Caldwellia angularis ( Férussac, 1821 )

Hyman, Isabel T. & Ponder, Winston F., 2010, A morphological phylogenetic analysis and generic revision of Australian Helicarionidae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Stylommatophora), and an assessment of the relationships of the family 2462, Zootaxa 2462 (1), pp. 1-148 : 84-85

Caldwellia angularis ( Férussac, 1821)

Figures 22K , 29A , 31D–F

Material examined. Mauritius: AM C205299 (one specimen dissected, radula examined), E slopes of Mt. Bambous , W of Grand Sable, E Mauritius, on ‘Liane Cerf’, native forest, 400 m alt., Dec. 2000, O.L. Griffiths , V. Florens .

Description. External morphology: Shell 4.1 whorls, orange-brown; whorl profile rounded above and below angular periphery; otherwise shell shape and sculpture as for genus. Animal cream. Mantle laps and lobes as for genus. Caudal apparatus as for genus; caudal horn large; caudal foss diamond-shaped slit in tail.

Mantle cavity: As for genus. Mantle with visible minor blood vessels.

Digestive system: As for genus.

Genital system ( Figures 22K , 29A ): As for genus. Free oviduct long, internally with partially fused pustules. Bursa copulatrix internally with longitudinal pilasters. Vagina internally with wavy longitudinal pilasters. Penis short; epiphallus enters penis through simple pore; nine longitudinal penis pilasters present; penial diverticulum absent. Penis retractor muscle attached to epiphallus. Epiphallus much longer than penis, simple internally. Epiphallic retractor caecum absent.

Radula ( Figure 31D–F ): As for genus. Radular formula estimated to contain at least 400 teeth per half-row and at least 200 rows.

Remarks. Caldwellia angularis grouped with Helicarion mastersi and Brevisentis atratus in the phylogenetic analysis ( Figures 1–3 ). However, in the molecular phylogenetic analysis of Hyman et al. (2007) it usually grouped with a different clade of Australian taxa, made up of three species from Lord Howe Island and Nitor circumcincta from southeastern Australia.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Majority-rule consensus tree (1,743 trees, length 117 steps) from the morphological analysis containing representatives of all groups. Families and subfamilies are shaded and are labelled in bold if the group is not monophyletic.

FIGURE 2. Majority-rule consensus tree (646 trees, length 106 steps) from the morphological analysis with Dyakiidae and Urocyclidae excluded. Families and subfamilies are shaded and are labelled in bold if the group is not monophyletic.

FIGURE 3. Majority-rule consensus tree (770 trees, length 117 steps) resulting from the morphological analysis with two additional mantle lobe characters. Families and subfamilies are shaded and are labelled in bold if the group is not monophyletic.

FIGURE 22. Penis interiors. A. Nitor circumcincta, AM C356607. B. Nitor subrugata, AM C334537. C. Pravonitor kreffti, AM C425415. D. Expocystis rustica, AM C425540. E. Malandena suturalis, AM C425085. F. Echonitor cyrtochila, SAM D16557. G. Echonitor albumenoidea, SAM D16567. H. Periclocystis ardeni, SAM D16562. I. New Caledonian NC3, MNHN no registration number. J. New Caledonian NC5, MNHN no registration number. K. Caldwellia angularis, AM C205299. L. Caldwellia imperfecta, AM C205300. Scale bars 1 mm (A–L). Abbreviations: ep, epiphallus; pd, penial diverticulum; pp, penial pilaster; ppd, diamond-shaped, ridged pustules; prm, penis retractor muscle; ppu, penial pustules; pv, penial verge.

FIGURE 29. Reproductive systems. A. Caldwellia angularis, AM C205299. B. Caldwellia imperfecta, AM C205300. C. Erepta odontina, AM C205302. D. Ctenophila caldwelli, AM C205301. E. Kalidos balstoni, AM C205303. Scale bars 1 mm (E), 2 mm (B, D), 5 mm (A, C). Abbreviations: alb, albumen gland; bc, bursa copulatrix; c, caecum; ca, carrefour; ep, epiphallus; fl, flagellum; fov, free oviduct; her, hermaphrodite duct; ov, ovotestis; pr, prostate; prm, penis retractor muscle; pt, penial sheath; ut, uterus; v, vagina; vd, vas deferens.

FIGURE 31. Radulae. A–C. Caldwellia imperfecta, AM C205300. D–F. Caldwellia angularis, AM C205299. G–I. Ctenophila caldwelli, AM C205301. J–L. Erepta odontina, AM C205302. M–O. Kalidos balstoni, AM C205303. P–R. Madagascan species MA1, AM C205304. Scale bars 10 mm (A–C), 20 mm (D–L, P–R), 50 mm (M–O).