Calyptotheca tenuata Harmer, 1957
publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.3827.2.2 |
publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D9AEB652-345E-4BB2-8CBD-A3FB4F92C733 |
DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6126949 |
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/64480F01-FFFC-2760-FF04-B226FF7DFEB2 |
treatment provided by |
Plazi |
scientific name |
Calyptotheca tenuata Harmer, 1957 |
status |
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Calyptotheca tenuata Harmer, 1957 View in CoL
( Figure 5 View FIGURE 5 , Table 5 View TABLE 5 )
Calyptotheca tenuata Harmer, 1957: 1016 View in CoL (part), pl. 68, figs 16, 17 (Badjo Bay and Muaras Reef material); Liu et al. 2001: 650, pl. 63, figs 1–3.
? Calyptotheca tenuata: Ristedt & Hillmer 1985 View in CoL , 142, pl. 4, fig. 1; Scholz 1991: 311, pl. 15, figs 4, 6, pl. 16, fig. 1. Not Calyptotheca tenuata: Harmer 1957: 1016 View in CoL , pl. 68, figs 16, 17 (Amboyna material); Ryland & Hayward 1992: 259, fig. 18b, c ( C. perpendiculata View in CoL ); Tilbrook 2006: 220, pl. 48A, B ( C. rupicola View in CoL ).
Material examined. Holotype: NHMUK 1980.2.1.19 (325.F3/Harmer no.1077), dry, Siboga Station 50, Badjo Bay, West Flores, 0– 40 m. Paratypes: NHMUK 1980.2.1.19 (325.F4/Harmer no.1077), Canada Balsam prep., same data as holotype; NHMUK 1980.2.1.20 (465.D/Harmer no. 1079), Siboga Station 91, Muaras Reef, East Borneo, 0–54 m; NHMUK 2002.1.23.14 (672.C/Harmer no. 1080), Siboga Station 181, Amboyna, 0– 54 m.
Bryomol Reef: MTQ G26474, G26475, 16°27.343' S, 140°52.712' E, encrusting Steginoporella , 41 m. MTQ G26476, 16°29.31' S, 140°56.513' E, 39 m. MTQ G26477, 16°27.627' S, 140°51.171' S, encrusting Adeonella , 26.5 m. MTQ G26478, 16°31.653' S, 140°54.589' E, encrusting Petraliella , 36.5 m.
Southeastern GoC: MTQ G26479, G26480, 16°50.029' S, 140°11.999' E, encrusting Steginoporella , 23 m. MTQ G26481, G26482, 16°51.189' S, 140°19.387' E, encrusting Steginoporella , 23 m. MTQ G26426, G26502, 15.92213° S, 139.89779° E, encrusting Cigclisula , 39.4 m.
Eastern GoC: MTQ G26500, 14°49.702' S, 140°11.994' E, encrusting Cigclisula , 59 m.
Description. Colony encrusting. Autozooids rectangular to irregularly pentagonal (c. 0.5 × 0.4 mm; Table 5 View TABLE 5 ). Frontal shield flattened to slightly convex with large, round, regularly spaced pseudopores (average 89 per zooid), separated by approximately the width of a pseudopore, extending to zooid borders; interzooidal boundaries marked by slightly elevated rims, marginal areolar pores large to very large, some triangular.
Primary orifice large, oval, wider than long (c. 0.11 × 0.15 mm), anter rounded, slightly sunken, lunula restricted to distal third of orifice, sinus a shallow rounded arc, condyles large, rectangular, not serrate. A low, thickened rim of calcification surrounding proximal side of orifice.
Adventitious avicularia infrequent, sometimes one, rarely two per zooid, normally occupying a distolateral angle of the zooid proximolateral to orifice, occasionally occurring laterally, at a proximal angle or on ovicells, directed medially or to centre of frontal shield, semi-elliptical proximally, acuminate distally, curved over inflated cystid, proximal opesia very small, often slit-like, distal opesia a rounded V-shape; mandible widely triangular proximally, distal portion acicular and basally curved. Vicarious avicularia absent.
