, forewing length 2.6-3.0mm, head width 1.0mm, thorax width 1.0-1.1mm, median ocellar diameter (OD) 0.10mm.

Colouration: Black to black-brown except as follows: mandible with yellow basal spot, translucent yellow in apical half except apex translucent brown; antenna variable (scape entirely dark; pedicel to F2 dark, or apicoventral rim brown; ventral surface of F3 to penultimate flagellomere yellow-brown, narrowing basally on F3, flagellomeres suffused with brown basally; terminal flagellomere yellow-brown in basal half, brown in apical half). Following parts yellow: dorsal surface of protibia; apical two-thirds of prodistitarsus, sometimes yellow-brown; narrow basal ring on mesotibia; apicodorsal rim on metafemur; wide basal ring on metatibia, narrow ventrally; anterior spot on tegula. Following parts yellow-brown: apicodorsal spot on mesotibia; posterior apical rim on metatibia. Apical half of mesodistitarsus brown. Metasoma black, T1-T5 yellow-brown beyond premarginal line to translucent yellow at margins.

Pubescence: As in male except as follows: clypeal hairs short and sparse (0.5OD); genal beard sparse (0.5-2.5OD); discs of mesoscutum and scutellum with sparse short hairs (≤0.5OD), longer and denser toward lateral margin of mesoscutum (0.5-1OD), and toward lateral and posterior margins of scutellum (1-1.5OD) longest posteromedially; scopae on metafemur and metatibia (1-1.5OD); T1-T3 apicolateral patches of tomentum (0.5-1OD); S1 hairs long and moderately dense (≤2OD); S2 scopal hairs (1-2OD).

Surface sculpture: As in male except as follows: clypeus sparsely punctate (i=2-3d) moderately densely punctate toward lateral margin (i=1-2d); supraclypeal area irregularly punctate (i=1-2d) densely punctate toward lateral margin (i≤d); lower paraocular area densely punctate (i=d); frontal area densely punctate (i≤d), moderately densely punctate around ocelli (i=1-2d); vertexal area moderately densely punctate (i=1-2d); scape shallowly and moderately densely punctate (i=1-2d); genal area weakly imbricate and moderately densely punctate (i=1-2d); hypostomal area weakly imbricate to glossy apically and moderately densely punctate (i=1-2d); mesoscutum and scutellum densely punctate; metanotum moderately densely punctate (i=0.5-2d); metepisternum densely punctate (i≤d) distinctly longitudinally striate anterodorsally (weak in some specimens); metapostnotum rugose, fewer transverse lineations posteriorly (posterior half to two-thirds longitudinally carinate in some specimens); propodeum moderately densely punctate (i=1-2d); T1-T5 moderately puncticulate; T6 moderately densely punctate (i=1-2d).

Structure: Labrum 2.5 × wider than long (20:8); malar space subequal in length to clypeal lateral (6:6.5); LOT at level of anterior tentorial pits; clypeus ~1.1 × as long as maximum width in frontal view (29:26) extending for approximately half of its length beyond LOT; median longitudinal groove weak on clypeus; subantennal sutures subequal in length to the shortest distance between them (11:11); IAD ~1.4 × AOD (11.5:8); scape ~3.4 × as long as maximum width (22:6.5); pedicel longer than wide (8:6.5); F1 longer than wide (6.5:5.5); F2 shorter than F1 and shorter than F3 (F2:F3 - 4:5); UOD ~1.3 × LOD, IOD ~1.1 × as long as UOD (UOD:IOD:LOD - 44:47:34); frontal line carinate in lower third, flat above; MOC ~1.1 × as long as width of head (77:71); OOC ~0.7 × IOC (11:16); genal area ~0.65 × as wide as eye in lateral view (15:23); ratio of lengths of mesoscutum: scutellum: metanotum: metapostnotum - 51:20:9:12.5; probasitarsus ~3.2 × as long as maximum depth (21:6.5); length of prodistitarsus ~1.3 × that of preceding three tarsomeres combined (from II to V - 4:4:3:14); metafemur ~2.9 × as long as maximum depth (43:15); metatibia ~4.6 × as long as maximum depth (53:11.5); metabasitarsus 4.25 × as long as maximum depth (34:8).