Ovicell recumbent upon frontal shield of distal zooid, not crossed by suture lines, approximately circular (c. 0.3 × 0.3 mm). Orifice dimorphism not distinctive but ovicellate orifices slightly wider than autozooidal orifices (c. 0.16 mm vs 0.15 mm; Table 5 View TABLE 5 ).
Remarks. Calyptotheca tenuata is distinguished by its relatively large dimensions, with larger zooids, orifices and pseudopores, the latter more closely spaced compared to the other species described herein, and the strongly oval orifice, wide shallow sinus, and wide, acuminate, basally curved avicularia. Calyptotheca incusa Tilbrook, 2006 has similar avicularia, but they are distolateral to the orifice; C. triquetra ( Harmer, 1957) has triangular, basally curved avicularia, but they are suboral and medial. Orificial shape and condyles in these two species also differ from those of C. tenuata .
Two other Calyptotheca species have narrowly triangular, medially or proximomedially directed avicularia and a large oval orifice with smooth condyles: C. perpendiculata Tilbrook, 2006 and C. rupicola Hayward & Ryland, 1995 . Calyptotheca tenuata is distinguished from both by the shorter, wider (width approximately half the length; Table 5 View TABLE 5 ), acuminate, basally curved avicularia and smaller orificial dimensions. The avicularia of C. rupicola are rare, not occurring in pairs, bluntly triangular and long, reaching almost to the zooid centre, and the orifice is larger and more oval than that of C. tenuata (c. 0.13 × 0.19 mm [ Hayward & Ryland 1995] vs 0.11 × 0.15 mm). The orifice is surrounded by well-developed nodular thickening, often more developed proximally, which forms a distinct peristomial rim ( Hayward & Ryland 1995, p. 555, figs 9F, 10A, B). Tilbrook’s (2006) C. tenuata matches this description and C. tenuata of Ristedt & Hillmer (1985) and Scholz (1991) could also be C. rupicola . The avicularia of C. perpendiculata are also long, reaching the zooid centre but occurring at the widest part of the zooid, and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis; the orifice is very large (c. 0.17 × 0.22 mm; Tilbrook 2006, p. 222, pl. 48C, D).
Harmer’s (1957) synonymy includes specimens from Sri Lanka, the Philippines and New Caledonia but his material in NHMUK includes at least three species and the specimens of C. tenuata sensu stricto are only from Indonesia. The Amboyna material differs in having the avicularian cystid flush with the frontal shield, the rostrum flat and the mandible evenly tapered to the tip.
Distribution. Calyptotheca tenuata was originally described from West Flores, Indonesia, and it is known from Indonesia, China ( Liu et al. 2001) and the GoC, where it was found encrusting the habitat-providing bryozoans Steginoporella , Adeonella , Petraliella and Cigclisula at 21– 59 m. C. tenuata was the second commonest Calyptotheca species in the Gulf of Carpentaria Collection and this is the first record of C. tenuata in Australian waters.
Mean | Standard Deviation | Range N | |
---|---|---|---|
Zooid length | 0.528 | 0.085 | 0.402–0.645 10 |
Zooid width | 0.433 | 0.056 | 0.371–0.519 10 |
Autozooid orifice length | 0.111 | 0.009 | 0.097–0.124 10 |
Autozooid orifice width | 0.146 | 0.006 | 0.134–0.156 10 |
Adventitious avicularium length | 0.165 | 0.009 | 0.153–0.181 10 |
Adventitious avicularium width | 0.087 | 0.009 | 0.072–0.099 10 |
Diameter of perforations in frontal shield | 0.020 | 0.001 | 0.018–0.022 10 |
Number of perforations in frontal shield | 88.7 | 17.26 | 61–113 10 |
Ovicell length | 0.279 | 0.018 | 0.255–0.312 10 |
Ovicell width | 0.337 | 0.039 | 0.294–0.404 10 |
Ovicellate orifice length | 0.106 | 0.004 | 0.098–0.112 10 |
Ovicellate orifice width | 0.156 | 0.006 | 0.146–0.165 10 |
NHMUK |
Natural History Museum, London |
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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Calyptotheca tenuata Harmer, 1957
Cumming, Robyn L. & Tilbrook, Kevin J. 2014 |
Calyptotheca tenuata
Liu 2001: 650 |
Harmer 1957: 1016 |