Material studied

(21 males & 19 females): Holotype (male): Region IV, Baños del Toro, S 29.838°, W 70.026 °, 3202m, i.1970, Toro (AMNH); Allotype (female): same data as holotype (AMNH); Region IV: one paratype male, same data as holotype (AMNH); five paratype males, Laguna Dam, S 30.206°, W 70.042°, 3170m, 5.xii.1950, Ross & Michelbacher (AMNH); one paratype male, Río Laguna, S 30.191°, W 70.047°, 3000m, i.1970, Dazarola (AMNH); one female, same locality as holotype, 1970, collector unknown (AMNH); one male, Río Laguna, S 30.191°, W 70.047°, 3000m, 1970, H. Toro (AMNH); one male, same locality, 8.i.1970, H. Toro (PUCV); one male, CH-41 km 165, S of La Laguna, S 30.1479°, W 70.0518°, 2767m, 15.xii.2013, L. Packer (PCYU); one male, 41-CH km km 171, N of Emb La Laguna, S 30.1787°, W 70.0473°, 2942m, 15.xii.2013, J. Postlethwaite, CCDB-19989 D05 (PCYU); two females, W of Junta Toro, 41-CH km 146, S 29.9675°, W 70.1285°, 1977m, 8.xi.2013, S. Monckton, pan traps, CCDB-19989 D01 // PCYU 0021694, CCDB-19989 D02 // PCYU 0021695 (PCYU); one male, 41-CH km, 137.8, S 29.9670°, W 70.1936, 800m, 8.xi.2013, S. Monckton, pan trap, CCDB-19989 B10 // PCYU 0021684 (PCYU); one male, E of Vicuña, 127.8 km, S 29.9777°, W 70.2293°, 1711m, 12-19.ix.2010, L. Packer (PCYU); one female, Elqui Prov., Pangue, S 30.1539°, W 70.6639°, 1686m, 11-30.ix.2004, A. Ugarte (PCYU); two males, Elqui: El Pangue, 24 km S of Vicuña, S 30.168°, W 70.663°, 1711m, 31.x.1992, Snyder & Sharkov (AMNH); one male and one female, Elqui Prov., 26 km S of Vicuña, S 30.19°, W 70.661°, 1691m, 29.x.1992, Rozen, Sharkov, Snyder (AMNH); three females, Limarí Prov., Las Mollacas, E Monte Patria, S 30.753°, W 70.657°, 1142m, 13.x.1994, Rozen, Quinter, Ascher, on Oxalis (AMNH); Region V: one female, Portillo Aduanas, S 32.8304°, W 70.0905°, 3210m, 10.i.2009, L. Packer, on Phacelia , CHI09-13-2-011 (PCYU); two males and six females, Portillo, S 32.8372°, W 70.1296°, 2870m, 11.i.2009, L. Packer, on Phacelia , CHI09-13-1-003, CHI09-13-1-005, CHI09-13-1-004, CHI09-13-1-009 (PCYU); two females, same data (BBSL); two females, same data (CTMI); one female, same locality, 30.xii.2008, L. Packer, CHI09-2-1-018 (PCYU); one female, Portillo, S 32.8507°, W 70.1339°, 2612m, 30.xii.2009, L. Packer, CHI09-2-2-031 (PCYU); one male and one female, same data, on Stachys , CHI09-2-2-039, CHI09-2-2-0398 (PCYU); one male, Guardia Vieja mountain, Aconcagua Prov., S 32.904°, W 70.272°, 1600m, 17.ix.1964, L. E. Peña (AMNH).

Variation.

Some females have a yellow-brown or yellow spot on the lower paraocular area below the anterior tentorial pit.

Distribution.

Central Andean Cordillera and upper Coquimban Desert, just extending into Southern Andean Cordillera, from Baños del Toro & Embalse La Laguna west to El Pangue (Region IV) and south to Portillo (Region V); 1142-3210m a.s.l.

Ecology.

Collected on Oxalis L. (3 records), Phacelia (9 records), and Stachys L. (2 records). Recorded September to January.